Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In summary, of the 460 patients of primary carcinoma of the liver admitted to the University Surgical Unit at the Queen Mary Hospital over a period of 12 years, more than 40% could not be treated, and only 91 of the patients were candidates for curative resection. The cure rate is very small; a 1- to 2-year survival was obtained in 46% of 15 resections. From 1964 to 1969, out of 22 patients with resections, 3 are still alive more than 5 year after the operation. Lin30 reported a 19.1% 5-year survival. When the hepatoma has ruptured and bleeding takes place, surgical treatment is obligatory to control the hemorrhage. Ninety-eight patients underwent a clinical trial of 5 categories: hepatic dearterialization, hepatic arterial cannulation and infusion of 5-FU, hepatic arterial ligation and portal venous infusion of 5-FU, radiotherapy and no treatment. The results show that the advantage of each form of treatment when compared with no treatment is marginal. Thus a gloomy picture of primary hepatoma is held. Since the operative mortality of hepatic resection for a solitary secondary carcinoma of the liver is negligible, it should be done in each instance because a long-term survival may be possible. This is especially true with primary carcinoma of the colon.
Curr Probl Cancer 1977 Dec
PMID:Techniques and therapies for primary and metastatic liver cancer. 8 19

1. Organ distribution of pepleomycin (NK631) in mice and rats was studied. NK631 was found at higher levels than bleomycin (BLM) in skin, lung, stomach, solid tumor, etc. in mice and rats. Furthermore NK631 was detected in the mesenteric and lumbar lymph node, esophagus and prostate in rats and also distributed at about twice as high levels as BLM in the AH109A hepatoma cell-metastasized lymph nodes. 2. For the elucidation of reason on low pulmonary toxicity of NK631 which is in spite of 1.5 times highly distribution in lung compared with BLM, inactivation of various BLMs by high molecular fraction of lung of mice and rats was determined. The order of inactivation rate of various BLMs in lung was as follows: BLM-M5196 greater than NK631 greater than BLM greater than BLM-HPE. There is an encouraging coincidence between index of pulmonary fibrosis in mice and inactivating rate in lung. 3. A comparative study on the serum level and urinary excretion of NK631 and BLM was performed in dogs. The blood level and urinary excretion rate of both drugs were almost similar. 4. The blood levels of NK631 were comparable to those of BLM in cancer patients.
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PMID:[Studies on organ distribution, absorption and excretion of pepleomycin sulfate (NK631) (author's transl)]. 8 11

Serum alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and beta 2 glycoprotein I concentrations were determined in 36 patients with malignant hepatocellularcarcinoma, 30 with cirrhosis and 35 with hepatitis by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. Serum alpha 1 antitrypsin and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein levels were significantly higher in patients with hepatocellularcarcinoma than in those with cirrhosis (p less than 0.001) or hepatitis (p less than 0.001). Elevated levels of alpha 1 antitrypsin were found in 88.9% of patients with hepatoma compared to 23.3% of patients with cirrhosis and 28.6% of patients with hepatitis. Raised levels of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein were also found in 80.6% of patients with hepatoma compared to 20% of patients with cirrhosis and in only 5.7% of patients with hepatitis. beta 2 glycoprotein I levels were similar in the three conditions and therefore not useful for differential diagnosis. In monitoring the progress of tumor growth alpha 1 antitrypsin and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein levels were found to increase during the growth phase. Measurements of these two glycoproteins are suggested for differential diagnosis of these liver diseases, as tumor markers for the detection of hepatocarcinoma, and for the monitoring of the progress during treatment.
Cancer 1979 Feb
PMID:Changes in serum alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha1 acid glycoprotein and beta 2 glycoprotein I in patients with malignant hepatocellular carcinoma. 8 7

With the aid of a simple silver-staining procedure, large numbers and unusual arrays of nucleolar argyrophilic granules were found in Novikoff hepatoma, KB, and HeLa cells. Some of these arrays consisted of linearly arranged discrete granules, and others were in two to three rows each containing three to five granules. Corresponding formations were not found in either the normal or regenerating liver nucleoli which contained an argyrophilic network in which the dark granules were apparently associated with the less dark argyrophilic fibrils of a reticulum. The nucleolar argyrophilic granules were readily identifiable in the separated daughter nuclei of the tumor cells in telophase, suggesting that the increased nucleolar activity of the G1 phase begins in these cells even before cell division has been completed.
Cancer Res 1979 Mar
PMID:Silver staining of nucleolar granules in tumor cells. 8 81

A double-antibody procedure has been developed for the isolation of alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP)-synthesizing polysomes from Morris hepatoma 7777. The polyadenylic acid-containing RNA, subsequently purified by differential sedimentation on sucrose gradient and oligodeoxythymidylic acid-cellulose chromatography, migrates as a single 21S component in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; in a cell-free translation system, it yields a peptide product immunoprecipitable by anti-rat AFP antiserum, but not by anti-rat albumin, and which migrates slightly faster than serum AFP on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea-polyacrylamide gels. This messenger RNA fraction was used for the synthesis of a radioactive complementary DNA. In hybridization assays, the complementary DNA reassociated with its purified template at a Cr0t1/2 [product of RNA concentration (mol of nucleotides per liter) X half-time (sec)] of 1.5 X 10(-2). By constitute 3,2, and less than 0.01% of total polyadenylic acid-containing polysomal RNA of Morris hepatoma 7777, 10-day-old-rat liver, and adult rat liver, respectively. The high specificity of the polysome immunoprecipitation system, the electrophoretic homogeneity of the isolated messenger RNA fraction, its selective translation into AFP, and the specificity of the hybridization probe indicate that the procedure described yields a highly purified rat AJP messenger RNA.
Cancer Res 1979 Jun
PMID:Isolation of rat alpha1-fetoprotein messenger RNA from Morris hepatoma 7777. 8 61

The capacity of continuous cell of XXIIa mouse hepatoma (strain MHXXIIa) to synthesize alpha-fetoprotein, albumin and transferrin was studied by immunoautoradiography. Albumin and transferrin were detected in the polyethylene glycol concentrated growth medium of hepatoma cells on the 5th year (the 55th month) of their cultivation. alpha-fetoprotein was not found. Only transferrin was revealed in the growth medium of hepa toma cells of the 8th year (the 92d month) of cultivation. Two clonal cultures obtained on the 8th year of hepatoma cell cultivation were also characterized by the ability to synthesize transferrin. The continuous mouse hepatoma cells retained their malignancy. The agar micro-precipitation reaction showed the presence of alpha-fetofetoprotein in lyfogel concentrated serum of mice with tumors formed after inoculation of the hepatoma cells of the 5th year of cultivation. However, alpha-fetoprotein was not detected in the serum of mice with tumors induced by inoculation of the hepatoma cells of the 8th year of cultivation.
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PMID:[Synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein, albumin and transferrin by long-term cultured cells of murine hepatoma]. 8 71

It has previously been shown that the tumour-specific antigen of the chemically-induced rat hepatoma D23 has determinants recognised by alloantisera raised against normal syngeneic liver and spleen. However, no reactions were observed with alloantisera raised against syngeneic erythrocytes suggesting that the alloantigeneic determinant responsible for this cross-reactivity is not a major serologically-defined histocompatibility antigen. This concept has been further examined using a defined turkey anti-rat beta 2 microglobulin antiserum. This antiserum failed to block the binding of syngeneic antihepatoma D23 sera to hepatoma D23 target cells as assessed using membrane immunofluorescence and complement-dependant 51Cr release tests. Furthermore, immune precipitates formed from soluble tumour extracts containing hepatoma D23 specific antigen with turkey anti-rat beta 2 microglobulin failed to generate a tumour-specific antibody response in syngeneic rats althouth a cross-reactive antiserum was produced following immunization of allogeneic rats with the immune precipitate.
Int J Cancer 1979 Jun 15
PMID:Tumour antigens and alloantigens. II. Lack of association of rat hepatoma-D23-specific antigen with beta 2 microglobulin. 8 2

The incidence of primary liver cell carcinoma was investigated in a prospective study over 6 yr and 5 mo in 403 clinically unselected patients derived from a homogeneous population by means of serial determination of alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) by radioimmunoassay. The diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was proved in 90% by laparoscopy and/or histology and/or autopsy. The incidence of primary liver cell carcinoma in liver cirrhosis in the clinically studied patients was 4.47%, significantly lower than in the autopsy material (11.03%; p less than or equal to 0.025). In the follow-up study, all patients with increasing AFP concentrations exhibited a primary liver cell carcinoma. A transitory rise of AFP (higher than 50 ng/ml) was observed in 15.1% of patients with liver cirrhosis without primary liver cell cancer. In contrast to the results of animal experiments, this transitory rise of AFP was not followed by malignant transformation of the cirrhotic tissue. Posthepatitic liver cirrhosis was observed in 21.57%, postalcoholic liver cirrhosis in 42.93%, and cryptogenic liver cirrhosis in 27.30%. Liver cirrhosis of other etiology occurred in 8.19%. The incidences of primary liver cell cancer in these 4 groups were 4.94, 4.62, 5.45, and 0%, respectively. These differences are not statistically significant, although in absolute figures postalcoholic liver cirrhosis is the main cause of primary liver cell carcinoma in this sample from West Germany. HBs antigen-positive liver cirrhosis was more often associated with primary liver cell cancer than HBs antigen-negative liver cirrhosis (6.58 versus 3.96%); this difference also is not statistically significant. Observations of larger groups of patients may show a higher risk of developing primary liver cell carcinoma in those with a combination of alcohol abuse and HBs antigenemia and/or acute hepatitis in the history. Patients without these 2 risk factors had an incidence of primary liver cell carcinoma of 2.61%; those with 1 risk factor, 5.77%; and those with both risk factors, 10.71%.
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PMID:Etiology of human liver cancer: controlled prospective study in liver cirrhosis. 8 98

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 89 healthy adult Chinese, 170 patients with histologically verified non-malignant liver diseases, and 14 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers with normal liver histology. In 97% of the healthy adults, AFP levels were under 20 ng/ml, which is then regarded as the normal upper limit. Cases with supranormally elevated AFP levels ranged from 15-51% in chronic hepatic disorders and were 33% in acute hepatitis. None of the healthy HBsAg carriers had abnormal AFP level. HBs antigenemia was found to be related to AFP elevation in chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and acute hepatitis but not in chronic persistent hepatitis and healthy HBsAg carriers. The correlation could be demonstrated only when the sensitive third generation test was employed to define seropositivity of HBsAg. Events after hepatic injury induced by hepatitis B virus, rather than the HBs antigenemia itself, are probably responsible for the association. Whether the association of HBsAg and elevated serum AFP in these nonmalignant hepatic disorders contributes to the higher risk of subsequent development of hepatocarcinoma in Taiwan is unknown and requires further long-term longitudinal study.
Cancer 1979 Sep
PMID:Relationship of hepatitis B surface antigen to serum alpha-fetoprotein in nonmalignant diseases of the liver. 8 92

The bilirubin-binding ability of human alpha-fetoproteins, which were purified from fetal cord serum and from ascites fluid of a hepatoma-bearing patient, was examined by the difference spectrum and the Jacobsen peroxidase methods. The difference spectrum observed as a result of the specific binding of bilirubin to alpha-fetoprotein had a maximum at 482 nm, and this pattern was quite similar to that observed for serum albumin. The result obtained by the difference spectrum method showed that 1 mol of each alpha-fetoprotein bound 1 mol of bilirubin at pH 8.3 and that the dissociation constants of the complexes of bilirubin with fetal alpha-fetoprotein and hepatoma-derived alpha-fetoprotein were 2.6 x 10(-7) and 5.0 x 10(-7) M, respectively. The Jacobsen enzymatic method using horseradish peroxidase gave the same values for molar binding ratios and similar dissociation constants, 7.1 x 10(-7) M for fetal alpha-fetoprotein and 7.4 x 10(-7) M for hepatoma-derived alpha-fetoprotein. These results indicate that alpha-fetoprotein may function as a carrier protein for bilirubin as has been shown for serum albumin.
Cancer Res 1979 Sep
PMID:alpha-Fetoprotein as a carrier protein in plasma and its bilirubin-binding ability. 8


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