Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nucleocapsids of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are made of 180 or 240 subunits of core proteins or known as core antigens (HBcAg). A fusion bacteriophage bearing the WSFFSNI sequence that interacts tightly to HBcAg was employed as a diagnostic reagent for the detection of the antigen using the phage-enzyme-linked immunosorbent (phage-ELISA), dot blot and immunoprecipitation assays. The results from phage-ELISA and dot blot assay showed that as low as 10 ng of HBcAg can be detected optimally by 1.0x10(12) pfu/ml fusion M13 bacteriophage. The sensitivity of the dot blot assay corresponds with that of the phage-ELISA. HBcAg in HBV positive serum samples can also be detected using the fusion phage via the phage-ELISA and phage-dot blot assay. The phage cross-linked to cyanogen bromide (CNBr) activated agarose can also be used to precipitate HBcAg in bacterial lysate. The optimum amount of phage needed for cross-linking to 1 g of agarose is about 7.0x10(6) pfu/ml which could also precipitate purified and unpurified HBcAg in bacterial lysate. This study demonstrates the potential of fusion bacteriophage bearing the sequence WSFFSNI as a diagnostic reagent and a ligand for the detection and purification of HBcAg respectively.
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PMID:Detection and precipitation of hepatitis B core antigen using a fusion bacteriophage. 1594 73

Following active service during the 1990/1991 Gulf Conflict, a number of UK and US veterans presented with a diverse range of symptoms, collectively known as Gulf Veterans Illnesses (GVI). The administration of vaccines and/or the pretreatment against possible nerve agent poisoning, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), given to armed forces personnel during the Gulf Conflict has been implicated as a possible factor in the aetiology of these illnesses. The possibility that long-term health effects may result from the administration of these vaccines (anthrax, pertussis, plague, yellow fever, polio, typhoid, tetanus, hepatitis B, meningococcal meningitis and cholera) and/or PB, have been investigated using a non-human primate model, the common marmoset. This paper reports the results from three aspects of the study, cognitive behaviour (performance of a touchscreen mediated discrimination task), muscle function (performance of a simple strength test) and general health. There were no marked long-term changes in cognition, muscle function or health that could be attributed to vaccines and/or PB administration. Statistical differences related to treatments were only observed in two aspects of cognition and one of clinical chemistry. These changes were transient in nature and their magnitude were minor and, in consequence, was not regarded as having long-term biological significance.
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PMID:Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine interactions: effects on cognition, muscle function and health outcomes in marmosets. 1680 43

Following active service during the 1990/1991 Gulf conflict, a number of UK and US veterans presented with a diverse range of symptoms, collectively known as Gulf Veterans' Illnesses (GVI). The administration of vaccines and/or the pretreatment against possible nerve agent poisoning, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), given to Armed Forces personnel during the Gulf conflict has been implicated as a possible factor in the aetiology of these illnesses. The possibility that long-term health effects may result from the administration of these vaccines (anthrax, pertussis, plague, yellow fever, polio, typhoid, tetanus, hepatitis B, meningococcal meningitis and cholera) and/or PB, have been investigated using a non-human primate model, the common marmoset. This paper reports the results from two aspects of the study, brain electrical activity (EEG, collected during performance of a touchscreen mediated discrimination task) and sleep. There were no marked long-term changes in EEG or sleep patterns that could be attributed to vaccines and/or PB administration. The changes that were detected were predominantly time related and independent of treatment. Where statistical differences were detected between treatments, the magnitudes of the difference were relatively minor and therefore not regarded as having long term biological significance.
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PMID:Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine interactions: effects on EEG and sleep in the common marmoset. 1682 51

Following active service during the 1990/1991 Gulf Conflict, a number of UK and US veterans presented with a diverse range of symptoms, collectively known as Gulf Veterans Illnesses (GVI). The administration of vaccines and/or the pretreatment against possible nerve agent poisoning, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), given to Armed Forces personnel during the Gulf Conflict has been implicated as a possible factor in the aetiology of these illnesses. The possibility that adverse health effects may result from the administration of these vaccines (anthrax, pertussis, plague, yellow fever, polio, typhoid, tetanus, hepatitis B, meningococcal meningitis and cholera) and/or PB, have been investigated over an eighteen month period, in a non-human primate model, the common marmoset. This study reports immunological indices, including leukocyte phenotypes, intracellular cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-4 and antibody responses against vaccine antigens. Using human isotyping reagents previously shown to cross react with marmoset immunoglobulins (ibid) it was shown that marmosets responded strongly against anthrax PA and pertussis and weakly against killed whole cell plague, cholera and typhoid. At the end of the study the immune response to a previously unseen T-cell dependent antigen, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), was examined in order to determine whether immune function had been compromised by the compounds administered. Statistically equivalent, robust antibody responses were measured against KLH in all treatment groups indicating that the immune system had not been compromised by any of the treatments. In addition, urinary cortisol was measured at key points throughout the study as an index of physiological stress which may have been induced by the treatments. There were no effects of treatment on urinary cortisol secretion. With respect to the other immunological indices measured, there were no statistical differences between the treatment groups during the period of the study.
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PMID:Multiple vaccine and pyridostigmine bromide interactions in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus: immunological and endocrinological effects. 1705 67

There is a clinical need for a more effective vaccine against hepatitis B, and in particular vaccines that may be suitable for therapeutic administration. This study assesses the potential of cationic surfactant vesicle based formulations using two agents; the cationic amine containing [N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol) or dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Synthetic mycobacterial cord factor, trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) has been used as an adjuvant and the addition of 1-monopalmitoyl glycerol (C16:0) (MP) and cholesterol (Chol) to DDA-TDB is assessed for its potential to facilitate formation of dehydration-rehydration vesicles (DRV) at room temperature, and the effect of this on immune responses. A DRV formulation is directly compared to an adsorbed formulation of the same composition and preparation protocol (MP:dioleoyl phosphoethanolamine (DOPE):Chol:DC-Chol) and the direct substitution of MP with phosphatidylcholine (PC) is also compared in DRV antigen-entrapped formulations. MP and Chol were shown to facilitate the use of DDA-TDB in DRV formulations prepared at room temperature, whilst there was marginal alteration of immunogenicity (a reduction in HBsAg-specific IL-2). The HBsAg adsorbed DRV formulation was not significantly different from the HBsAg entrapped DRV formulation. Overall, DDA formulations incorporating TDB showed markedly increased antigen specific splenocyte proliferation and elicited cytokine production concomitant with a strong T cell driven response, delineating formulations that may be useful for further evaluation of their clinical potential.
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PMID:Comparison of vesicle based antigen delivery systems for delivery of hepatitis B surface antigen. 1733 10

12B75, 274150; Abacavir sulfate/lamivudine, Abatacept, Ad2/HIF-1alpha, Adalimumab, Adefovir, Adefovir dipivoxil, AGN-201904-Z, AIDSVAX, Albinterferon alfa-2b, Alemtuzumab, Aliskiren fumarate, Alvimopan hydrate, Amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium, Amlodipine besylate/Olmesartan medoxomil, Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, Amodiaquine, Apaziquone, Aprepitant, Arsenic trioxide, Artesunate/Amodiaquine, Ascorbic acid, Atazanavir sulfate, Atazanavir/ritonavir, Atomoxetine hydrochloride, Atrigel-Leuprolide, Axitinib; Bevacizumab, Binodenoson, Bortezomib, Bovine lactoferrin; Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, Carisbamate, Certolizumab pegol, Ciclesonide, Conivaptan hydrochloride, CP-690550, CP-751871, Cypher; Dapivirine, Darbepoetin alfa, Darunavir, Dasatinib, del-1 Genemedicine, Denosumab, Desloratadine, Dexlansoprazole, DiabeCell, Drospirenone/ethinylestradiol, DTaP-HepB-IPV, Duloxetine hydrochloride, Dutasteride; Eculizumab, Eldecalcitol, Eletriptan, Emtricitabine, Entecavir, Eritoran tetrasodium, Ertapenem sodium, Escitalopram oxalate, Eslicarbazepine acetate, Esomeprazole magnesium, Estradiol acetate, Eszopiclone, ETEC vaccine, Etoricoxib, Exenatide, Ezetimibe; Fluticasone furoate, Fosmidomycin, Fosmidomycin/clindamycin; Glutamine; Heat Shock Protein 10, Hepatitis B hyperimmunoglobulin, HIV vaccine, Hochuekki-to, Human Albumin, Human papillomavirus vaccine; Immune globulin subcutaneous [human], IMP-321, Interferon omega, ISIS-301012, Istaroxime; Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine; Latanoprost/timolol maleate, Lenalidomide, Linaclotide acetate, Lumiracoxib, LY-517717; Malaria vaccine, MAS-063D, Meningitis B vaccine, Mepolizumab, Methylnaltrexone bromide, Micafungin sodium, MK-0822A, Morphine glucuronide, Morphine hydrochloride, Mycophenolic acid sodium salt; Natalizumab, Nesiritide, Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol, NT-201; Oblimersen sodium, Olmesartan medoxomil, Olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide, Omalizumab, Otamixaban; Paclitaxel nanoparticles, Panitumumab, Panobinostat, Parathyroid hormone (human recombinant), Parecoxib sodium, Pegfilgrastim, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Peginterferon alfa-2b, Pegvisomant, PI-88, Pimecrolimus, Pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine, Pneumococcal 9-valent conjugate vaccine, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Poloxamer-188, Prasugrel, Pregabalin, Prulifloxacin; R-109339, Ramipril/amlodipine, Ranolazine, Rasburicase, rHA influenza vaccine, Ro-50-3821, Rosuvastatin calcium, Rotavirus vaccine, Rotigotine, Ruboxistaurin mesilate hydrate; Satavaptan, SC-75416, Solifenacin succinate, Sorafenib, Sugammadex sodium, Sunitinib malate, Synthetic conjugated estrogens B; Tadalafil, Talnetant, Taxus, Tegaserod maleate, Telbivudine, Temsirolimus, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Tetomilast, Tiotropium bromide, Tipifarnib, Tofimilast, Tremelimumab, Trimethoprim; Udenafil, Urocortin 2; Valdecoxib, Vernakalant hydrochloride; XP-828L.
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PMID:Gateways to clinical trials. 1798 11

This appendix provides protocols for some commonly used disposal and decontamination procedures along with analytical techniques that are used to verify that reagents have been decontaminated. Some of the specific reagents covered are diaminobenzidine, ethidium bromide, cyanogen bromide and chloromethylsilane. With modification, these assays may also be used to determine the concentration of a particular chemical. Precautions are also detailed for routine handling of viable pathogenic microorganisms, as well as all human-derived materials, because they may harbor dangerous pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and a host of bacterial pathogens.
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PMID:Laboratory safety. 1842 18

This appendix provides protocols for some commonly used disposal and decontamination procedures along with analytical techniques that are used to verify that reagents have been decontaminated. Some of the specific reagents covered are diaminobenzidine, ethidium bromide, cyanogen bromide and chloromethylsilane. With modification, these assays may also be used to determine the concentration of a particular chemical. Precautions are also detailed for routine handling of viable pathogenic microorganisms, as well as all human-derived materials, because they may harbor dangerous pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and a host of bacterial pathogens.
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PMID:Safe use of hazardous chemicals. 1877 Aug 40

The pyrimidine thione derivatives 2a-d were prepared by the reaction of thiourea, ethyl cyanoacetate and several aromatic aldehydes. The acyclic thioglycosides 4a-7d were prepared by the reaction of the synthesized pyrimidine thiones 2a-d with different alkyl halides, whereas the reaction of 2a-d with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide afforded the cyclic thioglycosides 8a-d whose deprotection afforded 9a-d. The obtained compounds were tested for their antischistosomal and antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Compounds 5a, 5d, 7a showed high activity against HBV using the MTT assay; moreover compounds 5c, 6d, 7a, 9a, 9c exhibited high activity as antischistosomal agents.
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PMID:Antiviral and antischistosomal evaluation of newly synthesized thioglycosides and their acyclic analogues. 1979 97

This study investigated the inhibitory capacity of oxymatrine on in vitro hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. HepG2.2.15 cells were treated with oxymatrine 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 or 1000 mg/l, or with human interferon-alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b 1000 U/l) as a positive control. Levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV-DNA in cell supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescent quantitative-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometric analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of oxymatrine. The inhibitory effects of oxymatrine gradually increased as the concentration increased from 200 to 1000 mg/l for HBsAg and HBeAg, and from 200 to 400 mg/l for HBV-DNA. There was no inhibitory effect of oxymatrine at concentrations < 200 mg/l. No significant difference was seen between human IFN-alpha2b (positive control) and oxymatrine >or= 200 mg/l. It is concluded that oxymatrine can inhibit in vitro HBV replication and antigen expression at concentrations >or= 200 mg/l.
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PMID:Inhibition of the replication of hepatitis B virus in vitro by oxymatrine. 1993 Aug 45


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