Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The IgG subclass distribution of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was investigated in 19 children with chronic active hepatitis B infection who showed a complete serological seroconversion after interferon-alpha therapy. Determinations were done 6 and 12 months after treatment. Our results showed no selectivity in anti-HBs synthesis among IgG subclasses. All 4 IgG isotypes were involved in the response, with similar percentage contributions, on average, of IgG1 (35%), IgG3 (27%), and IgG4 (28%), followed by IgG2 (10%). IgG4 became the second most dominant isotype at the end of observation. These results are in contrast to those found after natural seroconversion, in which anti-HBs was highly restricted to neutralizing IgG1 and IgG3, with only a minor contribution from IgG2 and IgG4. It is postulated that analysis of the specific profiles of IgG subclasses may be of value for the estimation of the therapeutic efficacy of recombinant interferon-alpha used and may be helpful in choosing more-effective treatment.
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PMID:IgG subclass distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies induced in children with chronic hepatitis B infection after interferon-alpha therapy. 1083 93

The number of IgG subclasses for hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (anti-HBc), demonstrated for HBV-infected individuals, was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four commercially available hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) plates and one prepared plate were tested for ELISA sensitivity by the detection of 14 serum samples drawn from HBV chronic carriers, cured patients, vaccinees, and non-infected individuals. Differences in optical density (OD) values were obtained by comparing data gathered from the five plate types, suggesting that different plates may have different binding capabilities for each anti-HBc IgG subclass and, thus, contribute to the different ELISA sensitivities. Of these plates, the GB plate showed the most obvious absorbance changes for anti-HBc subclasses in different populations. These data also indicated different patterns for IgG-specific subclasses for various populations. For HBsAg+ carriers, the OD for IgG1 was greater than for IgG3. By contrast, the OD for IgG3 was higher than that for IgG1 in those subjects who were negative for HBsAg.
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PMID:Anti-HBc IgG subclasses in different populations by comparing a variety of ELISA plates. 1148 18

A 51-year-old man without human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus was admitted with left scrotum swelling and hydrocele. The cytological finding of fluid in the left scrotum revealed malignant lymphoma, and the immunophenotypic analysis and monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain demonstrated B-cell lymphoma. However, no solid tumor of lymphoma was identified in the specimen following a left orchiectomy, or in any other body site and genomic human herpes virus-8 and Epstein-Barr virus were not detected in the lymphoma cells. So we interpreted this as a primary effusion lymphoma without any ethological viral infection. Subsequently, he underwent chemo-radiation therapy and has remained in remission.
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PMID:Primary effusion lymphoma of the left scrotum. 1272 25

Hepatitis B is a well known problem in dialysis units. We therefore examined the historical frequency of hepatitis B carriers in our unit, our vaccination program to hepatitis B virus (HBV), the response to hepatitis B vaccine, the IgG subclass response of anti-HBs and the response and IgG subclass response to pneumococcal vaccination (another vaccine) in dialysis patients. From 1970 and onwards 23 HBV carriers were found, but no new cases of hepatitis B occurred during the study period, i.e. from 1980 and onwards. Only one of the carriers was alive by the end of 2001. In four patients liver disease (in one of them liver cirrhosis) may have been a concomitant cause of death. The antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine was significantly lower in patients than in staff. In four patients a fourth injection was cancelled due to transplantation and bad health, while such data were lacking in 8 cases. In anti-HBs positive patients and controls a significant difference in the response of healthy adults was observed in anti-HBs IgG1 (p < 0.001) vs all other IgG subclasses. Dialysis patients had low levels, or negative findings, in all cases, with IgG1 as the highest proportion found (3/11 patients). An antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination was registered in 25 out of 29 dialysis patients (in all 86%). The IgG-subclass vaccination response to pneumococci in 28 dialysis patients was mainly IgG2 and IgG1 but also occurred in IgG3 and IgG4. Prevaccination antibody levels of the controls were higher in IgG1 and IgG2 (p < 0.01) (n = 21) than in dialysis patients (n = 28). Hepatitis B is nowadays a rare, but still dangerous disease in nephrology units. Dialysis patients have a reduced response to hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination schedules should be started early as some patients otherwise may not receive a fourth injection. The adequate antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination mainly due to IgG2 and IgG1 antibodies indicates that the antigen involved is important in vaccination responses in dialysis patients.
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PMID:Perspectives on hepatitis B infections and the efficacy of vaccination (hepatitis B and pneumococci) in dialysis patients. 1290 38

Asthma is a disease that demonstrates chronic Th2 lymphocyte-mediated pulmonary inflammation. We hypothesized that cytokines produced by asthmatic lung inflammation bias the immune response to antigens administered systemically toward a Th2 response, as assessed by serum IgE antibody and lymphocyte-secreted IL-4 and IL-5. We also hypothesized that treatment of asthmatic children with local anti-inflammatory agents reduces this cytokine-mediated Th2 influence. We systemically immunized groups of asthmatic children (n=29) who were participating in a long-term, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of inhaled anti-inflammatory therapy (Childhood Asthma Management Program) and nonasthmatic children (n=12) with hepatitis B (Hep B) antigen, and examined their antigen-specific antibody and lymphocyte cytokine secretion profiles. The asthmatic population demonstrated an increased amount of Th2-mediated serum IgE anti-Hep B antibody, as compared to nonasthmatic children; but comparable amounts of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA, and IgM anti-Hep B antibody and lymphocyte IFNgamma, IL4, and IL5. There was no significant difference of antibody isotype or cytokine production between asthmatic subjects receiving treatment with budesonide or nedocromil, as compared to placebo. In conclusion, there is a subtle bias in responses to systemic immunization in children with asthma, but anti-inflammatory therapy does not affect this bias. The findings support the concept that the Th2 bias may be largely genetic. Importantly, we confirmed that children with asthma, including even those on inhaled corticosteroids, responded to Hep B immunization as well as did nonasthmatic children with the major isotypes of anti-Hep B antibody, suggesting that vaccine protection against hepatitis B is not influenced by inhaled steroid therapy.
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PMID:Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in asthmatic children. 1461 45

To study IgG subclasses for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (anti-HBc) in different populations, a comparison was made between 104 chronic carriers (60 male and 44 female) and 434 recovered individuals (247 male and 192 female). Biochemistry analyses of AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) were also performed. Among the 104 chronic carriers, 21 patients were found to be ALT and AST abnormal (> 25 IU/ml). After comparing these ALT and AST abnormal patients with other ALT and AST normal chronic carriers, no statistical difference was observed in the OD values of the anti-HBe (p > 0.05). The ELISA results showed the anti-HBc IgG subclass pattern was IgG1 > IgG3 > IgG4 in chronic carriers and IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG4 in recovered individuals (p < 0.05). This result suggests the IgG1/IgG3 ratio may be related with HBV status. However, in spite of the different anti-HBc IgG1/IgG3 patterns demonstrated in different populations, both anti-HBc IgG1 and IgG3 concentrations were significantly higher in chronic carriers (p < 0.05). Therefore, both the anti-HBc IgG1/IgG3 ratio and their amounts differed. They may play a significant role in chronic carriers and recovered individuals. The anti-HBc IgG subclass profiles of chronic carriers were not changed regardless of liver inflammation, and were independent of sex and age.
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PMID:The study of IgG subclass profiles of anti-hbc in populations with different status of HBV infection. 1636 67

To study IgG-specific subclasses of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (anti-HBs), in different populations in Taiwan, a comparison was made between 104 chronic carriers (60 male and 44 female) and 439 recovered individuals (247 male and 192 female). Biochemical analyses of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also performed. Among the 104 chronic carriers, 21 patients had abnormal ALT and AST levels (> 25 IU/ml). When comparing the patients with abnormal ALT and AST levels to chronic carriers with normal ALT and AST levels, no statistical difference was observed for anti-HBs levels (p > 0.05). The IgG subclass pattern of the relative anti-HBs IgG subclass titers was IgG1 > IgG3 = IgG4 in both chronic carriers and recovered individuals (p < 0.05). IgG1 is the predominant anti-HBs antibody after HBV infection, in either chronic carriers or in HBV-cured individuals. This finding is partly inconsistent with data reported from other group who suggested in individuals naturally infected, the anti-HBs IgG consists mainly of IgG3 and IgG1. In contrast to that of our previous studies of anti-HBe and anti-HBc, the mean OD values of anti-HBs total IgG, and all IgG subclasses except for IgG2, of either males or females, were significantly higher in recovered individuals than in chronic carriers, while the mean OD values of anti-HBe and anti-HBc were significantly higher in chronic carriers than in recovered individuals (P < 0.05). The IgG subclass profile of anti-HBs in chronic carriers was not changed with liver inflammation and was independent of sex and age, except in individuals with abnormal ALT and AST for whom anti-HBs IgG1 was not significantly higher than IgG3 (p > 0.05), in spite of that whose mean O.D. value is higher.
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PMID:Study of IgG subclass profiles of anti-HBs in populations with different HBV infection status. 1681 70

Fourteen serum samples obtained from hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic carriers and patients recovered from hepatitis B infection were used with four sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates available commercially, and one self-prepared HBcAg analog for evaluation of anti-HBe subclass pattern absorbance. The self-prepared plates had the best performance and were thus used for samples obtained from 104 (60 male and 44 female) HBV chronic carriers and 439 (247 male and 192 female) recovered individuals. Tests for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also carried out in 21 of the subjects (>25 IU/ml). Statistical comparison of these patients with elevated ALT/AST levels with other ALT/AST-normal chronic carriers revealed no significant differences in the anti-HBe OD, although the mean optical density (OD) of patients with elevated ALT/AST levels was higher. The results suggest that the anti-HBe IgG subclass profiles in the chronic carriers did not change with inflammation of the liver, and were independent of sex and age. In contrast to previous anti-HBc findings, the distribution pattern of anti-HBe subclasses in HBV chronic carriers was IgG1 > IgG4 > IgG3 while in the recovered individuals it was IgG1 > IgG3 > IgG4, for both males and females. Subclasses IgG1 and IgG2 were the most and least prevalent isotypes, respectively, in both study groups. The results of the study suggest that induction of IgG1 and/or IgG3 antibodies is important for effective virus neutralization, while IgG2 antibodies are of limited importance. Significantly higher OD values for anti-HBe IgG4 were observed when comparing samples from the chronic carriers and recovered individuals, which may reflect the effects of persistence. Further, in contrast to previous anti-HBs results, the concentrations of total IgG and IgG1 were higher in the samples from chronic carriers relative to those from recovered individuals.
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PMID:Utilizing self-prepared ELISA plates for a cross-population study of different anti-HBe IgG subclass profiles. 1738 71

We review our progress using genomics approaches to examine key antiviral defenses of the White Pekin mallard duck, Anas platyrhynchos. Our interest stems from the fact that ducks are the natural host of avian influenza, and are an important animal model for hepatitis B research. First, we have conducted an expressed sequence tag (EST) project and identified more than 200 immune relevant genes in the duck. Our analysis of these genes allows us to evaluate the homology between ducks and their closest genetic model organism, the chicken. We have also constructed genomic and cDNA libraries from the same individual duck, allowing us to directly compare expressed sequences with those present in the genome. These resources allow us to determine the organization and expression of regions of the genome important in antiviral defenses. Here we examine the organization of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, the Major Histocompatibility Complex class I region, the lectin immunoreceptors and Toll-like receptor 7. We discuss our research-in-progress in the context of the immune defense against viruses, particularly influenza.
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PMID:Genomics of antiviral defenses in the duck, a natural host of influenza and hepatitis B viruses. 1767 60

The magnitude of the immune response to vaccinations can be influenced by genetic variability. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether cytokine or cytokine receptor gene polymorphisms were associated with variations in the immune response to childhood vaccination. The study group consisted of 141 healthy infants who had been immunized with hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PCV7), and diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines according to standard childhood immunization schedules. Genotype analysis was performed on genomic DNA using a 5' nuclease PCR assay. Post vaccination total, isotypic, and antigen-specific serum antibody levels were measured using multiplex immunoassays. Significant associations were observed between SNPs in the TNFalpha, IL-12B, IL-4Ralpha, and IL-10 genes and vaccine-specific immune responses (p<0.05). In addition, SNPs in the IL-1beta, TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-4Ralpha, and IL-12B genes were associated with variations in serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and IgG isotypes (IgG1-IgG3) (p<0.05). These data suggest that genetic variations in cytokine genes can influence vaccine-induced immune responses in infants, which in turn may influence vaccine efficacy.
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PMID:Influence of cytokine gene variations on immunization to childhood vaccines. 1981 9


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