Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of hereditary angioedema (HAE) type I (inherited C1-inhibitor [C1 INH] deficiency) and a case of late-onset acquired C1 INH with angioedema is described. In both patients, long-term prophylaxis with C1 INH had become necessary because treatment with danazol and epsilon-aminocaproic acid was not effective or not tolerated. Consequently, both patients received a pasteurized concentrate of C1 INH continuously for a period of 1 year in a dosage that kept them free of symptoms. The patient with HAE was administered 500 units of C1 INH intravenously every 4 or 5 days, whereas the patient with acquired angioedema required 1000 units of C1 INH every 5 days. As a result of this long-term prophylaxis, both patients became free or nearly free from their episodes of cutaneous and internal edema. The low plasma levels of C1 INH, C4, and C2, rose. In the patient with acquired C1 INH deficiency, the swellings increasingly reappeared after 10 months, although the patient's antibody titer did not rise during treatment. No side effects were recorded during therapy. In particular, both patients remained HIV and hepatitis B antibody negative.
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PMID:Long-term prophylaxis with C1-inhibitor (C1 INH) concentrate in patients with recurrent angioedema caused by hereditary and acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency. 292 86

Investigations were performed concerning the elimination of the risk of hepatitis B transmission of potentially infectious plasma derivatives by the addition of a low dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg). To this end, clotting factor VIII concentrate, prothrombin complex, C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate, plasminogen and antithrombin III were prepared from plasma strongly positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). To one half of every preparation, HBIg was added up to a final concentration of 0.4 IU anti-HBs/ml (test preparations), the other half was not treated (control preparations). Furthermore, to 10(-3) diluted infectious reference plasma (Bureau of Biologics, FDA, USA), an overdose HBIg was added to a final concentration of about 0.4 IU anti-HBs/ml. 6 chimpanzees, injected either with the control plasma derivatives or with the untreated infectious reference plasma, were infected with hepatitis B virus, whereas 5 chimpanzees, injected either with the test plasma derivatives or the infectious reference plasma to which the HBIg had been added, did not show any evidence of hepatitis B infection during the follow-up of 1 year. Addition of a low dose of HBIg to potentially infectious plasma derivatives appears to be a reliable measure to eliminate the hepatitis B transmission and is preferred to other methods for labile plasma derivatives.
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PMID:Contributions to the optimal use of human blood. IX. Elimination of hepatitis B transmission by (potentially) infectious plasma derivatives. 662 9

Since 1973, we have identified and collected follow-up data on 16 patients with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis. Preliminary diagnostic criteria are the presence of typical urticarial skin lesions and low levels of serum complement (all components), plus two of the following: dermal venulitis, arthritis, glomerulo-nephritis, episcleritis or uveitis, recurrent abdominal pain, and C1q precipitin in plasma. Exclusions are systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed cryoglobulinemia, elevated antinuclear antibody titer, hereditary deficiency of a complement component or of C1 esterase inhibitor, and presence of anti-native DNA or hepatitis B antigen. The renal involvement is relatively benign, and generally the patients do well and respond to specific treatment when this is indicated. Eight of 10 smokers studied had evidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 1 of whom died of this complication. In three patients, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease developed at a young age after relatively low pack-year cigarette smoking histories. Lung disease probably results from the interaction of two major risk factors-smoking and an immunologically mediated process that has not been identified.
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PMID:Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis: association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 704 Aug 25

We attempted to determine the seropositivity of HIV-positive patients to other antibodies (herpes, CMV, rubella, varicella, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, chlamydia, mumps, toxoplasmosis). The study was carried out at the Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy Centre of a Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 70 patients (50 females and 20 males) attending the centre between June 1997 and December 2005 who were screened and found to be HIV-seropositive were further screened for herpes simplex IgG/IgM, CMV IgG/IgM, rubella IgG/IgM, varicella IgG/IgM, mumps IgG/IgM, toxoplasmosis IgG/IgM, chlamydia IgG/IgM, hepatitis B and hepatitis C IgG/IgM using ELISA kits and syphilis (THPA) using the HAE method. Our study showed that a large number of HIV-positive patients are carriers of other antibodies and should be screened for them before therapy.
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PMID:Seroprevalence of other antibodies (herpes, CMV, rubella, varicella, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, chlamydia, mumps, toxoplasmosis) in HIV-positive patients. 2179 83

A 71-year-old (C1I) and 69-year-old (C2I) Japanese female contracted fulminant hepatitis B after 50 and 49 years of marriage, respectively. Both index cases exhibited high levels of anti-HBc IgM antibodies (24.2 and 31.5 S/CO, respectively), suggestive of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, although they had no discernible risk factors for HBV infection, except for chronically HBV-infected spouses with detectable HBV DNA (3.3 log copies/ml [C1S: 72-year-old] and 7.2 log copies/ml [C2S: 71-year-old]). The HBV genotype/subgenotype was identical in each couple (B/B1 or C/C2). The HBV isolates from the index cases and spouses shared a nucleotide sequence identity of 99.5% and 99.7%, respectively, over the entire genome, and these four isolates had the highest nucleotide sequence identity of only 97% to HBV isolates deposited in DNA databases. Phylogenetic trees confirmed a close relationship of the HBV isolates between C1I and C1S and between C2I and C2S, supported by a high bootstrap value of 100% within each couple, indicating the transfer of HBV infection between spouses. These four isolates shared a precore mutation of G1896A known to be associated with fulminant hepatitis B. Although the history of sexual contact within a reasonable incubation period was obscure for one stable, monogamous couple (C1I and C1S), the other couple had a monogamous sexual relationship within six months prior to disease onset. This study indicates that two elderly Japanese patients with fulminant hepatitis B acquired HBV infection via interspousal (most likely sexual) transmission during long-lasting marriages.
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PMID:Molecular analysis of the interspousal transmission of hepatitis B virus in two Japanese patients who acquired fulminant hepatitis B after 50 and 49 years of marriage. 2513 75

Background: Replacement therapy with plasma-derived C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) has been used for decades to treat patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1-INH deficiency. Objective: This article reviewed the rationale for using C1-INH replacement therapy in patients with HAE and the process of manufacturing plasma-derived C1-INH. Methods: The manufacture of C1-INH is an involved and carefully monitored process that includes screening and selection of prospective donors, the collection of source plasma, and purification with dedicated pathogen reduction steps. Donor eligibility is determined by restrictive criteria established and monitored by regulatory agencies as well as voluntary standards implemented by plasma collection centers that exceed government regulations. Individual and pooled donations are tested for transfusion-transmissible infections, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, parvovirus B19, and hepatitis A virus, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or nucleic acid amplification technologies. Frozen plasma that is cleared for manufacturing undergoes controlled thawing and centrifugation, and the resulting supernatant (i.e., cryoprecipitate-depleted plasma) is used to manufacture several plasma-derived therapies, including C1-INH. In addition to chromatography steps, the manufacturing process consists of dedicated and effective pathogen reduction steps, including pasteurization, hydrophobic interaction chromatography or polyethylene glycol precipitation, and virus filtration. Manufacturers continuously monitor the safety profile of C1-INH products by robust pharmacovigilance processes that enable systematic collection and evaluation of all suspected adverse drug reaction reports as well as evaluation of safety information from all other sources. Results and Conclusion: These procedures used in donor screening, donation and manufacturing pool testing, manufacturing, and pharmacovigilance ensure that plasma-derived C1-INH products have the safety, quality, identity, potency, and purity that is necessary to provide the intended therapeutic effect.
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PMID:Manufacturing of plasma-derived C1-inhibitor concentrate for treatment of patients with hereditary angioedema. 3179 51