Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A survey of 128,000 volunteer blood donors from the Greater New York metropolitan area revealed that first-time male donors were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) 2.5 times more frequently than were first-time female donors; Negroes and Mongols were positive four to 20 times more frequently than Caucasians. The ratio of ad to ay seemed to be higher in non-Caucasian antigen carriers than in Caucasian carriers. Among both Caucasians and non-Caucasians the rate of positivity declined after the age of 50. An excess prevalence of HBsAg was observed in donors with the lowest level of education and in those with the highest level. HBsAg was detectable nine times less frequently among repeat donors than among first-time donors (0.2 vs.1.90 per 1,000). Detection of HBsAg was unrelated to ABO-Rh blood groups. Several mechanisms for these wide variations of antigen detection are possible.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen in blood donors: further observations. 4 5

During a 23 year period at Memorial Hospital, the diagnosis of liver cell carcinoma was made in 42 patients who were 11 to 40 years old. Ninety per cent were Caucasian, mostly born in the United states. No occupational hazard was detected. Serum hepatitis antigen was demonstrated in only one patient. Alpha fetoprotein was found in the serum of 55 per cent of nine patients tested. Eight-three per cent were Rh positive, 43 per cent were ABO groups, A or O, respectively. Twenty-three per cent of 13 patients with sufficient material for study had an associated cirrhosis. Of these, active hepatitis with cirrhosis was present in one patient; postnecrotic cirrhosis was present in another. Approximately 7 per cent had a history of previous liver disease. One patient had infectious mononucleosis, and nearly 13 per cent gave a family history of cancer. Weight loss or pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant was present in 65 per cent, and hepatomegaly was found in 88 per cent. Only one patient presented with hemoperitoneum simulating an acute condition within abdomen. The liver profile examinations characteristically revealed an elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase, 5 nucleotidase, and Bromsulphalein retention with normal bilirubin level. The most common finding, upon roentgenographic examination, was an elevated right hemidiaphragm. Selective celiac and superior mesenteric angiography and 99mTc sulfur colloid liver scans were both done in 13 patients. There was a 75 per cent accuracy rate in localization of the tumor. At laparotomy, the tumor was found to be confined to one lobe in seven patients and involved both lobes in ten. Twenty-seven patients were thought to have multicentric tumors and 15 unicentric lesions. Only ten were found to be candidates for hepatic lobectomy. Five and ten years survival rates were 20 per cent; the operative mortality rate was 40 per cent. Twenty per cent died within a year, ten per cent, one patient, is alive with disease at 28 months and another is free of disease at 31-months. Paraneoplastic syndromes were erythrocytosis in two patients, terminal stage of hypoglycemia in one patient, and hypocholesterolemia with associated excess beta globulin in one patient.
 ...
PMID:Liver cell carcinoma during the prime of life. 17 34

In an effort to improve the clinical signs of Parkinson's disease, we have implanted mesencephalic dopamine cells from a 7-week human embryo into the caudate and putamen of a 52-year-old man with Parkinson's disease. Fetal tissue was obtained from elective abortion. The woman and the patient with Parkinson's disease were unknown to each other. The woman gave specific consent and was not paid. The patient had a 20-year history of parkinsonism treated with multiple drug therapies including levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) every 2 1/2 hours. His symptoms were worse on the left side. For 5 months prior to transplantation, the patient underwent clinical evaluations by both a neurologist and a computer system installed in his home for daily measurement of walking and hand movements. Preoperative positron emission tomographic scanning with 6-L[18F]fluorodopa (fluorodopa) demonstrated severe dopamine depletion bilaterally. Fetal tissue was matched to the patient for ABO blood antigens, and maternal serum was screened for hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 prior to surgery. Fetal tissue was implanted stereotactically throughout the caudate and putamen on the right side of the brain via 10 needle tracks. The patient was not immunosuppressed. Results 12 months after surgery showed 42% improvement in left-hand speed before the first morning dose of drug and 40% greater response to drug therapy. Right-hand speed increased 15% before drug therapy and 23% after drug therapy. Reaction time was unaffected. Walking speed increased 33% after drug administration, although walking speed before the first morning dose of drugs declined 40%. Walking speed on an all-day basis improved 17%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Transplantation of human fetal dopamine cells for Parkinson's disease. Results at 1 year. 233 98

We reviewed the records of 83 patients who underwent 100 orthotopic liver transplantations in order to determine the following: (1) the methods to predict blood usage, (2) the consequences of an ABO-incompatible transplant, (3) the benefit of providing cytomegalovirus (CMV)-negative blood products to CMV-negative patients receiving a liver from a CMV-negative donor, (4) the association of donor anti-hepatitis B core antigens and subsequent hepatitis B, and (5) the prognostic consequences of rouleaux observed in pretransplant blood compatibility testing. Patient diagnosis, the presence of ascites, a preoperative prothrombin time greater than 15 seconds, and a multifactorial "risk category" were all predictive of intraoperative blood loss. A history of previous gastrointestinal bleeding or an operation that involved the right upper abdominal quadrant was not predictive of intraoperative blood loss. Although CMV infection is common after liver transplantation, the prophylactic use of CMV antibody-negative blood products in CMV-negative recipients receiving a liver from a CMV-negative donor in our series was not associated with postoperative CMV infection. The transplantation of a liver positive for anti-hepatitis B core antigen was associated with subsequent hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion in two of four cases. Transplantation of an ABO-incompatible liver and the presence of rouleaux observed in pretransplant blood compatibility testing were both associated with a significantly higher mortality. A careful review of laboratory data and medical records of patients undergoing liver transplantation should enhance the ability to modify the approach to the allocation of limited blood resources and the care and management of these patients.
 ...
PMID:Intraoperative blood loss and patient and graft survival in orthotopic liver transplantation: their relationship to clinical and laboratory data. 253 41

A case is presented of fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma in a 12 year-old male treated by liver transplantation; there is no evidence of tumoral recurrence at 28 months. Donos and receptor were ABO incompatible. The immunosuppressive regimen used was cyclosporine A and low doses of steroids. Fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma is an infrequent histologic variety that usually affects young people and is generally not associated with hepatitis B infection or cirrhosis. It is often a single tumor, is more susceptible to surgical resection than other varieties of hepatocarcinoma, and is characterized by a relatively unagressive tumoral biology.
 ...
PMID:[Liver transplant in fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma: apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. 254 19

Hospital transfusion services and blood centers still use manual hemagglutination tests for most of their serological procedures. Automation of hemagglutination reactions has proven to be difficult, primarily because hemagglutination lacks an objective endpoint which can be easily interpreted by inexpensive instruments. Alternatively, solid-phase red cell adherence assays for ABO cell and serum grouping, Rh typing, red cell and platelet antibody screening, red cell and platelet crossmatching, IgA deficiency screening, hepatitis B surface antigen, and HIV antibody screening have been developed. The performance of these assays compares favorably with current hemagglutination and enzyme immunoassay methods. All of these tests share a common objective endpoint of adherence or nonadherence of indicator red cells. This uniformity allows easy interpretation of results visually, spectrophotometrically, or by image analysis. The latter technique has the potential to revolutionize the reading and interpretation of all agglutination tests. Solid-phase red cell adherence tests in microplates are ideal for batch processing large numbers of specimens. However, adherence tests are not restricted to this format. Therefore, blood grouping dipsticks have been produced, which permit testing of individual blood samples even outside of the laboratory.
 ...
PMID:The evolution of pretransfusion testing: from agglutination to solid-phase red cell adherence tests. 265 94

In the period between 15/12/1987 and 15/08/1989, ten patients with either fulminating or subfulminating hepatitis have been treated by orthotopic liver transplantation (O.L.T.). Six patients are doing well in the post-operative period with a mean follow-up of 12 months (7-23 months). No evidence of neurological sequelae has been observed and recurrence of HB virus infection was absent from the three cases who survived hepatitis B transplantation. Four out these ten patients died after initial successful O.L.T... One patient succumbed 7 days after O.L.T. from sepsis or early super-acute rejection, the second 21 days after O.L.T. from neuromeningeal listeria, the third 43 days post O.L.T. from acute rejection, while the fourth developed cytomegalovirus pneumonia and died 61 days after O.L.T. Orthotopic liver transplantation has become the treatment of fulminating hepatitis. It is an emergency which is usually accompanied by successive difficulties in decision making: indication criteria, then acceptance or refusal of ABO incompatible grafts (5/10) and of suboptimal donors. Orthotopic liver transplantation for fulminating hepatitis is technically easy to perform, but usually requires the use of extra-corporal veno-venous circulation. Accompanying intensive medical care is essential and usually includes one or multiple plasmaphereses to correct existing coagulopathy without any fluid or sodium overload to the circulation.
 ...
PMID:[Fulminant and subfulminant hepatitis treated by orthotopic transplantation of the liver. Apropos of 10 cases]. 270 Jan 60

A series of 150 patients with serum hepatitis were examined for the incidence of the Australia antigen (HBsAg) and associations with ABO blood groups, haptoglobin types and occurrence of intestinal serum alkaline phosphatase. Among the patients studied 11.3% were positive for HBsAg. When compared to controls patients with blood group O showed a significantly increased risk for serum hepatitis (p less than 0.05), while those with group B showed a decreased risk (p less than 0.01). The presence of the intestinal fraction of alkaline phosphatase showed a negative association with serum hepatitis (p less than 0.01) and there was no significant association between alkaline phosphatase types and ABO groups among the patients. The frequency of the Hp1 gene was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) among the patients as compared to controls.
 ...
PMID:ABO blood groups, intestinal alkaline phosphatase and haptoglobin types in patients with serum hepatitis. 324 77

1,860 serum samples of blood donors from northern Nigeria were tested for the presence of the hepatitis B surface antigen. 8.9% of them were found to be positive. Significant differences in frequency were observed amongst various ethnic groups as well as ABO blood groups.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in northern Nigerian blood donors. 371 88

320 adults and children of an isolated community of Bali, Indonesia, have been tested for blood groups ABO, Rh, MNS, P, Lewis, Duffy, Kell, for haptoglobin and transferrin and for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies. Phenotype distribution and gene frequencies are given for the total population tested and for two subgroups representative of the inbred population of the isolate and of the non-inbred part of the population. Significant differences between the two subgroups show a clear genetic drift in the inbred population. The study brings biological support to the ethnological hypothesis of population migrations in this area. Tests for hepatitis B surface antigen reveal a lower prevalence of the disease than in most other south-east Asian populations.
 ...
PMID:Genetic survey of an isolated community in Bali, Indonesia. I. Blood groups, serum proteins and hepatitis B serology. 706 59


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>