Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of rare hepatic angiomyolipoma are reported. Both represented with slight abdominal discomfort. The first patient complained of abdominal fullness, and had a normal physical examination and laboratory data. The second came with epigastralgia. Tenderness over right upper quadrant was noted and positive hepatitis B antigen was found. Ultrasound demonstrated hyperechoic hepatic lesion in both. Although diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma was suspected by the radiological findings of ultrasound, CT, MRI, and angiography, it was confirmed by the histological presence of three mesenchymal components: abundant vessels, mature fat cells and smooth muscle cells. For fear of the coexistence of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially given the high prevalence area of Taiwan, surgical intervention was recommended if liver function permitted. Successful treatment was achieved by hepatic resection in both cases.
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PMID:Hepatic angiomyolipoma: a report of two cases. 882 41

We report a case of myelitis after plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccination. The patient was a 31-year-old man who presented with progressive sensory symptoms in extremities that developed 2 weeks after a third vaccination. MRI of the cervicothoracic region revealed swelling and T2 high signal at the level of C4 to C5 cord, and isolated enhancement in the posterior columns between C4 and C5 cord. The significance of MRI findings and HLA haplotype of the patient will be briefly discussed.
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PMID:Acute Myelitis after hepatitis B vaccination. 925 Sep 23

We report a case of massive perirenal hemorrhage owing to an inferior segmental arterial rupture of an aneurysm, alongside a primarily inapparent polyarteritis nodosa associated with hepatitis B and C. We come to speak of the diagnostic procedure such as angiography, computerized tomography and MRI as well as the intervening measures like catheter embolization and surgical revision.
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PMID:Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm in case of polyarteritis nodosa along with anuric renal failure. Case report and review of the literature. 942 39

Orbital metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma are rare. The authors report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the orbit. A 56-year-old woman with hepatitis B infection as confirmed serologic test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) demonstrated superior displacement of the left eyeball. The clinical appearance of the patient demonstrated an inferior displacement of the right eye. MRI disclosed an orbital mass that extended toward the lower eyelid and into the temporal fossa with destruction of the lateral orbital wall. Upon subsequent abdominal computed tomographic scans, the primary tumor was found in the liver. A biopsy specimen of the orbit showed trabecular structures with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Bile canaliculi and sinusoids were also seen. The tumor cells showed vesicular nuclei with mitoses. Immunohistochemical markers such as high-molecular-weight keratin and alpha-fetoprotein showed a positive response. However, immunohistochemical markers such as low-molecular-weight keratin and polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen showed as negative. We diagnosed the tumor as a hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the orbit. A review of the pertinent literature disclosed relatively few occurrences of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasizing to the orbit.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the orbit. 1121 42

Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF), a condition newly recognized in France, is manifested by diffuse myalgias and characterized by highly specific myopathological alterations which have recently been shown to represent an unusually persistent local reaction to intramuscular injections of aluminium-containing vaccines. Among 92 MMF patients recognized so far, eight of them, which included the seven patients reported here, had a symptomatic demyelinating CNS disorder. CNS manifestations included hemisensory or sensorimotor symptoms (four out of seven), bilateral pyramidal signs (six out of seven), cerebellar signs (four out of seven), visual loss (two out of seven), cognitive and behavioural disorders (one out of seven) and bladder dysfunction (one out of seven). Brain T(2)-weighted MRI showed single (two out of seven) or multiple (four out of seven) supratentorial white matter hyperintense signals and corpus callosum atrophy (one out of seven). Evoked potentials were abnormal in four out of six patients and CSF in four out of seven. According to Poser's criteria for multiple sclerosis, the diagnosis was clinically definite (five out of seven) or clinically probable multiple sclerosis (two out of seven). Six out of seven patients had diffuse myalgias. Deltoid muscle biopsy showed stereotypical accumulations of PAS (periodic acid-Schiff)-positive macrophages, sparse CD8+ T cells and minimal myofibre damage. Aluminium-containing vaccines had been administered 3-78 months (median = 33 months) before muscle biopsy (hepatitis B virus: four out of seven, tetanus toxoid: one out of seven, both hepatitis B virus and tetanus toxoid: two out of seven). The association between MMF and multiple sclerosis-like disorders may give new insights into the controversial issues surrounding vaccinations and demyelinating CNS disorders. Deltoid muscle biopsy searching for myopathological alterations of MMF should be performed in multiple sclerosis patients with diffuse myalgias.
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PMID:Central nervous system disease in patients with macrophagic myofasciitis. 1133 99

We present a series of 8 patients (6 males, 2 females) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia). In this group, the age at which treatment was initiated ranged from birth to 39 years (mean 9.9 years). All patients but one were noncompliant with treatment. Hepatic masses were first detected at an age range of 13-45 years (mean 28.1 years). Age at diagnosis of HCC ranged from 19 to 49 years (mean 36.9 years). Duration between the diagnosis of liver adenomas and the diagnosis of HCC ranged from 0 to 28 years (mean 8.8 years, SD = 11.5). Two patients had positive hepatitis serologies (one hepatitis B, one hepatitis C). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was normal in 6 of the 8 patients. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was normal in the 5 patients in which it was measured. Current guidelines recommend abdominal ultrasonography with AFP and CEA levels every 3 months once patients develop hepatic lesions. Abdominal CT or MRI is advised when the lesions are large or poorly defined or are growing larger. We question the reliability of AFP and CEA as markers for HCC in GSD Ia. Aggressive interventional management of masses with rapid growth or poorly defined margins may be necessary to prevent the development of HCC in this patient population.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in glycogen storage disease type Ia: a case series. 1587 4

Cholangiocarcinomas are rare malignant tumors composed of cells that resemble those of the biliary tract. On the basis of their anatomic location, cholangiocarcinomas can be classified as intrahepatic, extrahepatic and hilar tumors. For reasons that are not clear, the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is increasing globally. Established risk factors, including conditions associated with chronic biliary tract inflammation, account for a small proportion of cases. Additional risk factors such as cirrhosis, infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are now becoming recognized. The diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma requires the integration of clinical information, imaging studies of the hepatic parenchyma and biliary tract, tumor markers, and histology. In terms of the treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma, surgery can be curative, although few patients are candidates for surgery. Palliative biliary decompression can provide symptomatic relief. Advances in MRI and positron-emission tomography scanning, identification of new tumor markers, improved utility of biliary cytology, and the use of photodynamic therapy for adjunct treatment are all expected to enhance the diagnosis, evaluation and management of cholangiocarcinoma.
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PMID:Cholangiocarcinoma. 1639 10

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has been rising in the USA in the past two decades. Hepatocellular carcinoma primarily affects older people and reaches its highest prevalence among those aged between 50 and 70 years. Chronic infection by the hepatitis B virus is the most common cause of this disease. Since hepatocellular carcinoma is an indolent tumor, it has a low life expectancy. In patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinoma, CT, MRI, and ultrasound techniques are useful for formulating the diagnosis based on vascularity and specific enhancement features. In this paper we will discuss the multimodal approach for diagnosis and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma. We will also furnish the latest staging and treatment, epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology and laboratory findings in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Current staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging implications. 1682 69

The number of papers published regarding hepatocellular carcinoma increased remarkably over the previous year. The 1-year survival for hepatocellular carcinoma has only improved slightly over the past 20 years, while the overall survival has remained unchanged. Hepatitis B genotypes, specifically genotype B, correlate with better response and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma caused by this chronic infection. A consensus conference recommended that patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A or B cirrhosis should be screened with ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein measurement every 6 months. Using microarray technology, several groups established the gene expression for human hepatocellular carcinoma including the identification of potential genes involved in hepatic carcinogenesis. Dynamic gadolinium MRI is the preferred imaging of choice for the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma, but contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound is a new imaging technique able to differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic liver lesions. Overall, transplantation is the best long-term therapeutic option, but in patients without portal hypertension and well-preserved liver function, resection may be preferable.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma. 1703 5

We present the 55-year-old woman who has had kidney transplantation three times. She has been treated with immunosuppressive therapy and lamivudine for hepatitis B and C. Nine years after the last transplantation she showed neurological symptoms that presented in the form of confusion and epileptic seizures of the grand mal type. A brain MRI showed large oval zones of hyperintense MR signal in T2-weighted image and hypointense in T1-weighted image around the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles, bilaterally and in both cerebellar hemispheres. After reduction in immunosuppression and the exclusion of lamivudine from therapy, the patient was stable with normal neurological status during the course of next five years. We start from the assumption that the concomitant use of cyclosporin with mycophenolate mofetil and lamivudine, despite normal concentrations of cyclosporin, might cause the accumulation of toxic metabolites and lead to neurotoxicity that mimics PML in a chronic viral environment.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity that may mimic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patient with transplanted kidney. 1759 23


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