Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The morphological similarities between B and non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses prompted the search for common antigenic determinants between the two agents. Major antigenic cross-reactivity was demonstrated by immunodiffusion between hepatitis B e/3 and the most common circulating antigen previously reported in the serum of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. Since it is the equivalent of an e antigen, this antigen will be hereafter referred to as non-A, non-B/e antigen. Screening with hepatitis B e/3 antigen or anti-hepatitis B e/3 by immunodiffusion may be used as an easy and efficient way to test for non-A, non-B hepatitis in the absence of specific reagents since it detected up to 91% of non-A, non-B antigen and 86% of anti-non-A, non-B/e. Antigenic cross-reactivity may be used to look for additional viruses belonging to the hepatitis B group.
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PMID:Use of the cross-reactivity between hepatitis B and non-A, non-B viruses for the identification and detection of non-A, non-B 'e' antigen. 616 43

An antigen-antibody system has been identified by immunofluorescence in patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. The non-A, non-B antigen was localized in the hepatocyte nuclei of liver biopsies from patients with acute post-transfusion or sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis and in those from patients with chronic post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis, the percentage of positive cells being most prominent in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Absence of the antigen in normal livers and in livers from patients with type B hepatitis infection indicated its specific association with non-A, non-B infection. Antibody reacting with the nuclear antigen became detectable in serum during post-transfusion acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in 11 out of 15 cases; it was absent before transfusion. Six out of 12 cases of sporadic acute non-A, non-B hepatitis were also found to produce the antibody, which was repeatedly found to be absent during the acute phase in five patients with type A and in eight with type B hepatitis. The non-A, non-B antibody, mainly an IgM antibody, persisted in serum for prolonged periods of time after onset, both in patients showing biochemical resolution of their illness and in those who continued to have liver damage after the acute phase. Accordingly, eight out of nine patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis were found positive for the antibody in serum, seven at the time the non-A, non-B antigen was detected in their liver. Thus this non-A, non-B associated antigen-antibody system shares remarkable similarities of behaviour with the "core" system of the hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:Detection by immunofluorescence of an antigen-antibody system in patients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. 681 7

Serum hepatitis B antigen-antibody system was detected by ELISA method in 150 patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with positive AFP. The overall infection rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was 86.0% (129/150). According to the antigens and antibodies to HBV, two major types of seven models could be demonstrated. In type I (including models 1 to 4) HBV infection was present in 81.9%, 74.6% among whom were considered to be of weak infectivity and 7.3% of strong one. In type II (including models 5 to 7) 18.0% (27/150) had no antigen and antibody to HBV was detected, indicating the absence of HBV infection. This study suggests that chronic infection with HBV is the major etiologic agent for human HCC and the patients with HCC often accompanied by active HBV replication.
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PMID:[Serum hepatitis B antigen-antibody system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]. 869 98

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) became established as invaluable models for the study of human viral hepatitis after it was discovered, in 1967, that the chronic hepatitis B antigen carrier state existed in a naturally infected member of this species (1-3). They were instrumental in the development of hepatitis B serologic marker assays and vaccines, and in safety testing human blood products for inactivation of this virus. In 1974, after hepatitis B-positive donor blood was no longer used, it was suggested that there were one or more unknown viral agents causing posttransfusion hepatitis (4,5) and chimpanzees were the most likely candidates for testing this hypothesis. By 1978 there were already three published reports that chimpanzees gave conclusive evidence of disease transmission after inoculation with putatively infectious materials from human patients with the newly named non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) (6-8).
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PMID:The chimpanzee model : contributions and considerations elizabeth muchmore. 2137 98

Portable, on-site blood typing methods will help provide life-saving blood transfusions to patients during an emergency or natural calamity, such as significant earthquakes. We have previously developed waveguide-mode (WM) sensors for forward ABO and Rh(D) blood typing and detection of antibodies against hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. In this study, we evaluated a WM-sensor for reverse ABO blood typing. Since reverse ABO blood typing is a method for detection of antibodies against type A and type B oligosaccharide antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), we fixed a synthetic type A or type B trisaccharide antigen on the sensor chip of the WM sensor. We obtained significant changes in the reflectance spectra from a WM sensor on type A antigen with type B plasma and type O plasma and on type B antigen with type A plasma and type O plasma, and no spectrum changes on type A antigen or type B antigen with type AB plasma. Signal enhancement with the addition of a peroxidase reaction failed to increase the sensitivity for detection on oligosaccharide chips. By utilizing hemagglutination detection using regent type A and type B RBCs, we successfully determined reverse ABO blood groups with higher sensitivity compared to a method using oligosaccharide antigens. Thus, functionality of a portable device utilizing a WM sensor can be expanded to include reverse ABO blood typing and, in combination with forward ABO typing and antivirus antibody detection, may be useful for on-site blood testing in emergency settings.
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PMID:Sensitive typing of reverse ABO blood groups with a waveguide-mode sensor. 2949 94

To date, it remains unclear if severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infection exacerbates liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we present a retrospective study of 133 hospitalized confirmed mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, including 116 patients with COVID-19 with negative serum hepatitis B antigen and 17 HBV inactive carriers with COVID-19. We found that there were no significant differences for the discharge rate or duration of hospitalization between the two groups. However, inactive HBV carriers with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection are at a higher risk of abnormal liver function tests. The enhanced liver injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 and HBV co-infection was identified as the hepatocyte type rather than the cholangiocyte type. Moreover, the inflammatory response, including abnormal lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer and interleukin-6 production, may contribute to this injury following SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 and HBV co-infection exacerbates liver function of the patients with COVID-19.
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PMID:Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HBV co-infection are at risk of greater liver injury. 3322 36


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