Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this paper a cohort study from Infectious Diseases Department in Szczecin the etiology and dynamics of liver diseases in hospitalized patients from 1994 to 1996 are presented. The number of patients is increased during this period. Chronic liver diseases are common and predominately are cause of by hepatitis B virus. Men from urban environmental are most often stricken with sickness.
Pol Arch Med Wewn 1998 Jul
PMID:[Profile of liver diseases from personal observations]. 1008 12

In order to elucidate the mechanisms of hepadnavirus evolution in vivo and to trace the fate of known quasispecies in a single animal during the acute phase of infection, a woodchuck (Marmota monax) was infected with the hepadnavirus woodchuck hepatitis B virus (WHV). Woodchuck 197 (W197) was injected intravenously with pooled sera collected from a chronic carrier that had been infected originally with a molecular clone of known genome sequence (WHV7). Viral genome variants from both the inoculum and the follow-up sera from W197 were characterized for the presence of quasispecies related to the WHV7 sequence. Interestingly, WHV7-related genomes were predominant 6 weeks post-infection (p.i.), whereas a highly heterogeneous virus population was present in the first viraemic serum (4 weeks p.i.). Using WHV7 as the prototype, the variability of the Pol and PreS/S regions in the first 11 weeks p.i. has been calculated. The sequence population in serum collected 6 weeks p.i. was highly homogeneous, with a mean variability of 0.36% in the region analysed. Mean variability values ranging from 0.82% to 1.61% were found in quasispecies from the other sera. The presence of possible selective pressure was analysed by means of the non-synonymous versus synonymous variation ratio (dn/d5). We found that the dn/d5 values were stable for the S ORF (ranging from 2.6 to 3.0), whereas a wider range was observed for the Pol ORF (from 1.4 to 3.0). Furthermore, from the analysis of the variability of the codon positions for the two overlapping ORFs it was found that, in most cases, non-synonymous mutations at position 1 of the Pol ORF (position 3 of the S ORF) corresponded to synonymous variation in the S (Pol) ORF, indicating independent evolution of the encoded proteins.
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PMID:Hepadnavirus evolution and molecular strategy of adaptation in a new host. 1009

Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) present an immunodeficient state manifested by an abnormally high incidence of malignant tumors, enhanced susceptibility to certain infections diseases, poor responses to influenza and hepatitis B vaccines. This state coexists paradoxically with activation of most immunocompetent cells, mostly monocytes and lymphocytes. A complexed net of reciprocally acting reasons of immunological processes in patients with CRF remains still unclear. Immunological response is bounded with release and functioning of cytokines. Plasma levels of many cytokines in patients with CRF are higher than in healthy control. The main role in this process plays the state of activation of monocytes provoked by the circulating endotoxins, which has been confirmed in those patients. Moreover, chronic renal failure itself and reactive oxygen species can cause a disregulation of production and elimination of these cytokines. The decreased clearance of cytokines due to renal failure can cause an accumulation of those proteins in blood. The origin, physiological role and disordered production of cytokines needs still further investigations in order to get a better understanding of a nature of dysfunction immune system in CRF patients.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 1999 Apr
PMID:[Cytokines in patients with chronic renal failure during non-invasive therapy]. 1039 Oct 53

Human foamy virus (HFV) is the prototype member of the spumaviruses. While similar in genomic organization to other complex retroviruses, foamy viruses share several features with their more distant relatives, the hepadnaviruses such as human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Both HFV and HBV express their Pol proteins independently from the structural proteins. However unlike HBV, Pol is not required for assembly of HFV core particles or for packaging of viral RNA. These results suggest that the assembly of Pol into HFV particles must occur by a mechanism different from those used by retroviruses and hepadnaviruses. We have examined possible mechanisms for HFV Pol incorporation, including the role of proteolysis in assembly of Pol and the role of initiation of reverse transcription. We have found that proteolytic activity is not required for Pol incorporation. p4 Gag and the residues immediately upstream of the cleavage site in Gag are also not important. Deletion of the primer binding site had no effect on assembly, ruling out early steps of reverse transcription in the process of Pol incorporation.
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PMID:Proteolytic activity, the carboxy terminus of Gag, and the primer binding site are not required for Pol incorporation into foamy virus particles. 1040 Jul 31

The serum AFP concentration in man falls rapidly after birth and its synthesis in adult life is normally repressed. However, AFP is synthesized in large amounts by human hepatocellular carcinoma in greater than 70% of patients. Elevation of serum AFP in benign hepatic diseases such as acute and chronic viral hepatitis as well as toxic liver injury is associated with small transient increases in serum AFP. Therefore, quantification of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been widely used as a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Measurement of serum AFP levels have also been used in screening populations at high risk of human hepatocellular carcinoma such as those with cirrhosis or carriers of hepatitis B virus. However the specificity of the screening test in patients with only modestly raised AFP (below 400 ng/ml) is low, and false-positive results are frequent. A wide range of overlap in the distribution of serum AFP levels between hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease patients were observed mainly among HBsAg (+) patients. Therefore the specificity and predictive value of AFP are lower in HBsAg(+) than in HBsAg(-) patients, especially when AFP is between 25 and 200 ng/ml. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, the analysis of lectin reactivity of AFP has the advantages over quantification of serum AFP to detect HCC-specific variants in serum samples with only moderate raised AFP levels. Measurement of AFP serves as an important tool in the care and management of patients with benign and malignant hepatic disorders.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2000 Jun
PMID:[Alpha-fetoprotein: diagnostic value in hepatic disorders]. 1096 24

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus with similarities to unusual subviral pathogens of higher plants. It requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication/transmission, and HBV-infected humans are the only established host. HDV causes both severe acute hepatitis and rapidly progressive chronic disease in some individuals. The HDV life cycle involves remarkable features, such as ribozyme- mediated autocatalytic processes, Pol II-directed RNA synthesis from a single-stranded circular RNA template, and RNA editing. Much of our understanding of the nature of this pathogen derives from experimental studies in the chimpanzee model of HBV infection. The hepadnavirus-infected eastern woodchuck also is capable of supporting HDV replication and offers opportunities for the development of control strategies that might be applicable to human type D hepatitis.
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PMID:Animal models of hepatitis delta virus infection and disease. 1140 12

Wide spreading of prophylaxis principles of HBV infections in dialysis centers decreased the HBV infection rate in general population of dialyzed patients in Poland last years. There is neither data concerned with HBV infection epidemiology in children and adolescents, nor data about anti-viral treatment possibilities and effects in this group of dialyzed patients. The aim of the study was evaluating of HBV infection rate in patients of pediatric dialysis centers and analysis of causes of infection and efficacy of treatment. Study was based on data sent in a query-answer by 8 biggest pediatric dialysis centers, all of them treating 210 patients. HBV infection was found much more often (16.6%) than in population of all hemodialyzed patients in Poland. More than 75% non-vaccinated patients was infected before dialysis therapy, remaining were infected during vaccination, before the protecting level of antibodies was gained. Big differences in HBV infection rate among centers are observed. Nowadays HCV infections (more than 40% patients infected) are a bigger issue. Only 10 patients in 5 centers had anti-viral treatment (5 with isolated HBV infection, 5 with mixed HBV/HCV infection). In 9 patients interferon-alpha and in 1 patient lamivudine was administered. Efficacy of interferon-alpha treatment was similar to the population of non-uremic children (33.3% vs. 50% of HBeAg elimination). Majority of patients quite well tolerated the drug. Only in 1 case interferon-alpha treatment had to be ceased because of side effects. In a boy treated with lamivudine, after 3 months elimination of viremia and decrease of ALAT activity was observed. HBV infection in patients of pediatric dialysis centers is still a serious matter. More strict applying of vaccination against hepatitis B before dialysis treatment is needed. The possibility of HBV infections therapy is limited, mostly for economical reasons.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2001 Apr
PMID:[Epidemiology of HBV infections and possibilities for therapeutic actions in children and adolescents with end-stage renal failure treated with dialysis]. 1143 73

Previous studies showed that hepatitis B virus polymerase (HBV Pol) interacts with host factors such as the Hsp90 complex, which is a critical step in viral genome replication. In this report, we propose that another chaperone, Hsp60, interacts with human HBV Pol and that this is a very important step for maturation of human HBV Pol into the active state. In the immunoprecipitation of recombinant human HBV Pol expressed in insect cells with the recombinant baculovirus expression system, the 60-kDa protein was coimmunoprecipitated with Pol and the protein was identified as Hsp60 through peptide sequencing and immunogenic analysis with an anti-Hsp60 antibody. In vitro experiments showed that Hsp60 strongly affected human HBV Pol activity in that (i) blocking of Hsp60 by the protein-specific antibody reduced human HBV Pol activity, (ii) the activity was increased by addition of Hsp60 in the presence of ATP, and (iii) ATP synergistically activated human HBV Pol with Hsp60. In vivo experiments showed that inhibition of Hsp60 in cells by a mutant Hsp60, C Delta 540, resulted in the reduction of human HBV Pol activity. In summary, our results indicate that the interaction is significant for conversion of human HBV Pol into the active state.
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PMID:Human hepatitis B virus polymerase interacts with the molecular chaperonin Hsp60. 1143 76

The course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection depends on the host immune response to various antigens of the virus, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), which is present on the envelope of HBV and which contains Pre-S1, Pre-S2 and S proteins. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) and patients acutely infected with HBV and recovered completely (convalescents) were studied for detecting of Pre-S1 antigen binding. We used a cytometric method for measurement of the binding of fluorescein labeled Pre-S1 antigen (FITC/Pre-S1) to the PBL. The binding of FITC/Pre-S1 was determined on resting lymphocytes and on lymphocytes cultured in vitro for 5 days in the presence of Pre-S1 and phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). The expression of CD3 and CD19 molecules on the surface of PBLs simultaneously with the expression of FITC/Pre-S1 was also analysed using flow cytometry. We found that the Pre-S1 binding significantly depends on the state of the activation of lymphocytes. Specific stimulation of the convalescent lymphocytes with Pre-S1 resulted in an increase in the percentage of the FITC/Pre-S1 binding cells in relation to the unstimulated cultured and resting cells as well as to the cells from CHB patients. We suggest that flow cytometric measurement of Pre-S1 binding by lymphocytes may be useful indicator of the disease activity.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 2001 Jul
PMID:[The use of flow cytometry for the determination of the hepatitis B virus pre-S1 envelop protein binding by human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro in the course of recovery]. 1157 27

Previous studies show that the Hsp90 complex facilitates binding of duck hepatitis B virus polymerase on the epsilon stem-loop region in pregenomic RNA for the priming of Pol. In this report, we found that Hsp90 also binds to human HBV Pol and its binding seems to be involved in in vitro priming of human HBV Pol. (i) Inhibition of Hsp90 by anti-Hsp90 antibody (3G3) and (ii) the stripping of the Hsp90 by 1 M NaCl buffer containing 1% NP-40 almost completely reduced in vitro priming activity of human HBV Pol expressed in insect cells. However, binding of human HBV Pol to pregenomic RNA is different from that of duck HBV Pol. It seems that Hsp90 makes the human HBV Pol competent for in vitro priming rather than maintaining the human HBV Pol/pregenomic RNA complex as duck HBV Pol. In addition, although Hsp70 is a component of the Hsp90 complex, Hsp70 can directly bind to human HBV Pol without Hsp90.
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PMID:Hsp90 makes the human HBV Pol competent for in vitro priming rather than maintaining the human HBV Pol/pregenomic RNA complex. 1205 92


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