Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and ninety hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAG+) sera were subtyped, belonging to : blood donors, hepatitis patients, patients and staff in a hemodialysis unit, all from Kuala Lumpur; Malaysian aborigines from three jungle locations in Peninsular Malaysia; and East Malaysians from Sarawak, East Malaysia; Three subtypes adr, adw and ayw were present in Malaysia in the following frequencies: 44%, 29%, and 27%, respectively; In Kuala Lumpur 87% had subdeterminant d and 13 per cent y, whereas in the deep jungle aborigines of Perak and Pahang, the y subdeterminant was present in 87% and the d in 13%. A similar pattern of preponderance of y prevailed in Sarawak, East Malaysia. In Kuala Lumpur the two main ethnic groups, Malays and Chinese, differed in subtype distribution, in that adr predominated in the Malays (61%), while the adw predominated in the Chinese (51%); Subtype distribution was not related to age or sex of carriers of the antigen, or to whether they had hepatitis, or asymptomatic antigenemia.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen subtypes in Malaysia. 5 Jul 35

To test the hypothesis that liver function is different in populations with inherited susceptibility to persistent Australia antigen (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]), Sardinians living in Turin, Italy, were compared with their native Turinese neighbors. The study was controlled for age, sex, place of birth, and presence or absence of persistent HBsAg. Slight differences in liver function were found in the Sardinians compared with the Turinese. Their values were in the direction of abnormality. Sardinians also had considerably higher serum gamma-globulin levels than the Turinese. The levels of alpha2-globulin by electrophoresis correlated with the presence of HBsAg.
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PMID:Susceptibility to persistence of Australia antigen. 5 Jul 67

Acute viral hepatitis type B was observed in three patients convalescing from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag)-negative viral hepatitis. The two types of viral hepatitis were clearly differentiated by serial HBs Ag determinations with counterimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay. These findings provide additional evidence of the lack of cross-immunity between the two types of viral hepatitis and indicate that patients with HBs Ag-positive and HBs Ag-negative acute viral hepatitis should be separated.
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PMID:Occurrence of viral hepatitis type B and type non-B in three patients. 5 Oct 40

Purified preparations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea under reducing conditions and subsequently fractionated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Pools of the individual fractions eluted from the preparative PAGE were concentrated and purified further by analytical PAGE. Five purified polypeptides were isolated from HBsAg, types adw and ayw, with molecular weights of 19,000, 24,000, 27,000, 35,000, and 40,000. Each preparations was emulsified in Freund complete adjuvant and injected into guinea pigs. Antibody to each HBsAg type was measured by radioimmunoassay. The 19,000 molecular weight polypeptide derived from ayw particles and the 27,000 molecular weight subunit obtained from both types failed to elicit an antibody response. The other three polypeptides derived from the ayw particles elicited group-specific antibody responses. Similar group-specific reactivities were observed in the testing of anti-adw 35,000 and anti-adw 40,000 molecular weight polypeptide sera. However, guinea pigs immunized with the 19,000 and the 24,000 molecular weight polypeptides of the adw type produced antibody that reacted preferentially with adw particles. This indicates that either these subunits carry predominately d determinants or that, because of the low levels of material used for inoculation, no immune response or an undetectable one was elicited to the a or w components.
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PMID:Production of antibody to individual polypeptides derived from purified hepatitis B surface antigen. 5 Oct 98

Thirteen patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (P.M.R.) were examined for evidence of viral infection. Hepatitis-B surface antibody (HBsAb) was detected in nine out of twelve patients tested prior to therapy. The antibody persisted up to six months in four patients but reverted to negative in the other five. HBsAb was found in only one of twelve age-matched controls. Hepatitis-B surface antigen was not detected in any patient or control. No significant elevation of antibody titre was detected to a panel of twelve other organisms. Immunoglobulin levels were elevated prior to treatment in several patients. With steroid therapy the IgG and IgA levels fell serially but the IgM levels increased in six patients. These results suggest that hepatitis B is an important trigger for P.M.R. In view of the association with giant-cell arteritis, P.M.R. may represent an abnormal immunological response to infection in elderly patients.
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PMID:Hepatitis-B antibody in polymyalgia Rheumatica. 5 Dec 86

Recent lots of conventional gamma-globulin prepared from the plasma of outdated blood collected from voluntary donors in Massachusetts contain substantially more antibody (anti-HBs) to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) than do lots manufactured from plasma collected before 1970. Variations in titer of anti-HBs may have been related in part to local variations in the incidence of hepatitis B. However, data available since 1949 suggest that one must consider whether antibody excess (anti-HBs) or antigen excess (HBs Ag) prevailed among individuals contributing to the plasma pools. The titers of anti-HBs have continued to rise since 1971, when screening of blood donors for HBs Ag became mandatory, a step which presumably resulted in the removal of much of the HBs Ag that would otherwise adsorb anti-HBs. The anti-HBs titer in gamma-globulin routinely produced in Massachusetts now equals or exceeds the titer in other lots of gamma-globulin found to be effective in recent studies of preexposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B.
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PMID:Hepatitis B antibody in conventional gamma-globulin. 5 82

Between January 1970 and December 1974, 122 cases of acute type B hepatitis were subtyped; 66 (54%) were of the ad type and 56 (46%) were of the ay type. "Cluster" cases (from a dialysis unit) were not considered. During the first period, subtype ad predominated, whereas in the second year there was a clear predominance of the ay subtype; the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.02). In yearly periods the differences were significant between the years 1970 and 1974 (P less than 0.05), 1972 and 1974 (P less than 0.05), and 1972 and 1973 (P less than 0.05). If only patients without parenteral exposure are considered, there was clearly a shift between 1970-1972 and 1973-1974 in favor of the ay subtype (P less than 0.01). Since epidemiological factors such as injections and transfusions seem not to be responsible, it is suggested that a change of virus strain may be responsible for the different distribution of subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in the last year.
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PMID:Change of hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with hepatitis during a five-year period. 5 83

A follow-up study of 147 babies born to mothers known to be carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) revealed no evidence for a relationship between breast-feeding and the subsequent development of antigenaemia in the babies. All babies were tested at three or more months of age, and the mean age at last follow-up was eleven months with a mean of three serum specimens per baby (not counting cord-blood specimens). The frequency of acquisition of HBsAg and anti-HBs was almost identical among breast-fed and non breast-fed infants. The frequency of other variables known to influence the development of antigenaemia among infants of carrier mothers did not vary according to breast-feeding status: mother's HBsAg titre, HBsAg positivity rate in cord-blood specimens, and HBsAg prevalence among siblings. 32 breast-milk specimens from carrier mothers were all HBsAg negative.
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PMID:Evidence against breast-feeding as a mechanism for vertical transmission of hepatitis B. 5 72

Two antigenically distinct subtypes, adw and ayw, of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), have been purified from the plasma of anicteric hepatitis patients. Biophysical studies of these purified preparations revealed considerable heterogeneity in their overall surface charge, morphology and molecular weights. Chemical studies revealed that the composition of the particles is complex in that four to six different polypeptides and three glycoproteins were identified. In addition, cholesterol, three polar lipids, and two glycolipids were detected in purified HBs Ag preparations. Antisera, prepared in guinea pigs to individual polypeptides derived from HBs Ag subtypes adw and ayw, reacted with both the group- and type-specific antigenic determinants associated with the intact particles. The potential of these purified preparations of HBs Ag and of the individual subunits derived from them as possible vaccines is discussed. Specific antipolypeptide sera will be utilized to determine whether HBs Ag components are synthesized as specific viral products or are composed of components of modified host-cell molecules.
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PMID:Biophysical and biochemical properties of purified preparations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag). 5 5

The ultrastructural study of liver tissues from 38 patients with type B viral hepatitis consistently showed the presence of hepatitis B core antigen of 21-25 nm size in the liver cell nuclei and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm. This finding and the demonstration of the tubular form of hepatitis B surface antigen in the proliferative degranulated endoplasmic reticulum constituted the etiologic criterion for the diagnosis of the disease. The double-shelled Dane-like particles were frequently found in association with the tubular form of the surface antigen. The core particles were found in the protoplasmic processes of hepatocytes and this correlated with the immunofluorescent microscopic findings that the antigen may be shed into circulation with the protoplasm. The core antigen was found to resist digestion by various enzymes such as protease, DNase, RNase, phospholipase C, lipase, lysozyme, diastase, neuraminidase and hyaluronidase, all of which did not destroy the immunoreactivity as demonstrated by immunoelectron and immunofluorescent microscopy. Similarly, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween 80 and mercaptoethanol also had no effect. The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue sections could be treated with protease to facilitate the immunofluorescent staining for the core antigen in tissue.
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PMID:Structural and immunoreactive characteristics of hepatitis B core antigen. 5 6


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