Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was identified with immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and aldehyde fuchsin stains within tumor cells in three cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from a series of liver biopsies from 172 consecutive cases of HCC. Two patterns of distribution and staining of HBsAg in cells of HCC were observed. In two of the three biopsy specimens, HBsAg was confined to solitary or small groups of tumor cells where a heavily stained inclusion occupied the entire cytoplasm displacing the nucleus. These inclusions corresponded to ground-glass cytoplasm with hematoxylin-eosin. The pattern is different in the other specimen where all the HCC cells in one area of the tumor showed a diffuse peripheral or perinuclear staining of the cytoplasm. In hematoxylin-eosin sections, these tumor cells showed partial transformation of the cytoplasm into the ground-glass appearance.
 ...
PMID:Patterns of hepatitis B surface antigen. Localization in cells of hepatocellular carcinoma. 8 41

Emergency endoscopy was performed on two patients subsequently found to be hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Before their carrier state was determined, nine other patients underwent endoscopy using the same instruments, which had been routinely cleaned between procedures. These patients were all notified within five days of the incident, given standard gamma globulin, and prospectively followed for the development of hepatitis. After one of the endoscopes was gas sterilized, the next three patients undergoing endoscopy were also followed. One of the hepatitis B surface antigen carriers was positive for antibody to e antigen; the other carrier had neither e antigen nor antibody. None of these individuals developed signs or symptoms of hepatitis, abnormal serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase elevations, or serologic evidence of hepatitis B exposure. From these data, and other recorded experiences, it appears that routine cleansing of endoscopy equipment is sufficient in preventing the transmission of hepatitis B.
 ...
PMID:Failure of endoscopic transmission of hepatitis B. 8 14

Twelve infants, born to mothers with hepatitis B virus infection, were inoculated within 7 days of birth with immune serum globulin containing antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titers of 1:32 to 1:64 as measured by passive hemagglutination. Six of nine infants (66.7%) born to HBsAg-positive carrier mothers became HBsAg-positive within 3 mo of age. In addition, two of three treated infants born to mothers with acute hepatitis B during the delivery period also developed HBsAg. The hepatitis e antigen was detected in four of five carrier mothers and in two mothers with acute hepatitis, whose infants subsequently became HBsAg positive. In addition, hepatitis B-specific DNA polymerase activity was detected in the seven HBsAg-positive mothers who transmitted the virus to their infants. All eight infants have remained persistently HBsAg positive. Thus, the immune serum globulin containing low-titer antibody to HBsAg is not protective when given to infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers or to mothers with acute hepatitis B during the delivery period.
 ...
PMID:Failure of immune serum globulin to prevent hepatitis B virus infection in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers. 8 62

Partially purified hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAG) was prepared by ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and molecular sieve chromatography of sera obtained from asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. The antigenic specificity of the HBeAG preparations was investigated further with affinity chromatography. The results indicated that HBeAG is distinct and separable from DNA polymerase activity. Columns coupled with either goat IgG prepared from antiserum to human IgG or antibody to HBeAg bound all detectable HBeAg and bound 31% and 100% of the IgG, respectively, from a partially purified HBeAg preparation. Rate zonal sucrose sedimentation and molecular sieve and ion-exchange chromatography indicated a variability in molecular weight and charge; this finding suggested a heterogenous population of immunoreactivities containing HBeAg. Our preliminary results suggest the existence of an HBeAg-IgG complex.
 ...
PMID:A partial characterization of hepatitis B e antigen. 8 89

Plasma contaminated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and shown by others to be infectious when injected in a dilution of 1:1,000,000 in chimpanzees, was fractionated by a solid-phase polyelectrolyte (PE) procedure for its content of plasma protein fraction (PPF) and gamma-globulin (immune serum globulin; ISG). Quantitative Ausria II radioimmunoassays showed that nearly half the HBsAg was bound by the PE and could be eluted at low pH, while the rest was found in the heat-inactivated PPF. When the ISG was concentrated to 16%, the 13 mg/kg (comparable to a human dose) was injected intramuscularly in 6 chimpanzees, or when the PPF was heated at 60 degrees C for h and injected intravenously in 2 chimpanzees, there was no clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatitis B infection after 12 months, although 1 chimp of 2 who received the same material showed a borderline positive anti-HBsAg antibody result on one of 52 weekly serum samples. Since the new PE fractionation method is essentially nondenaturing, and simpler than the classical ethanol procedures, it was important to establish the noninfectivity of the final products.
 ...
PMID:Freedom from transmission of hepatitis-B of gamma-globulin and heat-inactivated plasma protein fraction prepared from contaminated human plasma by fractionation with solid-phase polyelectrolytes. 8 11

In 1972, Magnius and Espmark on confronting different sera containing the surface antigen of hepatitis B with each other, demonstrated a new antigenic item which they called e. In later works the presence of this new antigenic specificity was associated with a greater rate of incidence of chronic hepatic lesion and a greater contagiousness of B virus. In the present study the e system was determined in a group of HBsAG positive blood donors and in a group of patients carrying HBeAG who had been admitted to the hospital for different reasons. The results showed an elevated rate of anti-e antibodies in the asymptomatic donors, and this could be correlated with clinical and biochemical indemnity of the liver function. HBsAg carriers mainly presented renal insufficiency or hematologic disorders, probably related to a deficient immune response. Determination of the e system shows its usefulness in enabling HBsAg positive carriers to be classified according to whether they present or not present hepatic lesion. The presence of HBeAg could be correlated with hepatic lesion, while HBeAc seems to determine some type of protection on those patients who have it in their sera.
 ...
PMID:[The antigenic e system in carriers of the surface antigen of viral hepatitis B (author's transl)]. 8 74

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 89 healthy adult Chinese, 170 patients with histologically verified non-malignant liver diseases, and 14 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers with normal liver histology. In 97% of the healthy adults, AFP levels were under 20 ng/ml, which is then regarded as the normal upper limit. Cases with supranormally elevated AFP levels ranged from 15-51% in chronic hepatic disorders and were 33% in acute hepatitis. None of the healthy HBsAg carriers had abnormal AFP level. HBs antigenemia was found to be related to AFP elevation in chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and acute hepatitis but not in chronic persistent hepatitis and healthy HBsAg carriers. The correlation could be demonstrated only when the sensitive third generation test was employed to define seropositivity of HBsAg. Events after hepatic injury induced by hepatitis B virus, rather than the HBs antigenemia itself, are probably responsible for the association. Whether the association of HBsAg and elevated serum AFP in these nonmalignant hepatic disorders contributes to the higher risk of subsequent development of hepatocarcinoma in Taiwan is unknown and requires further long-term longitudinal study.
 ...
PMID:Relationship of hepatitis B surface antigen to serum alpha-fetoprotein in nonmalignant diseases of the liver. 8 92

The hepatitis B virus (HBV), the causal agent of serum hepatitis, has a diameter of 42 nm and is comprised of an outer surface coat and a 27 nm core. A unique DNA-dependent DNA polymerase is associated with the core of the virus. The core also houses a circular DNA that contains both double-stranded and single-stranded regions. In the endogenous reaction, the DNA polymerase repairs the single-stranded gaps of the viral DNA. The surface protein of the virus, called hepatitis B surface antigen, contains both lipid and carbohydrate, and is often present in particulate form in the blood of infected patients. In Asia and Africa HBV infection is associated with subsequent development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Although most patients recover completely from acute illness, the hepatitis B virus may cause chronic infection. Recently, a virus similar to human HBV was discovered in woodchucks. HBV has not yet been propagated in a cell culture system and the mode of replication of this unusual virus in hepatocytes is still moot. Although reliable therapy has not yet been provided, the problem of this world-wide infection has led to many interesting approaches to both vaccine production and anti-viral chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:The hepatitis B virus and its DNA polymerase: the prototype three-D virus. 9 Oct 92

In recent studies extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis have been recognized as immune complex diseases. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been successfully identified in immune complexes, but the pathogenic role of HBsAg-containing immune complexes (IC) remains questionable. The subject of the present study was the antigen-specific determination of IC in the course of hepatitis B virus infection using a new HBsAg-specific IC test (Pernice & Sedlacek, 1978). This test is based on the following principle: rabbit anti-HBs-coated polystyrole test tubes are incubated with the IC-containing test sample. The HBsAg-containing IC bind to the solid phase by their free antigenic determinants. There they can be quantified using a peroxidase-labelled anti-human IgG antibody. A good correlation was found between the level of HBsAg-containing immune complexes and the clinical state of six patients in a follow-up study. IC could be detected simultaneously with HBsAg and either decreased or disappeared before the occurrence of free anti-HBs. In the sera of an additional twenty-eight patient suffering from chronic active hepatitis, HBsAg-containing immune complexes were detected in 85% of cases. One patient suffering from polyarteritis nodosa was also positive. Occasionally, extremely high levels of IC were found in the course of these diseases.
 ...
PMID:Antigen-specific detection of HBsAG-containing immune complexes in the course of hepatitis B virus infection. 9 65

The PLC/PRF/5 cell line derived from a human hepatoma produces hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 22-nm particles of the same buoyant density as those found in the serum of infected patients. The HBsAg particles from this cell line were labeled with [35S]methionine and purified, and the polypeptides were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with those of serum-derived particles. The two major polypeptides of serum-derived HBsAg particles (p20 and p23) were found in the same relative amounts in the particles from the cell line. The three smallest of the five minor components observed in HBsAg particles from serum were present in particles from the cell line. These polypeptides (p31, p36, and p43), as well as p20 and p23, were precipitated with anti-HBs-containing serum. The two largest polypeptides of serum particles (p49 and p66) were not detected in particles from these cells. When the PLC/PRF/5 HBsAg particles were radiolabeled with tritiated sugars, p23, and not p20, was found to contain radioactivity, indicating that the pattern of polypeptide glycosylation is similar to that of serum HBsAg. None of the other possible gene products of hepatitis B virus was detected in the PLC/PRF/5-derived HBsAg particles, in the cells, or in the cell supernatants.
 ...
PMID:Polypeptides of hepatitis B virus surface antigen produced by a hepatoma cell line. 9 75


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>