Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019204 (hepatocellular carcinoma)
 71,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relative binding affinities of over 30 steroids have been measured for the cytosol glucocorticoid receptor (GR) of thymus, liver, and hepatoma tissue culture cells and for progestin, androgen, and mineralocorticoid receptors. The data have been analyzed by correspondence analysis to reveal the singularities among the receptors of different hormonal classes, the similarities in GR of different origins, and the different specificities of the ligands. Additional data on new steroids have been injected into the system as well as results on a further parameter, namely the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity, to illustrate the power and flexibility of the methodology. The analysis has confirmed previous correlations between GR binding and TAT response but also highlighted the antiglucocorticoid activity of progestins. This method should prove to be a substantial aid to the interpretation of increasingly complex data, in particular with regard to the action of existing and newly synthesized steroids on glucocorticoid systems of differential sensitivity.
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PMID:Binding of steroids to the progestin and glucocorticoid receptors analyzed by correspondence analysis. 289 67

In this study, the kinetic patterns of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection were monitored in the liver and the five primary components of the lymphoid system (peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus). Groups of woodchucks experimentally infected with a standardized inoculum of WHV were sacrificed at different times over a 65-week period beginning in the preacute phase of viral infection and continuing to the period of serologic recovery or the establishment of chronic infections and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma. Infection by WHV was not limited to the liver but involved the major components of the lymphoid system during all stages of virus infection. A complex series of kinetic patterns was observed for the appearance of WHV DNA in the different lymphoid compartments and the liver during the entire course of viral infection. A progressive evolution of different WHV genomic forms related to the replicative state of WHV was also observed. Lymphoid cells of the bone marrow were the first cells in which WHV DNA was detected, followed in order by the liver, the spleen, peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymph nodes, and finally the thymus. Several differences were observed in the cellular WHV DNA patterns between woodchucks that developed chronic WHV infections and those that serologically recovered from acute WHV infections. The observations compiled in this study indicate that the host lymphoid system is intimately involved in the natural history of hepadnavirus infections from the earliest stages of virus entry.
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PMID:Natural history of woodchuck hepatitis virus infections during the course of experimental viral infection: molecular virologic features of the liver and lymphoid tissues. 291 83

DNA-bound neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) were isolated and characterized from the Zajdel ascites hepatoma (ZAH) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The lipids are represented by light- and tightly bound components. It was shown, that the tumour DNA contained minor amount of NL (25, 17 micrograms and 16.87 micrograms per mg DNA, respectively) and of PL (4.54 micrograms and 5.36 micrograms per mg DNA, respectively, for ZAH and EAC). The composition of the tumour DNA-bound lipids was shown to differ from that of DNA-bound lipids of liver and thymus of intact rats by the next parameters: NL/PL ratio is much more than one; increased content of FC; equal values of the three basic ratios--CE/FC, NL/PL, cholesterol/PL, presence of mono- and triglycerides.
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PMID:[DNA-bound lipids of the cells of Zajdela ascites hepatoma and of Ehrlich ascites cancer]. 292 7

The molecular forms of genomic and antigenomic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA and of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA and WHV RNA were studied in nonneoplastic liver (NL) tissues, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, and several extrahepatic tissues of chronic WHV carrier woodchucks acutely (two animals) and chronically (six animals) superinfected with HDV. HDV was shown to replicate in all NL and HCC tissues but not in any of the extrahepatic tissues analyzed, which included spleen, peripheral blood lymphocytes, kidney, ovary, testis, thymus, lung, and stomach. HDV RNA was present as species with molecular weights consistent with those of monomers, dimers, and trimers of both strand polarities, supporting the rolling circle model proposed for HDV RNA replication. WHV DNA levels in NL, HCC, spleens, and serum were 10- to 100-fold lower than the levels typically observed in chronic WHV carrier woodchucks not infected with HDV. WHV DNA replicative intermediates were rarely observed and only at very low levels, representing less than 10% of the total WHV DNA. By contrast, WHV RNA transcription was not significantly depressed and both primary WHV RNA transcripts, 2.3 and 3.6 kilobases, were observed in NL, HCC, spleens, and in one of the kidney tissues. In addition, a 2.6-kilobase WHV RNA transcript was found in the majority of the NL tissues.
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PMID:Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) nucleic acids in tissues of HDV-infected chronic WHV carrier woodchucks. 292 65

Monoclonal antibodies were used to define cell surface antigens which are present on rat hepatocytes but are absent from hepatoma cells. One monoclonal antibody, referred to as Be 9.2, recognizes a major component of purified rat liver plasma membranes with a Mr of 110 000. This antigen (gp110) was not found in the transplantable Morris hepatoma 9121 and 7777 nor on two cultured hepatoma cell lines. Isoelectric focussing showed that gp110 is a very acidic membrane component with an isoelectric point of 3.6 to 3.8. Treatment with neuraminidase reduced the Mr to 95 000. Gp110 while bound to the membrane was resistant to trypsin, but sensitive to papain. The tissue distribution of gp110 was examined by indirect immunofluorescence in frozen sections. The antigen was found on the bile canalicular domain of hepatocytes, the microvillous zone of enterocytes of the small intestinal villi, the luminal plasma membrane of acinar cells in the submaxillary and extraorbital gland and of epithelial cells of the vesicular gland. Gp110 could not be detected in the stomach, pancreas, large intestine, kidney, thymus, spleen, heart, lung, muscle cells and fibers and in the brain. Identical results were obtained by the use of an antiserum raised against purified gp110. They confirm the transformation-sensitive character of this glycoprotein. A possible identity with dipeptidyl peptidase IV and aminopeptidase M, which have similar molecular weights and are also present in rat liver on the bile canalicular domains, could be excluded. The results suggest that the loss of gp110 might be regarded as a marker for transformation or dedifferentiation of hepatocytes.
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PMID:Identification of a transformation-sensitive 110-kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein of rat hepatocytes. 300 50

Activities of key enzymes of purine metabolism [adenosine deaminase (AD); purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP); 5'-nucleotidase] were studied; changes in DNA content, nucleus ploidity in thymocytes, T- and B-lymphocytes in the C3HA mouse spleen during solid 22 hepatoma growth and after the immunization were monitored. Immunological properties of lymphocytes were also investigated measuring antibody formation and the reaction of blasttransformation in response to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. Within the first 48 hrs after the tumor implantation and immunization certain nonspecific biochemical mechanisms of lymphocytes activation (elevated AD activity, decreased activity of 5'-nucleotidase, augmented intracellular DNA levels, polyploidity) were revealed. As the solid 22 hepatoma reached the maximum growth rate specific alterations in the activities of the purine metabolism key enzymes were observed reflecting the response of thymus and spleen lymphocytes to the presence of the malignant tumor.
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PMID:[Biochemical and functional characteristics of thymus and spleen lymphocytes in C3HA mice during the growth of hepatoma 22 and after immunization with sheep erythrocytes]. 302 Jul 91

For the purpose of developing amino acid imbalance solution applicable to cancer treatment, we prepared seven kinds of amino acid imbalance solutions based on a 10% balanced amino acid solution and investigated the anti-tumor effects of each solution. The administration of valine-depleted amino acid solution for 8 days at a daily dose of 53 ml/rat (79.5 kcal/rat) resulted in the most significant inhibitory effects on the growth of hepatoma (AH109A) and mammary tumors (MRMT-1), the rate being 82.8% and 90.8%, respectively. Side effects observed were inhibition of increases in host body weight, weight loss of the spleen and thymus, loss of hair, and a decrease in the amounts of total plasma protein and albumin. When the daily dosage of valine-depleted amino acid solution was reduced to 40 ml/rat (58.3 kcal/rat), anti-tumor effects were still noticed, while side effects were abated. These findings indicate that side effects accompanying the use of this solution can be alleviated by controlling the ingredients of the solution as well as the amount administered. It is thus suggested that valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution is a valuable tool in the treatment of cancer.
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PMID:Anti-cancer therapy with valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution. 315 Aug 73

Two independently derived rat hepatoma cell lines, HTC and Fu5-5, differ in their sensitivities to both glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids, despite virtually identical number and affinity of glucocorticoid receptors. The present study further examined both receptors for differences that could account for the nonidentical responses of the two cell lines. HTC and Fu5-5 cell receptors that were covalently labeled with [3H] dexamethasone 21-mesylate ([3H]DM) had the same mol wt of about 97,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the same isoelectric point of about 6.4 by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis. Limited proteolysis of receptor-[3H]DM complexes with three different proteases generated identical protease-specific digestion patterns regardless of the cellular origin of the receptors. Receptor-[3H]dexamethasone complexes prepared from either Fu5-5 or HTC cells bound calf thymus DNA with the same affinity in vitro. In intact cells, the intracellular distribution of receptor-dexamethasone or receptor-DM complexes at equilibrium was almost identical in the two cell lines. Thus, we detected no differences in the size, sequence, or net charge of Fu5-5 or HTC cell receptors; additionally, there were no significant differences in steroid uptake, receptor binding, or activation, translocation, and nuclear binding of receptor-steroid complexes. However, the DM labeling efficiency, calculated as the percentage of total receptors covalently labeled by DM, was higher in HTC cells (65.9 +/- 12.9%; n = 5) than in Fu5-5 cells (39.3 +/- 7.7%; n = 5). The labeling efficiency of DM correlated inversely with its ability to induce tyrosine aminotransferase activity, suggesting that DM forms noncovalent, as well as covalent, complexes in vivo which mediate the glucocorticoid and antiglucocorticoid activities of DM, respectively. Further research is required to identify the factor(s) that influences DM labeling efficiency, thereby affecting the amount of DM agonist activity and, possibly, the sensitivity of the cells to glucocorticoids.
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PMID:Comparison of glucocorticoid receptors in two rat hepatoma cell lines with different sensitivities to glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids. 316 49

Successful liver allografts were established by combination with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. When liver tissue of BALB/c (H-2d) or C57BL/6J (H-2b) mice was minced and grafted under the kidney capsules of C3H/HeN (H-2k) mice, it was rejected. However, when C3H/HeN mice were irradiated and reconstituted with T-cell-depleted BALB/c or BALB/c nu/nu bone marrow cells, or with fetal liver cells of BALB/c mice, they accepted both donor (stem-cell)-type (BALB/c) and host (thymus)-type (C3H/HeN) liver tissue. Assays for both mixed-lymphocyte reaction and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes revealed that the newly developed T cells were tolerant of both donor (stem-cell)-type and host (thymus)-type major histocompatibility complex determinants. We propose that liver allografts combined with bone marrow transplantation should be considered as a viable therapy for patients with liver disease such as liver cirrhosis and hepatoma.
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PMID:Successful liver allografts in mice by combination with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 352 May 75

The exchange of Na+ for Ca2+ across the plasma membrane is mediated by a carrier transport system known as the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. We have recently reported the specific inhibition of Na+-Ca2+ exchanger activity in cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles by monoclonal antibody 44D7. In this review, we summarize the properties of the 44D7 monoclonal antibody and the antigenic complex reacting with this antibody. The 44D7 antibody was produced against human acute lymphocytic cells and recognizes a molecular complex composed of two subunits of the apparent molecular weights 95 000 and 38 000, linked by disulfide bonds. Two other monoclonal antibodies react with the same complex:4F2 which binds to the same epitope as 44D7 and specifically inhibits the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger activity, and 44H7 which reacts with a distinct epitope and does not inhibit exchanger activity. The 44D7 antibody reacts with nerve fibers in brain and proximal convoluted tubules of kidney, both known to possess Na+-Ca2+ exchanger activity. Reactivity of 44D7 antibody with tonsil and thymus sections is restricted to certain subpopulations of cells. The reactivity of the antibody is very weak with resting lymphocytes in suspension; however, activated T lymphocytes and leukemic cells show increased binding to 44D7 antibody. Several malignant cell lines express high levels of the 44D7 antigen. The reactivity of a human hepatoma with 44D7 antibody is much greater than that observed with normal hepatocytes. The inhibition by monoclonal antibody 44D7 of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger activity and the similarity in tissue distribution of the 44D7 antigenic complex and the exchanger system suggests that these two molecules might be related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlations between the 44D7 antigenic complex and the plasma membrane Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. 382 8


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