Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventeen previously untreated boys with haemophilia A were treated with high purity heat treated factor VIII concentrate (8Y) for up to 36 months. Liver function tests were assessed monthly. No boy's serum has been shown to contain HIV antibodies and no increases in alanine transaminase activity have been detected. In only one patient was a single rise in aspartate transaminase activity noted, and this was without a corresponding rise in alanine transaminase. A second patient's serum contained hepatitis B core antibody transiently. It was thought likely in both cases that the abnormalities reflected intercurrent infections rather than disease associated with transfusion. The physical treatments used in the production of 8Y seem to inactivate the agent(s) responsible for non-A, non-B hepatitis and HIV transmission by transfusion of factor VIII has been abolished. There are, however, problems associated with conducting safety trials in young haemophiliac patients.
 ...
PMID:Safety trial of heated factor VIII concentrate (8Y). 251 Jun 7

Blood product sterilization with 0.3% tri(n-butyl)phosphate (TNBP)/0.2% sodium cholate (CA), a combination known to permit high recovery of factor VIII and factor IX, was evaluated for its effect on hepatitis B (HBV), non-A, non-B (NANB), and human T-lymphotropic type III (HTLV-III) viruses. 2 chimpanzees received factor VIII preparations contaminated with 100,000 chimpanzee infectious doses of HBV and treated with TNBP/CA. Neither had evidence of HBV during the 9 month follow-up, but hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) developed 5 and 6 weeks, respectively, after challenge with untreated inoculum. 2 chimpanzees were similarly exposed to NAMB inoculum treated with TNBP/CA. Neither became infected during 26 weeks of follow-up, but both had characteristic NANB-associated ultrastructural changes 3-5 weeks after exposure to untreated inoculum. 2 chimpanzees inoculated with TNBP/CA-treated factor VIII derived from a pool of 13 lots obtained from 5 US manufacturers remained free of any evidence of NANB infection during 32 weeks of follow-up. Subsequently, NANB infection developed in both animals 3-4 weeks after exposure to untreated inoculum. Exposure of HTLV-III diluted into a factor VIII preparation to TNBP/CA inactivated tissue culture infected doses within 20 minutes. These results demonstrate that exposure of labile blood derivatives to TNBP/CA effectively inactivates HBV, NANB, and HTLV-III viruses, although additional experiments with more potent inocula are needed to establish limits of inactivation efficacy against these agents. To provide absolute safety, a process efficacy of = or 5-6 log 10 is preferable.
 ...
PMID:Sterilisation of hepatitis and HTLV-III viruses by exposure to tri(n-butyl)phosphate and sodium cholate. 287 Feb 24

The main causes of hepatitis transmission by blood products are hepatitis B and non A non B hepatitis (NANB). A reduction in hepatitis transmission has been achieved by screening blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen, but it is not known what the effectiveness of screening donors for raised plasma alanine aminotransferase levels or hepatitis B core antibody will be. Attempts to reduce NANB hepatitis transmission have mainly focussed on heat treatment of factor VIII and IX concentrations, and preliminary data suggests that under certain heating conditions inactivation of the NANBvims occurs. Although albuminoid preparations are known not to transmit hepatitis, three immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous administration (IV IgG) have transmitted hepatitis, suggesting that the inclusion of a terminal virucidal step is essential.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis transmission by blood products. 289 2

The safety of an antihaemophilic factor concentrate treated with the organic solvent tri-(n-butyl)phosphate and sodium cholate (factor VIII-SD) was assessed for transmission of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Patients enrolled in the study had no previous exposure to blood products made from plasma pools, although 5 had received small quantities of single-donor products. All but 1 had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, none had markers of HIV infection, and all had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. After treatment with factor VIII-SD, serum ALT levels and HIV antibody were monitored for up to 1 year. 20 patients received 625 to greater than 40,000 U (total 163,000 U, median dose 3900 U), and 17 of these were followed up for at least 6 months: transmission of either NANB hepatitis or HIV was not observed.
 ...
PMID:Virus safety of solvent/detergent-treated antihaemophilic factor concentrate. 289 62

32 patients with coagulation factor deficiencies and likely to be susceptible to non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) virus infection were treated with a total of 20 batches of a factor VIII concentrate and 10 batches of a factor IX concentrate, both heated at 80 degrees C for 72 h in the freeze-dried state. Serial measurements of serum aminotransferase levels for 4 months revealed no patterns of rises attributable to NANBH. Severe dry heating appears to have reduced the risk of NANBH transmission from about 90% in untreated concentrates to a statistically determined rate of 0-9%. No evidence was found in recipients of infection with hepatitis B or human immunodeficiency virus.
 ...
PMID:Effect of dry-heating of coagulation factor concentrates at 80 degrees C for 72 hours on transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Study Group of the UK Haemophilia Centre Directors on Surveillance of Virus Transmission by Concentrates. 290 65

Posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis associated with the formation of hepatocyte cytoplasmic tubules was experimentally transmitted to chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation of a proven-infectious plasma that had been pelleted and microfiltrated, or purified by a combination of pelleting and rate-zonal banding. The results of these studies indicate that a factor VIII-derived non-A, non-B tubule-forming agent will pass through an 80-nm membrane filter and that it can be recovered from infected plasma by use of a purification procedure that assumes the non-A, non-B tubule-forming agent is a small, enveloped virus. Our findings, in combination with the known sensitivity of the non-A, non-B tubule-forming agent to chloroform and its apparent lack of nucleic acid homology with hepatitis B virus, further suggest that at least one etiologic agent of human posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis may be a small, enveloped RNA virus.
 ...
PMID:Posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzees. Physicochemical evidence that the tubule-forming agent is a small, enveloped virus. 298 54

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be transferred to patients by blood transfusions or human blood preparations, such as cryoprecipitates or factor VIII concentrates. Retroviruses have been discussed as infectious AIDS agents and more recently human T-lymphotropic retroviruses designated as HTLV type III and LAV (lymphadenopathy-associated virus) have been isolated from AIDS patients. Whether heat treatment at 60 degrees C (pasteurization) of liquid human plasma protein preparations inactivates retroviruses was therefore investigated. Pasteurization had already been included in the routine manufacturing process of human plasma protein preparations in order to guarantee safety with regard to hepatitis B. Since high titer preparations of human retroviruses were not available, heat inactivation was studied using Rous sarcoma virus added to the various plasma protein preparations tested. This retrovirus which was obtained in preparations of 6.0 log10 FFU/ml was shown to be at least as heat stable as two mammalian retroviruses studied, i.e., feline and simian sarcoma virus. In all of eight different plasma protein preparations tested, Rous sarcoma virus was completely inactivated after a heat treatment lasting no longer than 4 hr. It is thus concluded that pasteurization of liquid plasma protein preparations at 60 degrees C over a period of 10 hr must confer safety to these products with respect to AIDS, provided that the AIDS agents are retroviruses of comparable heat stability as Rous sarcoma virus and the mammalian retroviruses tested.
 ...
PMID:Safety of human blood products: inactivation of retroviruses by heat treatment at 60 degrees C. 298 90

Antibody to human T lymphotropic virus type III (anti-HTLV-III) was sought in 2150 patients in three groups at risk with a radioimmunoassay and an immunofluorescence test. Results by the two methods were closely concordant. Anti-HTLV-III was already present in some British homosexuals in 1980 and in some British haemophiliacs in 1981, and since then its prevalence has increased. Of homosexual patients needing laboratory tests for hepatitis B virus infection in 1984, 34% of 282 in London and 5% of 955 in five centres outside London were positive for anti-HTLV-III. Of haemophiliacs sampled in 1984, 38% of 81 were anti-HTLV-III positive. Most of the seropositive haemophiliacs were regular recipients of commercial factor VIII concentrates. Few British intravenous drug abusers sampled in 1984 (2.5% of 203) were positive for anti-HTLV-III. These results show that infection with HTLV-III has rapidly become widespread among homosexuals attending sexually transmitted disease clinics and among haemophiliacs receiving pooled blood products. Thus, while many anti-HTLV-III positive individuals may remain asymptomatic, there may soon be a considerable increase in the incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and related disease in Britain.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of antibody to human T lymphotropic virus type III by risk group and area, United Kingdom 1978-84. 298 70

Heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 10 h in solution (pasteurization) was introduced into the manufacturing process of factor VIII concentrate (Haemate P) in order to considerably reduce the risk of transmission of human pathogenic viruses to haemophiliacs. The results of experimental and clinical studies with regard to hepatitis B, non-A, non-B hepatitis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and herpes virus infections are reviewed. From this data it is concluded that pasteurization of factor VIII results in a product which is safe with regard to these viral infections. Furthermore, it was shown that pasteurization does not form new antigenic determinants on the factor VIII molecule and compared with the native product does not alter the physiological properties of this protein in patients. In comparison to these advantageous properties of the pasteurized product a slight loss of coagulant activity seems to be acceptable. This loss of yield, however, does not influence the quality or the amount of factor VIII in the final container used for the therapy of haemophilia A patients.
 ...
PMID:Pasteurization as an efficient method to inactivate blood borne viruses in factor VIII concentrates. 301 13

Hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease are hereditary disorders associated with qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of clotting factor VIII. A major clinical feature is excessive or abnormal bleeding often necessitating the use of transfusions of pooled blood products to achieve hemostasis. Exposure to blood products places the recipient at risk for infection by the hepatitis B virus or the human immunodeficiency virus. A synthetic analog of arginine vasopressin, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, has been shown to increase the plasma levels of factor VIII coagulant activity and von Willebrand's factor, and clinically to improve abnormal bleeding, obviating the need to use blood products.
 ...
PMID:DDAVP in the treatment of bleeding disorders. 304 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>