Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hypothesis that Mallory body formation by hepatocytes is a sign of preneoplasia was tested. This hypothesis was based on animal experiments but has not been tested in man. The authors studied the livers of 181 human autopsies in which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was present and 82 cirrhotic livers from patients with alcoholism, HB viral infection, or cryptogenic cirrhosis. The frequency of Mallory bodies in nonneoplastic hepatocytes was 40% in the HCC-bearing livers with cirrhosis (LC). In HCC-bearing livers with pre-cirrhotic changes (PC), 25% showed Mallory body formation by nonneoplastic hepatocytes. In the cases of HCC, where there was no accompanying PC or LC, Mallory bodies were never found in the nonneoplastic hepatocytes. When the 82 cirrhotic livers without HCC and the 116 cirrhotic cases with HCC were combined, it was found that HCC was present in 70% of cirrhotic livers when the nonneoplastic liver cells contained Mallory bodies. When no Mallory bodies were found in the nonneoplastic liver cells, HCC was present in 53% of cases. The difference between the two groups was significant (P less than 0.05). The difference was significant for both HB viral hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis but not for alcoholic cirrhosis. Likewise, when nonneoplastic hepatocytes formed Mallory bodies in cirrhotic livers, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of HCC cells that formed Mallory bodies (P less than 0.01). When nonneoplastic hepatocytes occurred in groups of Mallory body forming cells, the hepatocellular features were atypical and characteristic of dysplastic cells. The evidence indicates that when Mallory body formation was observed in HBsAg-positive and cryptogenic cirrhotic livers, they were associated with an increased frequency of HCC formation in man.
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PMID:Is mallory body formation a preneoplastic change? A study of 181 cases of liver bearing hepatocellular carcinoma and 82 cases of cirrhosis. 298 33

In 70 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma without history of antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drugs, anabolic and contraceptive steroids, representative sections of nonneoplastic liver tissue were examined for the presence of etiological markers. Hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatocytes were found in 16 (22.8%), alpha-1-antitrypsin globules in 3 (4.2%), Mallory bodies in 9 (12.8%), acicular inclusions in 1 (1.4%), diffuse giant mitochondria in 2 (2.8%), copper-binding protein in 25 (35.7%), greater amount of hemosiderin in 9 (12.8%) cases. Thorotrast was not detected. One or more markers were seen in 38 (54.3%) cases, most frequently in association with liver cell dysplasia and alcoholism. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen in livers with dysplastic foci was highly significant as compared to organs showing no dysplasia. Only the mentioned antigen and the alpha-1-antitrypsin globules were found to indicate the etiology of the underlying liver lesion. The value of the other markers was found inconsistent in etiological diagnosis.
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PMID:The etiology of underlying liver lesions in 70 autopsied cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. 299 28

This is the first epidemiological study of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in the province of Bergamo, an area well-known to have a high incidence of HBsAg (9.1%) and chronic alcoholic liver disease. 72 cases of HCC (60 male, 12 female) al from the province of Bergamo and encountered in 1980-84 were subjected to an epidemiological case-control study. Analysis of the results confirmed the role of certain known Risk Factors (RF) with a prevalence of male sex (83.3%), age (mean age 63), association with live cirrhosis (79.2%) and HBsAg+ (31.9%). Such findings are in line with the Italian average found in previous studies. No difference between the sexes was found in these RF except for alcoholic abuse which was significantly higher in the males (53.3%, p less than 0.05). The case-control correlation analysis revealed no difference in the prevalence of alcohol addiction and previous HBV infection (HBV-Ab+) between the HCC (with or without cirrhosis) and the various control groups (Group A: patients with no liver pathology. Group B: patients with cirrhosis of the liver). HBsAg+ was significantly higher among HCC patients without cirrhosis (46.6%, p less than 0.001), but there was no significant difference between HCC + cirrhosis and cirrhosis alone (88%). The difference between "expected" and "observed" HCC-HBsAg+ was highly significant (p less than 0.001). The overall Relative Risk (RR) of HCC for the RF-HBsAg+ was 4.6. When divided into subgroups this gave: RR = 1 for patients with cirrhosis of the liver. RR = 11.5 for patients with no liver pathology. These data confirm the importance of current HBV infection (HBsAg+), in the province, though the presence or absence of cirrhosis probably influences its significance. The approximate incidence of HCC is 9.7%/100,000/year. Considering the limitations of data on a small monocentric study in a limited area (USSL no. 30) the figure is probably underestimated and the real incidence probably higher.
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PMID:[Primary hepatocarcinoma. Epidemiologic case-control study in the province of Bergamo]. 300 20

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more prevalent in males than it is in females, which has often been explained by the fact that alcoholism and chronic hepatitis B virus infection are more prevalent among males. The current studies, using biochemical and autoradiographic methods, verified that HCC contains higher concentrations of androgen receptors than the surrounding liver parenchyma and that extrinsically given testosterone are actively taken up by such tumors. These results may suggest that HCC is an androgen-dependent tumor and that, therefore, this tumor is more prevalent in males than it is in females.
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PMID:Active uptake of testosterone by androgen receptors of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. 300 76

From January 1, 1975 to July 1, 1984, 37 patients with a tentative diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma on cirrhosis were operated upon. There were 34 men and 3 women, aged from 32 to 82 years (mean: 60 years). The diagnosis of cirrhosis rested either on a history of liver failure associated with clinical and biochemical signs of hepatocellular dysfunction (4 cases), or on a positive liver biopsy (5 cases). In 20 cases the diagnosis was suspected on account of abnormal liver function tests, but in 8 patients it was revealed by macroscopic examination of the liver during surgery. Cirrhosis was attributed to chronic alcoholism in 25 cases, haemochromatosis in 11 cases and positive HBs antigen in 7 cases. The diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma, suggested by altered general condition or recent pain, rested on the finding of a tumoral image at scintigraphy (16 cases), ultrasonography (19 cases), computed tomography (7 cases), arteriography (17 cases) or laparoscopy (7 cases). In only 7/32 patients was the alpha-foetoprotein level higher than 500 ng/l. Surgery confirmed the diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma in every case but that of cirrhosis in only 14/37 cases; 10 patients had lesion of hepatic fibrosis and 1 had regenerative nodular hyperplasia. In 10 cases no accurate histological diagnosis could be made since the liver tissue sample had been taken too close to the tumour. The finding of normal liver tissue shows that one should not refrain from operating merely because the diagnosis of cirrhosis rests on clinical grounds. Since 1979, surgical treatment consists in an attempt to excise the tumour. Per-operative mortality is the same with excision surgery (21%) as with exploratory or palliative surgery (17%). Fourteen excisions were performed (i.e. aresectability rate of 38% for the series): 2 liver transplantations, 2 right hepatectomies, 2 left hepatectomies, 2 left lobectomies, 2 bisegmentectomies and 3 tumorectomies. The survival rate of 2 years was 27%, as opposed to 5% with exploratory or palliative surgery. Systematic monitoring of cirrhosis with ultrasonography should result in early diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma at a stage where limited hepatic excision is possible and the chances of surviving are highest.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of hepatoma on a cirrhotic liver]. 302 88

The cancers consistently associated with ingestion of alcohol, the head and neck cancers, are also associated with tobacco use and arise from epithelia that are in direct contact with both agents. Tobacco smoking-related cancers at sites not directly in contact with alcoholic beverages, that is, lung, bladder, and perhaps pancreas, do not consistently show a relationship to alcohol consumption, although lung and pancreatic tumors are associated in some studies. Liver cancer was thought to be strongly related to alcohol consumption on epidemiological grounds and because of its relationship to cirrhosis. As knowledge of the viral etiology of some cirrhoses has evolved and as methods to detect viruses have developed, the significant association between hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma has become clear. Alcohol and hepatitis B virus may interact in the etiology of the disease and have important separate roles as well. There are epidemiologic and experimental data showing that malnutrition (resulting from poor food choice), economic deprivation, or alcoholism contributes to the risk for head, neck, and liver cancers. Colon cancers occur about equally in men and women, are found in well-nourished populations, and are not associated with tobacco smoking. Rectal cancers show a preponderance of cases in men but are frequently found in women as well and are not thought to be associated with smoking or malnutrition. The association between colorectal cancers and alcohol consumption, when it is found, apparently occurs at even relatively low alcohol intakes and is often stronger for consumption of beer than of other beverages. Nutritional and metabolic mechanisms proposed for the influence of alcohol on carcinogenesis are supported by studies in human subjects and laboratory animals. Animal models are needed in which effects of ethanol on carcinogenesis can be consistently demonstrated and which can then be used to examine mechanisms.
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PMID:Alcohol and cancer. 303 1

An improved treatment method for hepatic malignancies with yttrium-90 incorporated into the matrix of glass microspheres was evaluated prospectively. Fifteen patients with 12 metastatic colorectal cancers, one carcinoid, one islet cell tumor, and one hepatoma were treated with three dose levels: 5,000 cGy (5,000 rad), ten patients; 7,500 cGy (7,500 rad), three patients; and 10,000 cGy (10,000 rad), two patients. Mean follow-up was 7 months (range, 2-12 months). Stable disease in the liver was seen in ten patients, four of whom had concurrent progression of extrahepatic disease, which resulted in two deaths. Two additional deaths were not directly related to the malignant process. Progression of liver disease was found in five patients, with three deaths occurring at 7-8 months. No procedural, hematologic, or pulmonary complications occurred. Late gastroduodenal ulceration occurred at 6-8 weeks in three patients who had histories of chronic alcohol abuse. This method of therapy seems to be feasible and efficient. Caution is necessary with high doses or with patients with a history of or predisposition to gastroduodenal ulcers.
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PMID:Hepatic malignancies: improved treatment with intraarterial Y-90. 317 78

Some environmental factors of possible aetiological importance for primary liver carcinoma (PLC) in males were analysed in a case-control study including 83 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 15 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (CC), 3 cases of haemangiosarcoma and 1 case of unspecified sarcoma in the liver--102 cases in total. Two matched controls were used in each case. One case with haemangiosarcoma was exposed to polyvinyl chloride. The case with unspecified soft-tissue sarcoma was exposed to phenoxy acids. A 4-fold increase in the risk of HCC was seen in alcoholics, and regular drinking gave a 3-fold increase in the risk. Exposure to organic solvents gave a 2-fold increase in the risk of HCC. No increased risk was observed for cases exposed to various other chemicals. Three cases of HCC had a previous diagnosis of porphyria acuta intermittens (PAI), versus no control. Six cases of HCC had a previous diagnosis of porphyria acuta intermittens (PAI), versus no control. Six cases with PLC had polyphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) which in 4 cases was related to alcoholism and in one case to haemochromatosis.
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PMID:Aetiological aspects on primary liver cancer with special regard to alcohol, organic solvents and acute intermittent porphyria--an epidemiological investigation. 608 69

Ceftizoxime (CZX), a parenteral cephalosporin derivative belonging to the so-called third generation cephalosporin is reported to have a broad antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobes, such as Bacteroides fragilis and a good stability to beta-lactamases. Clinical study was performed on a total of 20 cases, 9 females (1 case had urinary tract infection 3 times) and 11 males, aged from 27 to 82 years. All patients had the underlying diseases. They were bronchial asthma in 3 cases, influenza in 1, chronic pulmonary emphysema in 1, pulmonary fibrosis in 1, chronic bronchitis with strongyloidiasis in 1, lung cancer in 3, esophagus cancer in 2, stomach cancer in 1, hepatoma with urolithiasis in 1, liver cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus in 1, alcoholism with strongyloidiasis in 1, cholelithiasis in 1 and congestive heart failure in 1, respectively. Clinical diagnoses for infections were 2-acute bronchitis, 2-exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 2-broncho-pneumonia, 2-pneumonia including one suspected case, 1-obstructive pneumonia, 2-secondary pulmonary infection, 1-pulmonary infection, 3-urinary tract infection (UTI), 1-UTI with sepsis, 1-sepsis, 1-sepsis with purulent meningitis, 1-biliary tract infection and 1-infected bronchoesophageal fistula. CZX was given by intravenous drip infusion, at a dose of 1 to 2 g, twice daily for 3 to 15 days. Because of severity in infections and underlying diseases, some cases were treated either steroid, gamma-globulin preparations or other antibiotics in combination with CZX. Twelve out of 15 cases assessed clinically responded satisfactorily to the treatment and efficacy rate was 80.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effectiveness of ceftizoxime on various infections in patients with underlying diseases]. 609 Jul 23

The conversion of alcoholic hepatitis into cirrhosis and the eventual development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been documented by serial biopsies in patients with uncomplicated alcoholism. Ethanol toxicity, nutritional deficiency and immunological abnormalities in a genetically predisposed individual appear to account for this sequence which can be accelerated by the hepatitis B virus and other noxious agents. Immune deficiency in malnourished alcoholics with liver disease diminishes response to the hepatitis B vaccine and may contribute to the development of HCC. Antigenic moieties in Mallory bodies appear to contribute directly to cytotoxicity and fibrosis in alcoholics, and may act like proto-oncogens. Available Mallory-body-specific monoclonal antibodies will hopefully facilitate diagnosis and treatment. Studies of DNA and collagen synthesis by in vitro perfusion of percutaneous liver biopsies provide information on precursor lesions of HCC. Abstinence, nutrient therapy and drug-induced anabolism lead to repair of liver damage and correction of immunological abnormalities, both of which may contribute to development of HCC in alcoholics with cirrhosis.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in the alcoholic. 610 Feb 66


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