Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnostic findings of hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia became more frequent in the last years in our as in western experience. The improvement in diagnostic technique, a correct pathological identification and the diffusion of oral contraceptives explain this increase of incidence. In our series were present 11 hepatocellular adenomas and 19 focal nodular hyperplasias: all the HCA cases were radically resected, while only 15 FNH were resected, only two biopsied and two submitted to periodical follow-up. The tendency to spontaneous bleeding and the presence of diagnostic uncertainty versus well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma are mandatory indications for radical resections in all the HCA cases. FNH resection is reserved to symptomatic cases and wide wedge biopsy is at least required in presence of diagnostic doubts: the asymptomatic FNH ("hot spot" on Tc99m-HIDA scintigraphy) may be followed-up only.
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PMID:[Hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia]. 256 31

The role of oral contraceptives (OCs) in liver cell carcinoma remains controversial, although OCs, anabolic-androgenic steroids, and thorium dioxide are the best known causative agents of liver tumors in medical practice. The magnitude of the risk of liver cell adenoma in OC users is yet to be defined, but is considered to be dose- and time-dependent. The annual incidence rate in the US is estimated at 3.4/100,000 OC users, or 288 cases of liver cell adenoma/year. The epidemiological evidence has failed to confirm any association between OC use and focal nodular hyperplasia. The few studies that have collected data on liver cell carcinoma have neither confirmed nor refuted an association with OC use, although intraperitoneal hemorrhage seems to be a more common complication of liver cancer in OC users. Case-control studies have alleged a relative risk for developing liver cell carcinoma in OC users of 7.2-20.1; however, there is general agreement that the risk is low. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are the major cause of peliosis, but liver cell tumors induced by these agents tend to be adenomas rather than carcinomas. Even though the risk of liver tumors seems to be low in OC users, the effect of sex steroids on liver vasculature deserves serious attention since the major complication of liver tumors is rupture. For this reason, liver tumors in users of sex steroids should be removed whenever feasible.
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PMID:Liver tumours. 284 89

A series of 54 liver biopsy specimens was studied by means of the argyrophil (AgNOR) technique for nucleolar organiser region (NOR)-associated proteins. These included normal livers and livers affected by chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoma. Four of the cases of cirrhosis showed liver cell dysplasia. The mean numbers of NOR sites in normal, cirrhotic, and carcinomatous livers were significantly different: adenoma had similar mean counts to those in chronic active hepatitis (CAH). There was no overlap between the ranges of NOR counts in normal, cirrhotic, and malignant liver specimens. Where cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were present in the same specimen, the AgNOR counts were higher in the carcinomatous than cirrhotic areas. To investigate the prospective value of the method a further seven biopsy specimens were studied; in these it had not been possible to decide on a diagnosis between normality and cirrhosis or cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In all seven specimens a repeat biopsy or necropsy gave results as predicted by AgNOR staining. It is therefore proposed that quantitation of staining for NOR-associated proteins is a diagnostically useful method in liver disease.
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PMID:Nucleolar organiser regions in normal, cirrhotic, and carcinomatous livers. 284 58

Danazol, an inhibitor of pituitary gonadotropin, has been proposed in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report the case of a female patient with SLE in whom a hepatocellular carcinoma was discovered after 4 years of treatment with danazol. Except for 3 days of hypochondrium pain, there were neither clinical signs of liver tumor nor biological abnormalities. An ultrasonography showed 2 tumors of the liver. At histological examination after surgery, one of the tumors was found to be a benign adenoma, while the other was a well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. When longterm danazol therapy is required, ultrasonography may be useful for early tumor detection.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma after danazol therapy. 284 45

The results of Tc-99m-PMT imaging on 100 patients with various malignant and benign hepatic diseases verified histologically (73 hepatocellular carcinoma, 3 liver cell adenoma, 1 cholangiocarcinoma, 5 metastatic liver carcinoma, 2 liver cyst, 12 hemangioma, 1 fatty degeneration, 1 liver regeneration, 1 postoperative liver fibrosis and 1 liver cirrhosis) are reported. All lesions appeared as decreased radioactivity or "cold" defect region on early Tc-99m-PMT imaging, rendering it valuable for the diagnosis of tumor localization. In 92 (95.8%) of the 96 patients with various hepatic tumors and 25 (86.2%) of the 29 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (less than 5 cm), the tumors were localized by early Tc-99m-PMT imaging. In 14 of the 73 patients with established hepatocellular carcinoma, the tumors gave greater radioactivity than that of the surrounding liver tissues, whereas in 31 patients the radioactivity of the tumor equalled the normal liver on delayed Tc-99m-PMT imaging (positive rate 61.6%). There was no significant difference between the positive rates of serum AFP level and the tumor size shown by delayed Tc-99m-PMT imaging in hepatocellular carcinomas. The radioactivity in 3 liver cell adenoma patients was similar to the gallbladder. No false positive result was seen in the other malignant and benign hepatic tumors. This study indicates that delayed Tc-99m-PMT imaging is highly specific in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:[Delayed Tc-99m-PMT imaging in the specific diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 285 79

The livers of 16 woodchucks with naturally acquired chronic infection with woodchuck hepatitis virus were examined both grossly and histologically in 14 biopsy specimens and seven necropsy specimens. Fifteen woodchucks had lesions characteristic of chronic hepatitis; ten of these had chronic active hepatitis, four had chronic persistent hepatitis, and one had cirrhosis with nodular regeneration. In one woodchuck there was massive hepatic necrosis attributed to infection with an unclassified protozoan. Thirteen woodchucks had primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Metastasis to the lung was observed in only one woodchuck. These results were compared to liver lesions in 149 woodchuck hepatitis virus-negative woodchucks. Chronic hepatitis comparable to that associated with woodchuck hepatitis virus infection was not observed in woodchuck hepatitis virus-negative woodchucks although in one, a single, small hepatocellular adenoma was found.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated with persistent woodchuck hepatitis virus infection. 299 74

MAMBNA is a new N-nitroso compound isolated from Fusarium moniliforme-inoculated corn meal. In the present studies the carcinogenicity of MAMBNA is shown by the induction of forestomach carcinomas and liver tumors in mice and rats following the gastric intubation of this compound. Among 42 mice of Kunming (KM) stock treated with MAMBNA (10-20 mg/week), 22 showed epithelial hyperplasia of the esophagus, 29 papillomas and 4 squamous carcinomas in the forestomach, and there were 6 liver adenomas and 3 hepatomas. One mouse had forestomach carcinoma and carcinoma in the liver. Most tumors developed in mice receiving the treatment for 136-317 days, with a total dose of 210-670 mg (Table 1). No tumor was found in 12 controls observed for 239-357 days. In the experiment with 29 Wistar strain rats, administration of MAMBNA (20-120 mg/week) resulted in 11 epithelial hyperplasias in the lower esophagus, 14 atypical hyperplasias and papillomas, and 11 squamous carcinomas in the forestomach. The earliest forestomach carcinoma appeared in a rat treated for 454 days, receiving 4480 mg of MAMBNA, and the other 10 carcinomas occurred in animals treated for 518-640 days. Hyperplasia of liver cells was noted in 4 rats and liver adenoma in 7 and hepatocellular carcinoma in 8. Most hepatomas developed in rats treated for 480-640 days, and 5 rats had both forestomach carcinoma and hepatoma (Table 2). In 11 untreated rats observed for 411-644 days only one forestomach papilloma was noted.
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PMID:[Forestomach carcinoma and hepatoma induced in mice and rats by N-3-methylbutyl-N-1-methylacetonylnitrosamine (MAMBNA)]. 300 54

The tumorigenesis and cystic lesion by a single intraperitoneal administration (ip) of N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) for 52 weeks were studied in ddY mice. The amount of DHPN was 1000 mg/kg in group I, 500 mg/kg in group II, 250 mg/kg in group III, 125 mg/kg in group IV and 0 mg/kg in group V. The tumorigenesis of DHPN was found in the lung and liver. However, cystic lesion was observed only in the liver. Lung tumors were adenoma, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. As liver tumors, adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangioma and hemangioma were observed only in the mice treated with DHPN. Incidence of cystic lesion in the liver was detected in all groups treated with DHPN. Histologically, cystic lesion of the liver showed four patterns of bile duct-like, sinusoid-like, hepatocyte-like and mixed.
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PMID:Tumorigenesis and cystic lesion of the liver by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine in ddY mice. 300 72

Sinusoids ultrastructure was studied in a case of hepatocellular carcinoma developed in the non cirrhotic liver of a 40-year-old man. The surgical biopsy was perfusion-fixed with 1.5% glutaraldehyde. The number of Kupffer cells was very low. Endothelial cells with signs of hyperactivity were very irregular; digitations were often attached by numerous well identified junctional complexes to their own cell processes or to adjacent cell processes. Perisinusoidal cells without lipids resembled fibro-myofibroblasts. Discontinuous basement membranes underlaid endothelial cells and perisinusoidal cells. In addition numerous strands of short basement membranes segments were seen in the Disse space. Well organized bundles of collagen were not seen. The sinusoidal membranes of hepatocytes were flattened. The perfusion-fixation revealed to be a very useful technique in the identification of all these changes which have also been reported to some degree in benign liver cell adenoma and in cirrhosis; these two conditions are known to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Sinusoids ultrastructure of human hepatocellular carcinoma. 300 74

This discussion outlines the different liver tumors described in association with the use of oral contraceptives (OCs). The relationship between hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) and OC was the first to be demonstrated, and this association now is firmly established. A relationship exists between the duration of intake of OC and the incidence of tumors. Moreover, the potency of the OC prescriptions influences the risk of tumor. In older patients this relationship with the duration of OC intake is less clear, but the frequency of the tumor is higher. Several reports of spontaneous regression of HCA after withdrawal of OC use have been published, but this regression is not always observed. If OC use is continued or the patient becomes pregnant, a greatly increased risk for complications such as bleeding and rupture of the tumor has been observed. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is diagnosed with increasing frequency in both males and females. Most females are using OC when the tumor is diagnosed. FNH also is found in males and in children not using hormonal drugs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare in the young age group. The association with OC is documented only by case reports, and large series are not published. The claimed transition of FNH or HCA to HCC is not firmly established. The incidence of HCC did not significantly increase after the introduction of OC. The association between the duration of intake of OC and HCA is not found for HCC. Often the fibrolammellar type of HCC is found in OC users. Recently, it was shown that fibrolammellar HCC is the predominant type of HCC in young women, irrespective of the intake of OC.
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PMID:Liver tumours associated with contraceptive hormonal treatment. 300 86


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