Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The risk of contracting neoplastic liver disease after taking synthetic sex hormones, either estrogens or androgens, is discussed. Since the 1st reports that oral contraceptives were associated with liver neoplasms in the 1970s, tests on laboratory animals have suggested that sex steroids act as promoters of hepatocarcinogenesis in suitably initiated animals, and that some hormones act as weak complete carcinogens in certain lab hosts. It is known that oral contraceptives induce benign hepatic adenoma: hundreds of cases have been reported. These adenomas regress when women stop taking orals. The possible progression to malignant lesions is difficult to assess. Although a 1982 case review of women with hepatocellular carcinoma concluded that the association was a coincidence, 2 more recent epidemiological studies have proposed that there is a possible link between pills and hepatocarcinoma as well as cholangiosarcoma. In favor of the association is the finding that the histopathology of carcinoma in pill users differs from that in nonusers. Arguing against a causative role is the fact that natural cyclic estrogen levels are much higher than those found in pill users. Overall, the risk of developing liver cancer is far lower than the risk of other serious consequences of pill use, for example thromboembolism, and must be judged in the context of the many protective effects of the pill. The estrogen DES or diethylstilbestrol is no longer being used, but cases of clear-cell adenocarcinoma are still appearing in the daughters of its users. Anabolic androgens, prescribed therapeutically or abused, are known to cause liver neoplasms, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma, but also adenomas, focal nodular hyperplasia, cholangiosarcoma and angiosarcoma. The legitimate use of these steroids is on a much smaller scale, and for short periods of time, compared to oral contraceptives, so the causative role of androgens in neoplasia is less well known. With any of these drugs, especially in areas where potential cancer initiators such as oncogenes or viruses are endemic, careful screening is vital for safe use.
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PMID:Risk factors associated with the use of sex hormones. 282 3

DU-PAN-2 is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein defined by a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) elicited against a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. This MAb recognizes an oncofetal antigen present on the surface of normal pancreatic and bile-duct epithelium, normal bronchus epithelium, and some adenocarcinomas. Elevated levels of the antigen (greater than 400 U/ml) have been detected in the serum of 79% of patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and in a small percentage of patients with other adenocarcinomas, by means of a competition radioimmunoassay. Here, we have studied DU-PAN-2 antigen levels in sera of patients with a spectrum of hepatobiliary diseases and controls. Serum DU-PAN-2 antigen was elevated in 59% of 112 patients with non-malignant hepatobiliary diseases and in 50% of hepatoma patients. None of 50 healthy controls had elevated serum DU-PAN-2 levels. Patients in every category of hepatobiliary disease studied had elevated median serum DU-PAN-2 levels; the highest median levels were seen in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (1,296 U/ml) and the lowest in stable cirrhosis (300 U/ml). Elevated serum DU-PAN-2 levels in one patient with primary biliary cirrhosis and in one patient with hepatoma returned to normal following liver transplantation. Serum DU-PAN-2 levels did not correlate well with alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, bilirubin, or alpha-fetoprotein. Using an immunoperoxidase technique on formalin-fixed, deparaffinized liver sections, we showed that DU-PAN-2 MAb reacted heterogeneously with bile-duct epithelium but never stained hepatocytes or hepatoma cells. While serum DU-PAN-2 levels may be useful in detecting and monitoring pancreatic adenocarcinoma, they are not specific for this disease.
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PMID:Detection of an oncofetal antigen (DU-PAN-2) in sera of patients with non-malignant hepatobiliary diseases and hepatomas. 283 18

Cold adaptation, apparent protein metabolism, life span, body and organ weights, organ indices, mitochondrial changes in the lymphocytes, and frequency of diseases were examined in 661 (untreated) inbred CBA/Ca male mice. The rectal temperature proved to be lower in aged mice, i.e. the rectal temperature of old animals immediately after cold exposure was more distinctly decreased than that of young ones. The apparent protein metabolism measured by 75Se-selenomethionine turnover showed that biological half-life (T 1/2) values in the aged are almost linearly elevated. In very old animals the values are decreased. Body weight decreased significantly and continuously, spleen and liver indices decreased and heart index increased with age in healthy animals. The number of diseased animals increased with age peaking at the age of 751-900 days. After 900 days the number of diseased animals decreased. The most frequent diseases in the old animals are: hepatocellular carcinoma, amyloidosis and pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The mitochondria of spleen lymphocytes showed degenerative changes not associated with diseases, thus they can be considered as age-related biological changes.
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PMID:Biological changes and diseases in aged CBA/Ca mice. 283 95

The metabolism of the tropine indole-3-carboxylate ICS 205-930 (ICS), a highly potent and selective antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors, was investigated in continuous cell lines derived from rat or human liver and compared to the in vivo metabolism in rat and human. The well-differentiated rat hepatoma line 2sFou extensively metabolized ICS by hydroxylation of the indole moiety and subsequent conjugation to form the corresponding glucuronides and sulfates. The 2sFou cells also oxidized ICS at the tropinyl moiety to form both N-demethyl and N-oxide derivatives. The relative amount of the various metabolites was dependent on the substrate concentration. Pretreatment of the cells with dexamethasone increased the rate of metabolism for all pathways, while benz[a]anthracene caused an increase in hydroxylation at the indole moiety at the expense of N-oxidation. Phenobarbital pretreatment had no effect on ICS metabolism. The pattern of metabolites formed in 2sFou cells was qualitatively similar to that formed in rat urine. The human hepatoma line HepG2 metabolized ICS only to a small extent. The HepG2 cells failed to form detectable amounts of ICS conjugates found in human urine. The N-oxide-ICS was not found in HepG2 cells or in human urine. Virtually no ICS metabolites were found in human lung adenocarcinoma lines NCI-H358 or NCI-H322. The results suggest that continuous cell lines such as the differentiated rat hepatoma cells 2sFou might be used to mimic the metabolism of xenobiotics in rat and to clarify their complex metabolic pathways.
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PMID:Metabolism of the tropine indole-3-carboxylate ICS 205-930 by differentiated rat and human hepatoma cells. 285 46

Long-term culture of primary hepatocytes derived from normal young male C3H/HeNJclMTV+ (C3H) and C57BL/6NJcl (C57) mice, respectively known for very high and low incidences of spontaneous hepatoma, resulted in development of multiple slowly growing epithelial colonies in the C3H case, the number of colonies being increased five-fold when 1.5 mM phenobarbital was added to the culture medium. On the other hand, the primary culture cells from C57 mouse liver gave rise to such epithelial colonies only very rarely, even with phenobarbital. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed alpha-fetoprotein and/or albumin production by the colony cells and ultrastructural analysis also revealed some hepatocytic features in them. Subculturing of individual colonies gave rise to cell lines which could be repeatedly passaged. Two of five lines implanted into athymic nude mice manifested tumorigenicity, the resultant neoplasms being diagnosed as a trabecular hepatocellular carcinoma and an adenocarcinoma. The experimental data suggest that the colony-forming immortal epithelial cells possibly represent early phase precursors of spontaneous mouse hepatocellular carcinomas. This culture system is expected to be useful for future elucidation of the mechanisms underlying spontaneous mouse hepatocarcinogenesis.
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PMID:Immortal epithelial cells of normal C3H mouse liver in culture: possible precursor populations for spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma. 291 Apr 58

Since both the liver and lung are derived from the endoderm, common antigens may appear on both tissues during malignant transformation. In an attempt to delineate cell surface alterations associated with the neoplastic transformation of these tissues, we have produced a library of monoclonal antibodies against a human hepatoma cell line termed FOCUS. One of these monoclonal antibodies, designated AF-10, recognized an antigen preferentially expressed on human lung adenocarcinoma cells, both in vitro and in vivo. This antigen has been characterized using Western immunoblot analysis and immunoprecipitation from surface-iodinated or metabolically labeled cells. The mature antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein with a core polypeptide with a molecular weight of 75,000 bearing N-glycosylation units. This protein migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 100,000-115,000 in reducing conditions and Mr 115,000-130,000 in nonreducing conditions. The epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody AF-10 is borne by the core protein. This antigen is shed from the cell surface and was identified in the culture supernatant from lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Studies of the biodistribution of the AF-10 antigen showed that it was also expressed at low levels in normal human small intestine and kidney. The AF-10 monoclonal antibody may be useful for the study of the antigen expression between normal lung and the transformed phenotype.
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PMID:Characterization of a malignant phenotype-associated cell surface glycoprotein common to various human tumor cells and preferentially expressed on adenocarcinoma of the lung. 292 92

Chalone-like proteoglycans (PG) have been isolated from 22a hepatoma, spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland of C3H/He mice and from transplanted X-ray-induced lymphoma in C57Bl mice. It has been found that the biological activity of these PG was considerably weaker than that of PG taken from the liver, mammary gland and spleen of cattle. PG from 22a hepatoma produced a weaker tissue-specific antimitotic effect as against PG from the liver when acting on the liver cells of 6-day C57Bl mice, while the lymphoma PG under these conditions was ineffective. PG from the liver and mammary gland inhibited the growth of certain transplanted tumours in vitro. The lymphoma PG has stimulated the tumour growth.
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PMID:[Antitumor effectiveness of chalone-like proteoglycans isolated from normal and tumor tissues]. 296 4

During a prospective, 24-mo case-controlled study, 551 patients from northeastern Thailand were independently evaluated for Opisthorchis viverrini infection, hepatobiliary tract disease, and hepatic carcinoma to determine whether there was any association between hepatic carcinoma and O. viverrini infection. Stool examination by the formalin-ether concentration method revealed O. viverrini ova in 389 (70.6%) patients. Of the 551 patients, 72 (13.1%) had both clinical and laboratory evidence of hepatobiliary tract disease, chronic liver disease, or hepatic carcinoma, alone or in combination. Of these 72 patients, 28 (38.9%) had a liver biopsy that revealed cholangiocarcinoma in 7 patients with O. viverrini ova in their stools, and in 4 patients without. In another patient with ova in the stool combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma was found. In the 4 patients with cholangiocarcinoma who had no O. viverrini ova in their stools, ova were detected in the bile fluid aspirated from the intrahepatic biliary tree during exploratory laparotomy. An additional patient with clinically suspected cholangiocarcinoma and O. viverrini ova in stool had a left supraclavicular lymph node biopsy specimen taken that revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma; this adenocarcinoma was interpreted as compatible with cholangiocarcinoma. Cholangiocarcinoma, therefore, was found only in patients with O. viverrini ova in stool or in the intrahepatic biliary tree. Statistical analysis revealed that patients with known O. viverrini infection had a higher incidence of cholangiocarcinoma than did patients without such infection (X2 test, p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Opisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma. A prospective, case-controlled study. 298 71

Secondary or "pseudo" achalasia of the esophagus can mimic idiopathic achalasia radiographically and can be difficult to diagnose. Typically, it is due to invasive carcinoma involving the gastroesophageal junction, usually gastric adenocarcinoma. Occasionally, an achalasialike condition can be produced by tumors not involving the gastroesophageal junction. We report 2 cases, 1 of lung carcinoma and the other of hepatoma, in which the patients had radiographic and endoscopic changes compatible with achalasia. However, the onset of symptoms was abrupt and the patients were elderly; these are unusual features for primary achalasia. There have been several other reports of nongastrointestinal neoplasms producing a clinical and radiographic picture similar to achalasia. Although there are several theories as to the cause, our cases would support the concept that direct tumor involvement of the gastroesophageal junction is not necessary to produce significant esophageal dysmotility.
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PMID:Achalasia secondary to nongastrointestinal malignancies. 299 89

The tumorigenesis and cystic lesion by a single intraperitoneal administration (ip) of N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) for 52 weeks were studied in ddY mice. The amount of DHPN was 1000 mg/kg in group I, 500 mg/kg in group II, 250 mg/kg in group III, 125 mg/kg in group IV and 0 mg/kg in group V. The tumorigenesis of DHPN was found in the lung and liver. However, cystic lesion was observed only in the liver. Lung tumors were adenoma, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. As liver tumors, adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangioma and hemangioma were observed only in the mice treated with DHPN. Incidence of cystic lesion in the liver was detected in all groups treated with DHPN. Histologically, cystic lesion of the liver showed four patterns of bile duct-like, sinusoid-like, hepatocyte-like and mixed.
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PMID:Tumorigenesis and cystic lesion of the liver by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine in ddY mice. 300 72


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