Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective survey of transfusion hepatitis associated with a brand of commercial Factor VIII was carried out in 24 Haemophilia Centres from January 1974 until December 1975. Of 371 patients who were transfused with this product, and were followed up, 78 cases of hepatitis affecting 66 patients were found (17.7%). Two types of hepatitis were observed: hepatitis B and non-B hepatitis, the latter with an incubation period of between 8 and 60 days. Twelve patients contracted two types of hepatitis, non-B followed by hepatitis B. Only one patient died after contracting hepatitis B. Four of the suspect batches of concentrate were found to be positive for HBsAg by radioimmunoassay. There was evidence that the presence of hepatitis B surface antibody in a patient's serum prior to exposure was associated with immunity to hepatitis B. Evidence was presented suggesting that the non-B hepatitis observed was not due to hepatitis A. The factors affecting the incidence of transfusion hepatitis in haemophiliacs were discussed.
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PMID:Commercial factor VIII associated hepatitis, 1974-75, in the United Kingdom: a retrospective survey. 64 45

The present study compares two new factor VIII preparations currently used in the treatment of haemophilia. A Factor VIII was partially purified from plasma obtained from unpaid voluntary Belgian donors in the blood transfusion centers of Lille and Amsterdam and virus-inactivated by exposure to solvent-detergent (FVIII-SD) or by pasteurization (FVIII-P) respectively. The factor VIII content and the purity of both preparations were assessed in vitro, whereas in vivo we studied the recovery and the plasma half-life of both concentrates. The higher purity of FVIII-SD was confirmed. Factor VIII-P preparations contained more factor VIII than mentioned on the label. Both preparations gave good in vivo recoveries and half-lives. Patients who did not have antibodies to hepatitis B, hepatitis C or HIV at the initial screening, remained negative after six months treatment with the new concentrates. No patients developed neutralizing factor VIII antibodies. Furthermore patients appreciated the ease of administration of both preparations. In conclusion both FVIII concentrates are suited for the treatment of haemophilia A patients.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo evaluation of two factor VIII concentrates virally inactivated by solvent-detergent or by pasteurization. 166 50

Diluted plasma samples containing 10(2), 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) chimpanzee infectious doses (CID) of a human non-A, non-B hepatitis virus (NANBV) were treated with a combination of two psoralen compounds, 4'-aminomethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen, and exposed to long wavelength ultraviolet. Each dilution was then transfused into one of four chimpanzees. In a second experiment, three samples containing 10(4.5) CID of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and two samples containing 10(4) CID of NANBV were treated with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ultraviolet irradiation. Two chimpanzees were each transfused with both a treated HBV and a treated NANBV sample. The third chimpanzee was inoculated with a treated HBV sample alone. In the six months after inoculation none of the animals showed biochemical or histological evidence of hepatitis. In experiments involving NANBV inocula, the susceptibility of the animals was confirmed by subsequent challenge with untreated NANBV. Factor VIII concentrate containing virus and photochemically treated as in the first experiment retained an average of 91% of its activity while that in the second experiment retained 94% of its activity.
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PMID:Photochemical decontamination of blood components containing hepatitis B and non-A, non-B virus. 290 70

Antibodies to the membrane antigens of human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I (anti-HTLV-MA) have been detected in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in patients with hemophilia. The authors examined sera from 71 AIDS patients and 46 hemophiliac children for the presence of anti-HTLV-MA using an indirect membrane immunofluorescence assay with flow cytometry analysis. Thirty-seven of the 71 (52%) AIDS patients and 7 of the 46 (15%) hemophiliac patients had high titered anti-HTLV-MA, using a T-lymphoid cell line infected with the leukemia virus. None of the 78 control subjects had high titered antibody. All seven hemophiliac patients with elevated anti-HTLV-MA used Factor VIII concentrates, and all had inverted T-lymphocyte helper-suppressor (T4 [Leu-3]/T8 [Leu 2]) ratios. No correlations were found between inverted T4/T8 ratios and antibody to cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasma gondii, or hepatitis B. This work supports contentions that HTLV-like organisms cause AIDS and that these organisms are transmitted by blood products such as Factor VIII concentrate.
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PMID:Antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I membrane antigens and inverted T4/T8 ratios in hemophiliacs. 298 18

In a long term surveillance study hemophilia A and B patients were treated with a Factor VIII HS and Factor IX HS concentrate respectively, both pasteurized by heating in solution: 10 hours at 60 degrees C. None of 31 virgin hemophiliacs treated with Factor VIII HS Behringwerke developed hepatitis B during a follow up between 6 to 60 months. One patient who received 379.280 IU Factor VIII by 977 applications showed a seroconversion after 961 days of treatment. Passive/active immunisation is suggested. 4 patients had moderate elevations of transaminases (less than 120 U/l) without clinical signs of liver disease. 2 patients suffered a non-icteric NA NB-hepatitis two months after synovectomy in the same hospital. 6 virgin hemophilia B patients who had been treated with Factor IX concentrate HS Behringwerke remained serologically negative and did not develop any symptoms indicative of a hepatic disease during a follow up between 11-29 months. The HTLV-III safety of Factor VIII HS and Factor IX HS Behringwerke is presently under investigation by determination of the corresponding antibody.
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PMID:Virus safety of pasteurized factor VIII and factor IX concentrates: study in virgin patients. 303 38

Pasteurization (heat treatment at +60 degrees C for 10 hours in solution) during the production of human plasma protein preparations has proved useful 1. to inactivate a broad spectrum of viruses and 2. in combination with stabilizers to leave the nativity of the products unaffected. Their efficacy has been experimentally tested for HTLV-III/LAV, Hepatitis B and non-A/non-B viruses. The following preparations were tested: with HTLV-III/LAV: Factor VIII, Factor IX, AT III, AHC and PPSB; with Hepatitis B virus: Factor VIII, Factor XIII, AT III, PPSB and Fibrinogen; with Hepatitis non-A/non-B virus: Factor VIII and AT III.
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PMID:Inactivation of HTLV-III/LAV, hepatitis B and non-A/non-B viruses by pasteurization in human plasma protein preparations. 311 11

Factor VIII deficient plasma was made from pooled, HIV antibody and hepatitis B antigen screened, normal human plasma by cryoprecipitation and immuno-depletion, using three different monoclonal antibodies bound to Sepharose columns, in series. These monoclonal antibodies are specific respectively for von Willebrand factor, factor VIII heavy chain and factor VIII light chain. The immunodepleted plasma contained less than 0.002 u/ml factor VIII coagulation activity (VIII:C) less than 0.0001 u/ml von Willebrand factor antigen and 1-2 g/l fibrinogen, while the levels of other clotting factors were unchanged. This immunodepleted plasma was compared with commercial factor VIII deficient plasma obtained from a severe haemophilia A patient as substrate in the one-stage factor VIII assay. Plasmas obtained from 20 normal subjects and 28 patients with von Willebrand's disease or haemophilia A were assayed for VIII:C using the two substrates. The results were very highly correlated (r = 0.96). The columns have high capacity and can be regenerated at least 10 times. Large-scale production of a substrate for factor VIII assays free of virus contamination is now feasible.
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PMID:Production of factor VIII deficient plasma by immunodepletion using three monoclonal antibodies. 311 89

Eleven of 27 haemophilic boys who received a common batch of Factor VIII concentrate subsequently developed acute hepatitis B; although 9 were considered not to have been previously exposed to the virus, 2 other boys had been considered immune to hepatitis B. The amount of concentrate received by each child, together with their HIV-antibody status and T-lymphocyte subset distribution prior to exposure, did not influence their response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The two previously immune children who became infected, however, had evidence of the HIV-associated persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome. Detailed investigation of the suspect batch of concentrate revealed hepatitis B surface antibody to a titre of 112 miu/ml, but surface antigen was not detectable, even after dissociation of antigen and antibody. As a result of this outbreak, 5 of the 11 boys remain carriers of the virus and 2 other family members have contracted acute hepatitis B. The possibility that the response of the haemophiliacs to HBV may be altered due to acquired alteration of their immune function is discussed. Regular screening of haemophiliacs, including those immune to hepatitis B, is recommended, since even with regular donor screening, HBV remains a major infective risk to haemophiliacs receiving Factor VIII replacement therapy, and the risk to an individual may change with time.
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PMID:Change in immune response to hepatitis B in boys with haemophilia. 313 29

Lyophilized plasma derivatives are more stable to heat than when they are in the liquid state. Commercial Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) was seeded with a measured quantity of hepatitis B virus. The contaminated material was then lyophilized and subjected to heat of 60 degrees C for 30 hr. Chimpanzees were inoculated with the heat-treated antihemophilic factor or sham-treated antihemophilic factor that had been held at 4 degrees C. Surprisingly, hepatitis B virus survived the heating procedure with no apparent loss in titer: the incubation period to appearance of HBsAg was that expected for the challenge dose of virus. Even more surprising, one chimpanzee (the recipient of the unheated antihemophilic factor) also developed non-A, non-B hepatitis and two chimpanzees (recipients of the heated antihemophilic factor) also developed delta hepatitis. Neither of these agents was a contaminant of the hepatitis B virus challenge pool, since the purity of this hepatitis B virus pool was established previously in chimpanzees. Thus, both a non-A, non-B agent and the delta agent apparently contaminated the commercial antihemophilic factor. This is the first direct evidence for contamination of antihemophilic factor with the delta agent and confirms previous seroepidemiologic evidence for its presence in pooled plasma derivatives. Subsequent inactivation studies were performed with antihemophilic factor experimentally contaminated with the Hutchinson strain of non-A, non-B hepatitis virus. In these studies, heating at 60 degrees C for 30 hr in the dry state rendered antihemophilic factor free of detectable non-A, non-B hepatitis virus.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis non-A, non-B virus and hepatitis delta virus in lyophilized antihemophilic factor: relative sensitivity to heat. 393 60

Asymptomatic hemophilia patients receiving Factor VIII concentrate were found to have normal natural killer (NK) cells and B cells, and an inverted T helper/suppressor ratio due to an increase in cells of T suppressor phenotype. In contrast, a hemophilia patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) exhibited nonfunctional NK cells, low B cells, and an inverted T helper/suppressor ratio due to very low numbers of T helper cells. Hemophilia patients on cryoprecipitate therapy exhibited normal immune parameters. A high percentage of hemophilia patients on both treatments had antibody to hepatitis B virus. The isolated finding of elevated levels of T suppressor cells in hemophilia patients receiving Factor VIII concentrate has not been recognized as an early indicator of impending AIDS, and longitudinal studies will be required to determine its clinical significance.
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PMID:Immunologic studies in asymptomatic hemophilia patients. Relationship to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 622 70


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