Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of jaundice associated with three out of four batches of a commercial brand of freeze-dried factor-VIII concentrate occurred at the Bournemouth haemophilia centre between April and June, 1974. Seven cases of non-B hepatitis and four of hepatitis B occurred within 6 months of the first use of this product. Two patients contracted both types of hepatitis; thus nine patients became ill out of a total of twenty regularly seen at the centre, eighteen of whom received commercial factor-VIII concentrate.
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PMID:An outbreak of hepatitis associated with intravenous injection of factor-VIII concentrate. 5 75

The recombinant gene for hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was cloned and expressed, and the protein was purified from Escherichia coli cultures. Purified HBcAg was tested for the effects of various physical and chemical agents on its immunoreactivity by a paramagnetic particle-based enzyme immunoassay. Recombinant HBcAg retained its immunoreactivity when heated at 70 degrees C for 60 min but was inactivated at 85 degrees C in 10 min. It was stable between pHs 5 and 10.5 but not at pHs 2 and 13.5. Treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ethanol, and methanol caused a significant loss in HBcAg reactivity. The proteolytic enzymes papain and bacterial protease (type VIII from Bacillus licheniformis) degraded HBcAg significantly, but trypsin and chymotrypsin did not. The effect of combined SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol on recombinant HBcAg was an immediate loss in immunoreactivity, followed by rapid recovery to about 50% of the initial level. This level was maintained for 24 to 48 h and was followed by an almost total loss of HBcAg in about 120 h.
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PMID:Stability of the recombinant hepatitis B core antigen. 162 88

The prevalence, clinical manifestations and serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) infections were studied in 117 Israeli hemophiliacs. Positive serological markers for HBV infection (HB surface antigen, antibody to HB surface antigen or antibody to HB core antigen) were more common in patients treated with non heat-treated F-VIII concentrates (NHTC) than with cryoprecipitate (48/49 vs. 23/29, P less than 0.05), and in patients treated with greater than 10,000 factor units/year (90% vs. 62%, P less than 0.05). Of the 117 patients, 55% were HIV negative, 29% had asymptomatic HIV seropositivity and 16% had symptomatic HIV infection (lymphadenopathy syndrome, AIDS-related complex or AIDS). HIVB seropositivity was more common in patients treated with NHTC than in those treated with cryoprecipitate (83% vs. 11%, P less than 0.001), and in patients treated with greater than 100,000 compared to less than 10,000 F-VIII units/year (70% vs. 15%, P less than 0.001). Hypergammaglobulinemia correlated with HIV seropositivity, alanine aminotransferase levels and type and amount of concentrate therapy. Of 50 HIV-seropositive patients, 40 (98%) had serological markers of HBV infection compared with only 40 of 52 HIV-negative patients (77%) (P less than 0.01). Symptomatic HIV infection was more common in patients with a positive history of jaundice, 7 of 18 (38%) compared with 12 of 99 (12%) (P less than 0.005). These findings suggest that HBV and HIV infections are less prevalent in cryoprecipitate-treated patients, and that HBV seropositivity is a predictor of HIV seropositivity in hemophiliacs.
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PMID:The prevalence and interaction of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infections in Israeli hemophiliacs. 195 12

The treatment of plasma with organic solvent/detergent mixtures at the time of plasma collection or pooling could reduce the exposure of technical staff to infectious viruses and enhance the viral safety of the final product. Treatment of plasma for 4 hours with 2-percent tri(n-butyl)phosphate (TNBP) at 37 degrees C, with 1-percent TNBP and 1-percent polyoxyethylensorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) at 30 degrees C, or with 1-percent TNBP and 1-percent polyoxyethylene ethers, (Triton X-45) at 30 degrees C resulted in the rapid and complete inactivation of greater than or equal to 10(4) tissue culture-infectious doses (TCID50) of vesicular stomatitis and Sindbis viruses, which are used as surrogates. Treatment of plasma with TNBP and TNBP and Tween-80 was shown to inactivate greater than or equal to 10(4) TCID50 of human immunodeficiency virus. TNBP treatment of plasma contaminated with 10(6) chimpanzee-infectious doses (CID50) of hepatitis B virus and 10(5) CID50 of non-A,non-B hepatitis virus prevented the transmission of hepatitis to chimpanzees. Immediately after treatment of plasma with 2-percent TNBP, the recovery of factors VIII, IX, and V and antithrombin III was 80, 90, 40, and 100 percent, respectively. Recovery of all factors was greater than or equal to 90 percent after treatment with TNBP and detergent mixtures. Treated plasma was fractionated by standard techniques into antihemophilic factor and prothrombin complex concentrates, immune globulin, and albumin. Prior treatment with TNBP or TNBP and detergent did not affect the separations of desired proteins. Therefore, it appears possible to inactivate viruses in plasma before the execution of standard fractionation procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The use of tri(n-butyl)phosphate detergent mixtures to inactivate hepatitis viruses and human immunodeficiency virus in plasma and plasma's subsequent fractionation. 175 94

We carried out safety studies in 45 previously untreated patients with congenital coagulatory defects, who needed to be treated with clotting factor concentrates. Non-A, non-B hepatitis developed in patients who received dry heated F VIII preparations with or without chloroform, but not in those who were infused with hot-steam treated F VIII or chromatography treated F IX. Hepatitis B developed in 3 unvaccinated patients who received the same lot of hot steam treated F VIII. None of the 45 patients we have investigated developed HTLV-III/LAV antibody. Thus, dry heating of concentrates does not prevent hepatitis transmission. Hot-steam and hydrophobic interaction chromatography seem to be more effective in preventing hepatitis transmission, but not completely safe. All the above procedures except hot steam seem to protect from hepatitis B. They all seem to prevent HTLV-III/LAV transmission.
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PMID:Clinical studies with treated clotting factor concentrates. 303 39

Factor VIII deficient plasma was made from pooled, HIV antibody and hepatitis B antigen screened, normal human plasma by cryoprecipitation and immuno-depletion, using three different monoclonal antibodies bound to Sepharose columns, in series. These monoclonal antibodies are specific respectively for von Willebrand factor, factor VIII heavy chain and factor VIII light chain. The immunodepleted plasma contained less than 0.002 u/ml factor VIII coagulation activity (VIII:C) less than 0.0001 u/ml von Willebrand factor antigen and 1-2 g/l fibrinogen, while the levels of other clotting factors were unchanged. This immunodepleted plasma was compared with commercial factor VIII deficient plasma obtained from a severe haemophilia A patient as substrate in the one-stage factor VIII assay. Plasmas obtained from 20 normal subjects and 28 patients with von Willebrand's disease or haemophilia A were assayed for VIII:C using the two substrates. The results were very highly correlated (r = 0.96). The columns have high capacity and can be regenerated at least 10 times. Large-scale production of a substrate for factor VIII assays free of virus contamination is now feasible.
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PMID:Production of factor VIII deficient plasma by immunodepletion using three monoclonal antibodies. 311 89

A factor VIII concentrate prepared from large plasma pools and then exposed to hot vapour to inactivate blood-borne viruses was evaluated in 28 factor-VIII deficient patients (14 vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus, HBV) who had not been treated with any blood product and hence were highly susceptible to the development of post-transfusion hepatitis. Tests for aminotransferases and HBV markers were made every 2 weeks in the first 4 months and at 5, 6 and 12 months. Twenty-four patients were considered not to have developed hepatitis, either because they had no elevations of aminotransferases or did not become seropositive for HBV markers. The four remaining unvaccinated patients (three treated with the same batch and the fourth with a different one) developed HBV infection 8-24 weeks after the first concentrate infusion. Hence, this method of viral inactivation did not afford complete protection from hepatitis B.
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PMID:Prospective study of hepatitis after factor VIII concentrate exposed to hot vapour. 313 99

Up to 30% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suffer from Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). The histogenesis and neoplastic nature of this tumor is still controversial. We have established cell cultures of KS biopsies from 7 patients with AIDS. All donors were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus I (HIV-I), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The tumors were histologically shown to be KS. Cell cultures derived from these tumors all expressed the endothelial cell marker BMA 120 antigen. Most of these cultures were positive for acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) uptake and alkaline phosphatase (AP) expression, and negative for factor-VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg). The staining pattern was heterogeneous with respect to number of endothelial cell markers expressed in each culture. We conclude from subcloning experiments that the cultured cells cease to express acLDL receptor and AP, but not the antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) BMA 120. The cells grew well in culture up to 50 passages and showed a fibroblast-like morphology. Assays performed to investigate their degree of malignancy revealed a significantly increased passage number under reduced serum conditions as compared to normal fibroblasts but no tumor formation in nude mice. Neither HIV, HBV nor CMV sequences were found in any of the cell lines tested. We conclude that AIDS-KS is an endothelial-cell-derived neoplasm of low malignancy and that HIV, HBV and CMV are not directly involved in its genesis.
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PMID:Cultured, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma cells express endothelial cell markers and are weakly malignant in vitro. 314 Dec 99

Hemophiliacs are well known to be among the high-risk groups for acquiring acquired immunodeficiency syndrome due to their frequent exposure to pooled blood products. We reviewed our recent experience involving hemophiliacs undergoing a variety of otolaryngologic surgical procedures. A protocol was developed to minimize the risks of hemorrhage through the judicious use of preoperative and post-operative coagulation replacement products. Modern hemostatic techniques, such as the use of the surgical laser, also had a role in lessening the incidence of bleeding problems. The relative risks of the various hemostatic products with regard to the transmission of communicable diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hepatitis were evaluated. Recent data suggest that heat treatment of factors VIII and IX concentrates eliminates the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome transmission, and these heated concentrates should be used in preference to older products. Hepatitis remains a problem, but this risk may be reduced to some degree through immunization with hepatitis B vaccines that have recently been proved safe and effective.
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PMID:Management of hemophilia in otolaryngologic surgery. A contemporary protocol. 314 97

To assess the sterilization efficacy of a combined Tween 80, beta-propiolactone and ultraviolet irradiation procedure applied to a F VIII preparation to which an estimated 10(5.9) chimpanzee infectious doses (CID50) of hepatitis B virus had been added per ml, two chimpanzees were inoculated with 10 ml each of treated and untreated preparations. The untreated preparation, which was obtained from donors with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, induced non-A, non-B hepatitis in both recipient animals, and delayed hepatitis B infection in one of these. Neither animal receiving the treated preparation developed either type of hepatitis. When subsequently challenged with the untreated material, both of the latter animals developed non-A, non-B and hepatitis B infection, proving their susceptibility to both types of infection. It was concluded that the combined procedure inactivated an estimated 10(6.9) CID50 of hepatitis B virus and an unknown quantity of a non-A, non-B virus. The finding of non-A, non-B virus infectivity in a pooled F VIII preparation despite careful ALT screening of plasma donors emphasizes the necessity of subjecting such preparations to sterilization procedures.
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PMID:Inactivation of hepatitis B and non-A, non-B viruses by combined use of Tween 80, beta-propiolactone, and ultraviolet irradiation. 641 46


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