Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Orcein-positive material in Kupffer cells obtained from 1,377 needle biopsies of the liver was studied for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Fifty-five (57%) out of 96 cases with orcein-positive Kupffer cells had acute hepatitis, and 46 (84%) of these 55 were in the late stage of their illness. Orcein-positive material in Kupffer cells was not associated with HBsAg as evaluated by the immune peroxidase method. Orcein-positive material in Kupffer cells appears to consist mainly of lipofuscins developing in the course of acute hepatitis.
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PMID:Orcein-positive material in Kupffer cells from the liver. 241 62

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the common (a) as well as subtypic determinants (d, y, w and r) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). They were applied to subtyping HBsAg by sandwiching it between antibody against a fixed on a solid-phase support and antibody against one or other of d, y, w and r, linked to horseradish peroxidase. The assay was applied to evaluate antigenic specificities of the NIH and Japanese panels composed of 44 sera containing HBsAg particles of various subtypes. HBsAg particles of a hybrid subtype, adyr, were sandwiched between monoclonal antibody against d and that against y, thereby indicating that they possessed both d and y determinants on the selfsame particle. The expression of d and y determinants on hybrid HBsAg particles was much less than that on ordinary particles of adw, adr, ayw or ayr subtype.
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PMID:A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the common and subtypic determinants of hepatitis B surface antigen with monoclonal antibodies. 241 52

Four monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen are described. The antibodies bind to the same or a very closely related epitope. Antibodies to this dominant epitope are present in the sera of patients with either acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A high percentage of inhibition of the binding of these antibodies to the core antigen by these four monoclonal antibodies suggests that the core antigen has a restricted antigenicity in man. Radiolabeled or peroxidase labeled forms of these monoclonal antibodies can be used to assay IgM and total anticore in serum.
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PMID:Identification of a dominant immunogenic epitope of the nucleocapsid (HBc) of the hepatitis B virus. 242 21

A purification procedure for serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was developed to immunize mice for monoclonal anti-HBe production. Two monoclonal anti-HBe secreting hybridomas were identified. Immunoglobulin G (IgG2a) was isolated from each hybridoma and labeled with either 125I or horseradish peroxidase. Each label was used as a probe in solid phase immunoassays for HBeAg and anti-HBe detection. Both monoclonal antibodies recognized the beta epitope on HBeAg, but one consistently performed better as a probe. When this monoclonal probe was compared to commercially available polyclonal assays, it showed equivalent sensitivity and specificity.
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PMID:Re-examination and further characterization of a monoclonal antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe). 242 36

In order to evaluate the role of histocompatibility antigen (HLA) class 1 antigens in the pathogenesis of liver cell necrosis, HLA class 1 antigens on hepatocytes were studied in the liver biopsy materials from 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method using a monoclonal antibody to human HLA-A, B, C (Cappel Laboratories). Both increased expression of HLA class 1 antigens on the hepatocytes and decreased distribution of intrahepatic hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) were observed in patients with an exacerbation of the inflammatory activity. These findings suggest that expression of HLA class 1 antigens on the hepatocytes may be increased when an exacerbation of inflammatory activity develops, and may be compatible with the concept that expression of these antigens plays and important role for the lysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected liver cells by cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, in seven patients, expression of HLA class 1 antigens was studied in the liver before and after treatment with human lymphoblast interferon (IFN)-alpha, recombinant IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. Increased expression of HLA class 1 antigens was observed in patients with decreased intrahepatic HBcAg and DNA-P in sera after IFN treatment. These results also suggest that the increase of HLA class 1 antigens by IFN may be related to the immune mechanism for the effective elimination of HBV.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of HLA class 1 antigens on the hepatocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis B. 242 87

The capsid protein of hepatitis B virus (P19) is made of 183 amino acids and carries the antigenic sites of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) on the amino-terminal domain. The carboxyl-terminal domain of P19 (amino acids 150-183) is arginine-rich (47%) and faces the interior of the nucleocapsid for the binding with DNA. Monoclonal antibody was raised against an antigenic site on this protamine-like region of P19, which was distinct from HBcAg or HBeAg sites, and the novel antigenic site(s) was provisionally designated as hepatitis B inner core antigen (HBicAg). When P19 in a low concn (150 ng/ml) was immobilized on the solid surface, HBicAg sites were preserved, while HBcAg or HBcAg sites were no longer available on it. This allowed the detection of antibodies against HBicAg (anti-HBic), by sandwiching them between immobilized P19 and anti-IgG labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Anti-HBic was detected in sera from HBsAg carriers, typically those seropositive for antibody to HBeAg. A synthetic arginine-rich decapeptide, with a sequence of Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly-Arg-Ser-Pro-Arg-Arg-Arg, representing amino acids 150-159 of P19 and conserved in the majority of reported hepatitis B virus, absorbed the activity to bind with P19 in seven (44%) out of 16 sera containing anti-HBic. These results indicate that the decapeptide carries an HBicAg epitope and the remaining amino acid sequence of the arginine-rich carboxyl terminal domain (160-183) may be responsible for the other HBicAg epitopes.
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PMID:Antigenic sites on the arginine-rich carboxyl-terminal domain of the capsid protein of hepatitis B virus distinct from hepatitis B core or e antigen. 246 50

A second generation radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for the detection and quantitation of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was developed which utilizes recombinant DNA-derived HBsAg (rHBsAg) in place of human plasma derived HBsAg. In these sandwich assays, rHBsAg immobilized on a solid phase was used to capture anti-HBs from the specimen and rHBsAg conjugated to horseradish peroxidase or radiolabeled with 125I was used as a detecting reagent. These rHBsAg-based assays were compared to a commercial radioimmunoassay for anti-HBs detection (AUSAB RIA). For a population of 1711 sera and plasma specimens, 99.2% overall agreement was demonstrated between the recombinant RIA and EIA and 98.6% agreement was observed between the recombinant assays and AUSAB-RIA. The recombinant assays demonstrated equivalent sensitivity and detectability to AUSAB RIA. Most discrepant samples were low-level reactive by AUSAB-RIA, generally less than 10 mIU/ml, and likely represent nonspecific reactivity since no other marker for hepatitis B infection was detected in these samples.
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PMID:Second generation assays for the detection of antibody to HBsAg using recombinant DNA-derived HBsAg. 247 61

The anti-pre-S antibody in the samples of sera from normal healthy persons and patients with different clinical types of liver diseases due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was detected by a newly established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. This test is a blocking assay where anti-pre-S antibody in the patient's serum blocks subsequent addition of horse radish peroxidase-labelled polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) to the pHSA-receptor site of HBsAg molecules fixed on a solid surface. Anti-pre-S activity was not detected in any from 95 healthy persons who were negative for all HBV-markers or from 105 healthy HBV carriers. In 12 sera from HBV vaccine recipients, anti-pre-S activity was noted in higher proportions compared with anti-HBs, after both the second and third doses of vaccine. Anti-pre-S activity was detected in small proportions of HBsAg positive sera from acute viral hepatitis (4.2%) and chronic active hepatitis (10%). In subacute viral hepatitis patients, the anti-pre-S antibody was totally absent. However, anti-pre-S activity was recorded in high proportions of HBsAg-positive sera from patients with cirrhosis of liver (57.2%) and fulminant hepatitis (41.6%). The anti-pre-S antibodies were assumed to be implicated in the clearance of HBV particles from circulation without causing tissue damage.
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PMID:Anti-pre-S antibodies in different groups of patients with hepatitis B virus infection. 249 Sep 40

Wedge biopsies of liver from 155 patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica were observed pathologically, and HBsAg and HBcAg in liver were tested with double bridge peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. 88 of 155 cases (56.8%) were found to be HBsAg and/or HBcAg (HBAg) positive in liver. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions were observed in the hepatocytes of 30 cases (19.4%), in which 18 (60%) were also HBAg positive in liver. These inclusions were considered to be the markers of several virus infections, such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, etc. The patients with positive HBAg and/or inclusion in liver had significantly more severe pathological changes in liver parenchyma. The results indicate that in addition to hepatitis B, complication with other viral infections in liver, which produce eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion, may also aggravate the pathological changes in liver and may be one of the causes of portal cirrhosis in patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica (Fig. 1). schistosomiasis japonica
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PMID:[Observation on eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes of patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica]. 251 16

There have been no studies addressing the detailed sequence of embryonic infection with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). Therefore, duck embryos from flocks infected with DHBV were examined to study the sequence of infection by DHBV in various embryonic tissues. Embryos from flocks infected with DHBV were harvested in duplicates from 7 to 25 days of incubation. Whole embryos (to 12 days) or dissected embryonic tissues were fixed, paraffin embedded, and stained for DHBV surface antigen (DHBsAg) using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Isolated hepatic cells were infected in 7-day-old embryos, and these increased in number until 11 days, when most cells were positive for DHBsAg. Endocrine pancreatic cells were positive from day 10, but only an occasional exocrine pancreatic cell was infected after day 20. Renal tubule cells were positive for DHBV by day 11, increasing in number until about day 18, after which a decline in numbers of infected cells occurred. Renal glomeruli became positive for DHBsAg from day 24. When present in the developing embryo, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, bone marrow, lung, and duodenum remained negative for DHBsAg. It was concluded that the timing of infection of specific tissues was not necessarily related to cellular maturity but may reflect a need for specific metabolic functions that permit viral replication.
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PMID:Natural infection of duck embryos with duck hepatitis B virus: time and tissue sequence of infection. 269 1


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