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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper investigated HBV infectious markers in the sperm and spermatozoa of 31 male patients with hepatitis B, in the serum of their 31 spouses and 35 children respectively. HBV markers were found in 12 sperm samples, HBV-DNA was detected in 6 samples of spermatozoa (3 integrated forms and 3 free forms). The samples were hybridized repeatedly with probes of 82P labeled HBV-DNA 82P labeled lambda DNA and 82P labeled pBR822 to exclude false-positive possibility. 8 out of 12 wives (66.67%), were infected whose husband's sperm reacted positively with HBV 8 out of 14 children were infected (57.14%), whose father's sperm had HBV markers, 6 women out of 19 were infected (31.58%) whose husband's sperm did not react with HBV, 11 of 22 children were infected (50%). The investigation found that the HBV in sperm was higher in the patients with HBeAg positive serum. The wives were easier infected from husbands with HBV positive sperm. The result suggested that sperm must be one of medium of HBV transmission. HBsAg HBeAg anti-HBc HBV-DNA were found in the serum sample of one 4 month infant, with no anti-HBc-IgM. His mother was negative in HBV. The integrated form HBV-DNA was detected in his father's spermatozoa. The transmission between father and son is perhaps mainly by contact each other daily. If HBV has the possibility of vertical transmission is to be studied.
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PMID:[The possible role of sperm in family HBV infection]. 130 12

The incidence of free and integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) in various human tissues is discussed. Although hepadnavirus replication is restricted to a more or less stringent host cell range, it is clear that viral integration is not restricted to any particular organ but occurs in many tissues, including the placenta, embryo, and spermatozoa. The evidence for mother-to-infant transmission of HBV is presented. Direct transfer of HBV through the germ line cells and its implication in the development of embryonal tumours are discussed. HBV may thus possess potential oncogenicity not only for those directly infected by the virus, but also for their offspring.
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PMID:Biological consequences of interactions between hepatitis B virus and human nonhepatic cellular genomes. 196 19

In order to study the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the adult population of Taiwan, we screened for the presence of HBV DNA in 205 blood samples from adult (20-59-year-old) volunteers. According to the serological markers of HBV, samples were divided into three groups: group I (173 subjects) was negative for both HBsAg and HBeAg; group II (14 subjects) was positive for both HBsAg and HBeAg; and group III consisted of 18 subjects who were HBsAg-positive but HBeAg-negative. Plasma HBV DNA was not detected in group I, but it was found in 85.7% and 11.8% of samples in group II and group III, respectively. A free-form HBV DNA was found in 14.3% of the leukocyte samples in group II. Furthermore, an integrated form of HBV DNA was detected in the leukocytes of two cases of group I who remained healthy based on clinical data. HBV DNA was also detected in the spermatozoa and liver cells of one of the cases.
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PMID:Assessment of HBV persistent infection in an adult population in Taiwan. 336 38

Urine, saliva and semen from 18 chronic HBsAg carriers, material that might be concerned in the transmission of hepatitis B virus infection, was examined for the presence of HBV-DNA using molecular hybridisation. HBV-DNA was detected in samples from 14 patients: semen was positive in all of these, saliva in 12 and urine in 10. Autoradiographic studies indicated that HBV-DNA was present in the free form in all cases and in 10, higher molecular weight bands were also observed. While the latter suggested integration of HBV-DNA into host chromosome, resolution to 3.2 Kb following digestion with Eco RI in every case was more consistent with the HBV-DNA being free. In a further group of patients peripheral blood leucocytes were also found to contain HBV-DNA and were the likely source of HBV-DNA in saliva and urine, while in semen both spermatozoa and mononuclear cells contained HBV-DNA. Moreover, free HBV-DNA was identified in the semen of patients without markers of viral replication in serum indicating that sexual transmission could still occur and this is of importance in relation to current vaccination policies.
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in spermatozoa, urine, saliva and leucocytes, of chronic HBsAg carriers. A lack of relationship with serum markers of replication. 357 32

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by an RNA retrovirus (HIV-1) and is readily transmitted heterosexually. The viral receptor is a differentiation antigen on the surface of a class of immunologically active cells including T 'helper' lymphocytes, some macrophages and antigen presenting cells. HIV may be transmitted vertically and viral antigens have been demonstrated in the placenta. Infants of infected mothers have at least a 60% probability of acquiring HIV in utero. The normal latent period after infection is between 2 and 5 years, and it is estimated that for every case of AIDS, 50-100 people may be infected. Extrapolation of these estimates suggest 1,000,000 may already be infected and the established risk group for AIDS may not reflect the pattern of present infection. In Central and East Africa there now appears to be an epidemic of enormous proportions. Oocytes and spermatozoa are not attacked by the HIV virus but associated lymphocytes or monocytes may be infected. Screening for HIV for semen donation is mandatory and precautions for infection with HIV should follow procedures adopted for hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:AIDS, HIV and women--the next five years. 364 63

In spermatozoa of certain patients nucleotide sequences of hepatitis B virus were revealed in an integrated (chromosomal) and free states by means of dot- and blot-hybridization with a cloned HBV-probe. These observations support the conclusion made earlier on the lack of strict hepatotropism for HBV and, in addition, point to a possible involvement of HBV genomes in some molecular pathologies of men.
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PMID:[DNA of the hepatitis B virus in human generative cells]. 394 58

In France, a ministerial decree dated 10 May 2001 authorizes the use of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) for people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), either to reduce the risk of transmission between partners or to treat the couple's infertility. The HIV patient must have a CD4 T lymphocyte count>200/mm(3) and a stable viral load (no increase exceeding 0.5 log(10) copies/mm(3)) between 2 samples during the 6 months preceding ART. Co-infections with hepatitis B or C must be assessed by a specialist. When the man is infected, only ART allows conception while simultaneously ensuring safe sexual relations between the couple. ART is performed with prepared spermatozoa, validated negative for HIV RNA. The particular ART method depends on the results of the couple's fertility assessment and the quantity of virus in the seminal fluid. Antiretroviral treatment is not required for ART but may be necessary if the seminal viral load is elevated. When the woman is infected, the couple must be informed about the risks of HIV transmission to the child and of toxicity to mother and fetus from the antiretroviral treatments. These risks must guide optimization of the antiretroviral treatment, which is not routine during ART but is systematic during the last trimester. Management of pregnancy planning should propose artificial insemination and rapid recourse to ART because ovarian function appears to deteriorate quickly in women with HIV. Several thousand couples in Europe have used ART without any cases of contamination reported so far. Approximately half of these couples can hope to have a child, but approximately one third decide against ART after consultation.
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PMID:[Assisted procreation technology and people with HIV]. 1835 8

Study of the mechanism of transmission of hepatitis B virus is important for public health. An improved experimental model is described for studying vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) via human spermatozoa. Recombinant plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-HBx which would express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) used as a marker for the expression of hepatitis B virus X (HBx) gene was constructed successfully and confirmed by PCR, EcoR I and Sal I digestion, and DNA sequencing. After exposure to the plasmid, human spermatozoa were used to fertilize zona-free hamster ova in vitro. Two-cell embryos were collected and classified into group A with green fluorescence and group B without green fluorescence under fluorescence microscope. The results showed that HBx DNA positive bands were detected in the embryos with green fluorescence (PCR and RT-PCR) and positive controls (PCR) indicating presence and expression of HBx gene. In contrast, HBx gene expression was not detected in the embryos without green fluorescence and negative controls (PCR and RT-PCR). This improved experimental model is more efficient, accurate and reliable for studying further perinatal transmission of HBV or other viruses causing chronic human disease possibly via the male germ line.
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PMID:An improved experimental model for studying vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus via human spermatozoa. 1843 86

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) constitutes a serious menace to man. DNA recombination and sequencing, interspecific in vitro fertilization, single-embryo PCR and RT-PCR were employed to establish a sensitive and rapid assay for exploring the vertical transmission of viruses via male germ line. Plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-HBs which expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein as reporter for the expression of hepatitis B virus S gene was successfully constructed and confirmed by PCR, EcoR I and Sal I digestion, and DNA sequencing. After exposure to the plasmid, human spermatozoa were used to fertilize with zona-free hamster ova. Two-cell embryos were collected and classified into group A with green fluorescence and group B without green fluorescence under fluorescence microscope. The results showed that HBs DNA positive bands were detected in the embryos with green fluorescence (PCR and RT-PCR) and positive control (PCR) indicating expression of pIRES2-EGFP-HBs, and not observed in the embryos without green fluorescence and negative controls (PCR and RT-PCR) indicating no pIRES2-EGFP-HBs in the cells. The advantages and application foreground of this assay for study on vertical transmission of viruses such as HCV, HIV, HPV, and SARS via germ line were discussed.
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PMID:A sensitive and rapid assay for investigating vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus via male germ line using EGFP Vector as reporter. 1867 Jun 7

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) incorporates into spermatozoa which raises safety concerns about paternofetal transmission performing intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) in men with chronic hepatitis B (cHB). HBV reduces sperm cell motility, assuming spermatozoa with highest motility are least HBV-incorporated. This study investigates an ICSI preparation technique (swim-up) to isolate most motile spermatozoa in order to select HBV-free spermatozoa. Semen and blood samples were collected from four patients with cHB. Spermatozoa were incubated in trajectories of gamete medium to create non-motile, motile/non-progressive and motile/progressive fractions. After DNA-extraction, HBV DNA loads were determined in every fraction. Participants (mean age 31) were HBsAg+(4/4), anti-HBc+(4/4) and HBV DNA+(2/4). They were treated (3/4) with entecavir(1/4) or tenofovir (2/4) and had no adverse sperm parameters(3/4). CRP-gene was detected in 95/96 sample fractions, proving successful DNA-extraction. HBV DNA was detected in none of the sample fractions, except for the motile, non-progressive fraction of one patient (HBeAg+, HBV DNA+). Since no HBV DNA was detected in progressive fractions, this study suggests swim-up a successful strategy to select HBV-free spermatozoa. Since all but one fraction was HBV DNA-negative, this study also suggests that patients with well-controlled disease have no HBV-contaminated sample fractions. This study encourages evaluation of guidelines restricting reproductive possibilities in men with cHB.
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PMID:Swim-up as a strategy for isolation of spermatozoa without viral incorporation in men with chronic hepatitis B: A pilot study. 3265 58


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