Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five gastric adenocarcinomas and their metastatic nodules in the liver with high serum AFP levels were examined by histologic and immunohistochemical methods. The examination revealed that AFP-producing stomach cancers were poorly differentiated carcinoma cells, especially with medullary arrangements, or pleomorphic or multinucleated giant cells. Well-differentiated papillotubular adenocarcinoma tissues on the glandular epithelium were not stained with anti-AFP. One out of the five AFP-producing adenocarcinomas with medullary patterns resembled liver cell carcinoma on light microscopy. However, an ultrastructural study showed tumor cells of the intestinal type, since the cells possessed a ductal lumina with abundant microvilli and a secretory granules. The findings suggest that the tumor cells differentiated in an intestinal direction rather than hepatic direction. In addition, we noted three simultaneously CEA-positive cases out of five AFP-producing gastric carcinomas. CEA was strongly stained in well differentiated adenocarcinoma tissues in the glandular epithelium or in areas of medullary type carcinoma invasion. However, CEA was not detected in undifferentiated carcinoma cells.
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PMID:Histologic and immunohistochemical studies of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric carcinoma. 244 85

Reported here is a 38-year-old woman who had a gastric cancer accompanied with liver metastasis. Abnormal serum levels of a carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and an alkaline phosphatase isozyme were observed persistently after a gastrectomy. The properties of this alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme were identical to a hepatoma alkaline phosphatase type. Histologic findings of the stomach revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient died on the 180th postoperative day.
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PMID:[Carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and hepatoma alkaline phosphatase in gastric carcinoma]. 245 Feb 13

Four murine MoAbs, KM191(IgM), KM206(IgM), KM230(IgG1) and KM231(IgG1), against human gastric cancer were generated using mice which underwent tolerance treatment to stomach tissues. They exhibited very similar high reactivities to stomach adenocarcinoma cells and low reactivities to normal cells in both membrane binding assay and immunohistochemical analysis. Their antigens were neuraminidase and protease sensitive and existed as macromolecules (1,000Kd) in body fluids. Binding of each antibody was inhibited by the others and KM231 showed the highest binding avidity. When they were used to detect the antigens shed in ascitic fluids and pleural effusions of cancer patients, KM231 allowed the most efficient detection of the antigen. The above results indicated that the four MoAbs bound to closely related epitopes on the same antigen and that the nature of its high binding avidity enabled KM231 to show the greatest efficiency in the detection of the antigen in body fluids. KM231 was applied to serum diagnosis and gave high positive percentages in pancreatic cancer(86%), hepatocarcinoma(87%), gall bladder cancer(50%), and gastric cancer(34%), whereas in healthy persons (0%) and benign diseases except for hepatitis(29%) the percentages were low. KM231 was similar to NS19-9, but quite different from NS19-9 in the high positive percentages of hepatocarcinoma in serum diagnosis.
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PMID:Comparative studies on monoclonal antibodies raised against human gastric cancer for application to serum diagnosis of cancer. 245 69

We have produced a monoclonal antibody (SF-25) against a human hepatoma cell line (FOCUS) that strongly reacts with an antigen shared by all six colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. This cell surface antigen was uniformly expressed in all 17 human adenocarcinomas of the colon obtained at surgery but not on the normal adjacent mucosa counterpart. Other normal tissues were negative except for a population of cells in the distal tubule of the kidney as shown by immunoperoxidase staining and direct binding to membrane preparations. Binding of this Mr 125,000 antigen to antibody is disrupted by detergents, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and paraformaldehyde fixation but not by treatment of FOCUS cells with trypsin. The SF-25 antibody when labeled with 125I shows a striking capacity by both biodistribution and nuclear imaging studies to localize human colon adenocarcinoma grown as solid tumors in nude mice. SF-25 may be useful in distinguishing between normal colon and the transformed phenotype.
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PMID:In vivo localization of human colon adenocarcinoma by monoclonal antibody binding to a highly expressed cell surface antigen. 246 Feb 25

This case concerns a 61-year-old man who had been determined as having rt-hypochondrialgia. The plasma AFP was found to have increased and an abdominal-CT revealed multiple low density areas in the liver. Endoscopic examination of the stomach revealed a Borrmann type III cancer and the specimens taken by punch biopsy demonstrated a tubular adenocarcinoma. Therefore, he had been diagnosed as having a gastric cancer with a metastatic liver cancer, or double cancer. Histologically, liver tumor proved to be a hepatocellular carcinoma (Edmondson: Gr III), and the histological findings of the gastric tumor was found to be identical with that of the liver tumor. The fact that this case has esophageal varices during the course of the disease suggested that metastasis to the stomach has likely occurred through the portal vein system.
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PMID:[An autopsy revealing hepatocellular carcinoma with solitary metastatic gastric cancer]. 246

The immunohistochemical localization of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was studied in 44 cases with cholangiocarcinoma (CC) to determine the correlation to the expression of ras oncogene product p21 on tumor cells. HCG-immunoreactivity was found in 10 of 44 cases (23%) and AFP in only one (2.3%), whereas the expression of ras p21 was demonstrated in 39 (88.6%). The incidence of HCG-positive cells within the tumor was less than 1% in 8 of 10. The incidence of AFP-positive cells was less than 0.01%. All were histologically classified as adenocarcinoma and none of them had histologic features of trophoblastic tumors, yolk sac tumor or hepatocellular carcinoma. Nine of 10 HCG-positive and one AFP-positive CC expressed ras p21 on their tumor cells. However, one HCG-positive CC was negative for ras p21, though the incidence of HCG-positive cells within the tumor was 25%. HCG- and AFP-immunoreactivity was more frequently observed in poorly or undifferentiated tumor cells than in moderately or well-differentiated areas, whereas the expression of ras p21 was more diffuse in well-differentiated tumor and stronger in moderately differentiated areas, but rarely found in poorly and undifferentiated tumor. These results suggest that HCG production by CC of the usual adenocarcinoma variety is not rare, when compared to AFP production, and is preferentially localized in a small number of poorly differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma cells, and there is no correlation between the production of HCG or AFP and the expression of ras p21 in CCs.
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PMID:Human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein in cholangiocarcinoma in relation to the expression of ras p21: an immunohistochemical study. 247 36

Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), KM-93 raised against human lung adenocarcinoma and KM-231 raised against human gastric cancer, were useful in serum diagnosis of several human cancer. KM-93 and KM-231 recognize sialyl Lex epitope and sialyl Lea epitope, respectively, expressed on glycoprotein and glycolipid. We established a new "cocktail" sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using the two MoAbs and the advantage of this assay system, which can simultaneously detect sialyl Lex and sialyl Lea antigens, is assessed in the present study. The new assay system is composed of a mixture of KM-93 and KM-231 as 1st antibodies and a mixture of biotinylated two MoAbs as 2nd antibodies. We evaluated the concentration of MoAbs and optimized it to gain high cancer-positivity. This assay system covered sialyl Lex positive and/or sialyl Lea-positive sera and gave a high rate of positive results in lung adenocarcinoma (62.3%), gastric cancer (32.5%), colon cancer (37.5%), pancreatic cancer (83.3%), bile duct and gall bladder cancer (66.7%) and hepatoma (76.9%), whereas positive results in healthy adults remained low. Positive results in benign diseases of lung (12.5%), pancreas (10.8%), gall bladder and bile duct (9.1%) were very low, but were higher in liver cirrhosis (33.3%), hepatitis and liver injury (34.8%). Simultaneous detection of two carbohydrate antigens, sialyl Lex and sialyl Lea was clearly superior to single detection.
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PMID:Advantage of cocktail-use of two anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies, KM-93 and KM-231, in serum diagnosis of cancer. 247 31

Interferon-gamma-induced tryptophan metabolism of human macrophages was compared to ten human neoplastic cell lines of various tissue origin and to normal dermal human fibroblasts. Tryptophan and metabolites were determined in supernatants of cultures, after incubation for 48 h, by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. With the exception of two cell lines (Hep G 2, hepatoma and CaCo 2, colon adenocarcinoma) in all of the ten other cells and cell lines tryptophan degradation was induced by interferon-gamma. Five of these ten formed only kynurenine (SK-N-SH, neuroblastoma; T 24, J 82, bladder carcinoma; A 431, epidermoid carcinoma; normal dermal fibroblasts), three formed kynurenine and anthranilic acid (U 138 MG, glioblastoma; SK-HEP-1, hepatoma; A 549, lung carcinoma). Only one line, A 498 (kidney carcinoma) showed the same pattern of metabolites as macrophages (kynurenine, anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid). Interferon-gamma regulated only the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. All other enzyme activities detected were independent of interferon-gamma, as shown by the capacity of the cells to metabolize L-kynurenine or N-formyl-L-kynurenine. Increasing the extracellular L-tryptophan concentration resulted in a marked induction of tryptophan degradation by macrophages. Contrarily, a significant decrease of the tryptophan degrading activity was observed when the extracellular L-tryptophan concentration was increased 2-fold with SK-N-SH, T 24 and J 82, 4-fold with A 431 and A 549 and 10-fold with U 138 MG and SK-HEP-1. The activity was unaffected by extracellular L-tryptophan with dermal fibroblasts and A 498. Though interferon-gamma was the most potent inducer of tryptophan metabolism, interferon-alpha and/or -beta showed small but distinct action on some of the cells. In all cells which reacted to interferon-gamma by enhanced expression of class I and/or class II major histocompatibility complex antigens tryptophan degradation was also inducible. These results demonstrate that induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a common feature of interferon-gamma action, that the extent of this induction is influenced by extracellular L-tryptophan concentrations and that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is the only enzyme in the formation of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid from tryptophan which is regulated by interferon-gamma.
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PMID:Characteristics of interferon induced tryptophan metabolism in human cells in vitro. 250 Sep 76

Nineteen patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, three with cholangiocarcinoma, two with hepatocellular carcinoma, and one with carcinoid were treated with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. An implantable pump system was used to deliver floxuridine (FUdR), starting at 400 mg for 2 weeks with 2 weeks of rest. Eleven of 15 (73%) measurable patients with colorectal carcinoma responded. Of 6 complete responses, 4 were documented by laparotomy, including 1 with cholangiocarcinoma. Toxicity included dyspepsia and elevated liver function tests in all patients, gastric ulcer in 2, cholecystitis in 2, and sclerosing cholangitis in 3. Overall median survival for the colon cancer patients has not been reached at 16 months. Regional disease was controlled in the majority of patients treated with this regimen with acceptable toxicity and good quality of life.
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PMID:Hepatic perfusion with FUdR utilizing an implantable system in patients with liver primary cancer or metastatic cancer confined to the liver. 254 47

We reviewed the records of 107 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) to evaluate the relation between second primary neoplasms and the NHL immunophenotype. The incidence of second primary neoplasms was 3.7%. There were one case of hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma including one patient who had a history of metachronous malignant lymphomas. Three patients had B cell lymphoma with monoclonal IgM kappa phenotype, and one patient had follicular mixed cell type lymphoma with serum monoclonal IgM kappa. The dominant immunophenotype of B cell lymphomas in Japanese patients is IgM lambda. We believe that the association of the uncommon phenotype of IgM kappa with second primary neoplasms, especially gastric cancer, reflects an underlying genetic predisposition. NHL patients with IgM kappa phenotype should be evaluated carefully for second primary neoplasms.
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PMID:Relationship between immunophenotype and the development of second primary neoplasms in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 254 69


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