Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After hepatitis B vaccine immunization, serum antibody response was of primary type in 33 cases with anti-HBs less than 2.1 S/N (S/N Ratio Unit) at T0, the anti-HBs positive rate was 39.4%, 84.8%, 96.7% and 96.7% in T1, T2, T0 and T12 respectively. Anti-HBs S/N rose gradually month by month, the antibody response in younger children was better than that in adult. Anamnestic type in 38 cases with anti-HBs greater than 2.1 S/N at T0, the antibody levels rose rapidly in T1, T2 and began to fall in T8. The children were negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in sera by RPHA, PHA and ELISA respectively, most (100% in 1-4 age group and 63.2% in 5-9 age group) of them were also negative for HBV serological markers by SPRIA repeatedly, thus they were susceptible and need for hepatitis B vaccine immunization. Indication of hepatitis B vaccination for adult population was also discussed.
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PMID:[A preliminary study on response to hepatitis B vaccine in subjects with various levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen]. 258 18

Studies were undertaken to evaluate immunomodulating properties of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) preparations: HBsAg, HBeAg and their complexes: HBsAg-IgG and HBeAg-IgG, on PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Cells were obtained from blood of healthy individuals, serologically negative for HBV markers. HBV preparations were purified from sera of children with HBV-mediated glomerulonephritis. Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation observed in the presence of HBsAg and HBsAg-IgG complexes was irreversible. However, the suppressive effect of HBeAg and HBeAg-IgG was abolished when these preparations were removed from the culture. Addition of exogenous interleukin-2/IL-2/reversed only the suppressive effect of HBeAg-IgG which was constantly present in the culture. The inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation correlated well with the decreased level of IL-2 activity in cultures with HBV-preparations. Experiments performed using ultracentrifugation indicated that HBV preparations, especially HBsAg and HBsAg-IgG, may bind to IL-2 and inactivate it in supernatants. The experiments indicate that HBV antigens, as well as other viral products, can inhibit lymphocyte proliferative response to the mitogen. Furthermore, we suggest that this inhibition may occur via suppression of IL-2 synthesis.
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PMID:Effect of HBV antigens and their immune complexes on the PHA induced lymphocyte proliferation. Modulatory influence on interleukin-2 activity. 278 51

To test the hypothesis that reduced lymphocyte transformation in response to PHA in chronic hepatitis B virus infection might be due to deficient lymphokine production, lymphocyte transformation was measured in the presence or absence of exogenous interleukin 1, interleukin 2 or both, or, as a source of mixed lymphokines, supernatants from mixed lymphocyte reactions. The response to PHA was significantly impaired in patients compared to controls, but was not corrected by interleukin 1, interleukin 2 or supernatant from mixed lymphocyte reactions over a wide range of concentrations. Variation of the proportion of monocytes in culture or the addition of indomethacin had no effect on lymphocyte transformation. Thus, reduced lymphocyte proliferation in response to PHA in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection cannot be attributed to deficient lymphokine production or to active suppression by monocytes or prostaglandins and a direct role for the hepatitis B virus or a viral product is under investigation.
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PMID:Failure of exogenous interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 to correct decreased lymphocyte transformation in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. 295 84

In addition to a direct anti-viral effect, interferons have important immunological properties including effects on cell-mediated immunity and antibody production as well as cell-mediated cytolysis. In chronic hepatitis B virus infection the host immune system is important for the elimination of replicating virus and in addition to directly inhibiting hepatitis B virus replication, interferons may affect host immune responses. We investigated the effect of lymphoblastoid interferon in vitro on lymphocyte activation and cell-mediated cytolysis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The proliferative response to the mitogen PHA was significantly impaired in patients compared to controls. In addition supernatants of cultured mononuclear cells from patients stimulated with PHA contained less interleukin-2 activity than controls while the proportion of stimulated mononuclear cells expressing the interleukin-2 receptor was also reduced in patients. Prior incubation with 10(3) U ml-1 lymphoblastoid interferon increased both interleukin-2 activity and interleukin-2 receptor expression in patients and controls, although in patients the response was less marked. In contrast the proliferative response was unaffected. Natural killer cell activity against K562 cells was similar in patients and controls which in both groups was significantly augmented by prior incubation with 10(3) U ml-1 lymphoblastoid interferon; the increase was inversely proportional to baseline activity. In contrast incubation of target or effector cells with interferon did not augment T-cell cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes. The effects of lymphoblastoid interferon in vitro, were modest, but subtle changes in immunological status in addition to a direct effect on viral replication may be relevant to eventual clearance of the hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:In vitro effects of lymphoblastoid interferon on lymphocyte activation and cell-mediated cytolysis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. 311 Feb 63

There is a need for a simple, sensitive, specific, and inexpensive test for immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM). A solid phase passive hemagglutination test (SP-PHA) was developed for this purpose and compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) used in PHA and SP-PHA was synthesized in Escherichia coli. Human IgM was captured to a microtiter plate coated with anti-human IgM, and the presence of anti-HBc IgM was demonstrated by the adherence of HBcAg-sensitized erythrocytes to the bottom of a U-shaped microtiter plate. ELISA and SP-PHA were made at 1:100 and 1:1,000 serum dilution, respectively. Both were positive in 100% of 36 cases of acute hepatitis B, 68.18% of 22 cases of chronic hepatitis B, and 20% of 75 healthy carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but none in 65 anti-HBc-positive blood donors that had negative results for HBsAg. Results of both tests were identical but were false positive because rheumatoid factor was found only in ELISA. End-point titration by SP-PHA and PHA was also found useful for the differentiation of acute hepatitis B from chronic hepatitis B and HBsAg carriers.
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PMID:A new solid phase passive hemagglutination test for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. 381 60

To find more confined criteria for use of passive and/or active immunization for preventing perinatal development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier-state than maternal HBe antigenemia, maternal HBsAg-titers (R-PHA) around delivery and infantile HBeAg-titers-(EIA) are discussed. No children whose maternal HBsAg-titers around delivery were lower than 3(6) developed carrier-state in spite of maternal HBe antigenemia. In addition, at age 2 months serum HBeAg-titers of 6 children who had acquired persistent HBsAb were lower than 25, while those of 5 children who had developed carrier-state were higher than 70. These findings may contribute to the establishment of more confined indications for the administration of HBIG and/or HB vaccine to the children born to HBeAg-positive carrier women, saving not only HBIG and HB vaccine but all accompanied efforts of both patients and medical staff as well.
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PMID:More confined indications for use of combined passive and active immunization for preventing perinatal development of hepatitis B virus carrier-state--based on the natural history of hepatitis B virus-vertical transmission. 614 32

Patients with acute hepatitis B and HBV-induced chronic hepatitis as well as normal control persons participated in the study. Hepatitis patients of both groups have decreased OKT4+/OKT8+T cell ratios due to an percental increase of OKT8+T cells in peripheral blood compared to the data of controls. Lymphocyte cultures of chronic hepatitis patients show reduced DNA synthesis after stimulation by allogeneic non-T cells, PHA, Con A and PWM. PWM-induced immunoglobulin secretion by B cells, determined by means of a reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) and a solid phase ELISA, showed comparable results in hepatitis B patients and controls. The AMLR, which is thought to reflect an autologous immunoregulatory phenomenon, is slightly impaired in cultures of hepatitis B patients in comparison to controls. Con A-induced suppressor cell activity on T cell reactions is decreased in hepatitis, whereas suppressor cell activity on B cell activation is within the same range as in cultures of controls. It is concluded from these data, that suppressor cell activity on T cell function is impaired in hepatitis B, whereas B cell functions and suppressor cell activity on B cell function are in the normal range. The results with the functional assays and the finding of increased proportions of OKT8+T cells in hepatitis B are considered to reflect properties of different T cell subpopulations, responsible for different immunoregulatory functions.
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PMID:Studies on immunoregulatory mechanisms in acute and chronic hepatitis B. 622 54

Eighty-eight asymptomatic HBsAg carriers were examined for cellular and humoral immunity and markers of virus B hepatitis in liver tissue and blood serum. The following results were obtained: HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue were found in 10 and 19 out of the 24 examinees, respectively, HBeAg and anti-Hbe in blood serum in 2 and 20 out of the 25 examinees, respectively. No alterations were recorded on the part of humoral immunity. Changes in cellular immunity manifested themselves by reduction in the number of T lymphocytes, and decreased response to PHA. Sensitization to HBsAg led to the purification of hepatitis B virus whereas the presence of simultaneous sensitization to liver-specific lipoprotein contributed to development of graver patterns of liver injury. The role of the immune system and hepatitis B virus itself in the pathogenesis of liver injury in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers is discussed.
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PMID:[Cellular and humoral immunity in asymptomatic carriers of the hepatitis B virus]. 652 61

In order to assess the possible sexual transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the occurrence of post-marital acute hepatitis and the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (HBsAb) were investigated among the husbands of HBsAg carrier women. The possible infectious routes and influencing factors in the HBV infection of the husbands by their HBsAg carrier wives were also discussed. This study demonstrates: 1. In the husbands examined, the exposure marker of HBV was found to be 32.8 per cent and the occurrence rate of post-marital hepatitis came up to 7.2 per cent. 2. The transmission of HBV from HBsAg carrier women to their husbands was supposed to take place shortly after marriage. E-Ag and e-Ab in ther sera of HBsAg carrier women could serve respectively as indicators of positive and negative HBV transmission. In the husbands with wives whose serum HBsAg-titers by R-PHA were higher than 39, a high exposure marker of HBV (87.5%) was observed. 3. The results of HBsAg detection rates and titers in various kinds of body fluids obtained from HBsAg carrier women suggested that cervical mucus and vaginal discharge might play an important role in the sexual HBV transmission.
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PMID:[A study on the possible transmission of hepatitis B virus from HBsAg carrier women to their husbands (author's transl)]. 724 64

beta-D-mannoside beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) catalyzes the addition of N-acetylglucosamine in beta 1-4 linkage to the beta-linked mannose of the trimannosyl core of N-linked oligosaccharides and forms a bisecting GlcNAc structure. Although the biological meaning of the bisecting GlcNAc structure remains unclear, it is known that the attachment of a bisecting GlcNAc inhibits further processing of oligosaccharides by other glycosyltransferases. To investigate whether or not structural changes of oligosaccharides affect secretion and gene expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV), we introduced the GnT-III gene into a human hepatoma cell line, HB611, which secreted HBV-related proteins into the medium. Positive transfectants were cloned by hygromycin resistant selection. Three clones have high activities of GnT-III and secreted lower levels of HBV-related proteins into the medium in comparison with other clones. These clones showed marked suppression of HBV-related mRNAs and an increased binding with E-PHA as judged by lectin blot. Expression of beta actin, alpha fetoprotein, albumin, and prealubmin was not correlated with GnT-III activity in all the seven clones. Treatment of these cells with tunicamycin or swainsonine resulted in enhanced expression of HBV-related mRNA. These results indicate that some glycoproteins whose oligosaccharide structures are changed by over-expression of GnT-III suppress HBV gene expression.
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PMID:Transfection of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III gene suppresses expression of hepatitis B virus in a human hepatoma cell line, HB611. 749 30


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