Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The human transferrin gene enhancer is composed of two functional domains (A and B). We have previously shown that domain A is able to mediate enhancer activity in transient expression experiments. Here, we show that multimers of the domain A single enhanson coupled to a canonical TATA box are sufficient to promote transcription in vitro with liver nuclear extracts. Gel mobility shift assays reveal the binding of two liver nuclear factors to this enhanson, and methylation interference experiments show that the motif 5'-TGTTTGCTTT-3' is the target site for these factors. This was confirmed by the use of mutants in gel retardation assays and transient expression experiments. The two proteins interacting with the decanucleotide have been purified from rat liver nuclear extracts by DNA affinity chromatography. The purified proteins named enhancer-binding protein (EBP)-45 and EBP-40 appear as single polypeptide bands with respective molecular masses of 45 and 40 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The TGTTTGC motif was found to be important for the hepatocyte-specific expression of several genes; and in some cases, it was demonstrated that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) is able to bind to this sequence. In vitro experiments show that EBP-45 and EBP-40 are different from C/EBP; they also show that the two proteins interact with the TGTTTGC motif present in control regions of other hepatic genes, such as the mouse albumin enhancer eH and hepatitis B virus enhancer E elements.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of the active part of the human transferrin gene enhancer and purification of two liver nuclear factors interacting with the TGTTTGC motif present in this region. 174 90

We describe two rapid, simple, and reliable procedures for routine purification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA from serum. HBV DNA could be purified from 24 serum samples in 1.5 to 2 h and was recovered in the initial reaction vessel. Both procedures have in common that HBV DNA is complexed with silica particles in the chaotropic agent guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN) but differ in lysis conditions and in the conditions used to elute HBV DNA from the silica particles after purification of the silica-DNA complexes. In one procedure (protocol H), serum HBV lysis was mediated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-proteinase treatment and HBV DNA was subsequently complexed with silica particles in the presence of GuSCN. After washing and drying of the silica-DNA complexes, HBV DNA was eluted from the silica particles in a low-salt buffer. In the other procedure (protocol Y*), serum HBV was directly lysed in GuSCN and HBV DNA was simultaneously complexed with silica particles. After washing and drying of the complexes, HBV DNA was eluted by proteinase treatment in low-salt buffer. Omission of proteinase treatment prevented efficient elution, presumably because of copurification of the protein which is covalently bound to the HBV DNA genome. We show, by Southern blot analysis, that HBV DNA could be reproducibly purified from human serum with the same yields by either procedure (30 to 50% relative to a classic procedure) and apparently independent of serum composition. HBV DNA purified by either method was a good substrate in the polymerase chain reaction compared with DNA purified by the classic procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Rapid purification of hepatitis B virus DNA from serum. 177

Human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) was purified from the plasma of six patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to hepatitis B in two and non-A, non-B hepatitis in four. The purified hHGF from each patient contained two major protein bands having molecular weights of 79,000 and 86,000 and several minor bands having molecular weights between 76,000 and 92,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis performed under nonreduced conditions. After reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol, three major bands having molecular weights of 58,000, 34,500, and 31,500 were evident. In addition, a band having a molecular weight of 21,000 was detected. hHGF activity was destroyed by its reduction. The hHGF purified from patients demonstrated a dose response in terms of an increase in DNA synthesis using cultured hepatocytes. The hHGF concentration in the plasma of the patients with grade III-IV hepatic coma was calculated to be in the range of 1.8-3.0 nM. Finally the heavy chain of hHGF was not recognized by an anti-human albumin antibody, indicating that hHGF is not biliprotein, an albumin-bilirubin complex, that has been reported to be a putative liver growth factor.
 ...
PMID:Human hepatocyte growth factor in blood of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Basic aspects. 182 62

In 47 patients who underwent 53 liver transplantations and immunosuppression with cyclosporine (cyclosporin A), methylprednisolone sodium succinate, and antithymocyte globulin, 146 histopathological studies were performed (138 biopsies, six hepatectomies, and two autopsies). The following microscopical diagnoses were made: 43 acute rejections (29.4%), six chronic rejections (4.1%), 18 liver blood perfusion changes (12.3%), 15 biliary changes (10.2%), 10 cases of functional cholestasis (6.8%), two drug reactions (1.3%), two hepatitis B virus recurrences (1.3%), 11 opportunistic viral infections (7.5%), 18 minimal changes (12.3%), two nonclassifiable changes (1.3%), and 19 plurietiological changes (13%). A histopathological diagnosis of acute rejection was made in 31 transplants (58.4%). In 22 (71%) of them, acute rejection was diagnosed with the protocol biopsy specimen that was obtained during the second posttransplant week. Leukocyte counts and serum bilirubin and enzyme levels were obtained on the same day that the hepatic biopsy specimens were taken. There was no significant statistical difference between the mean serum data that accompanied each histopathological diagnosis, allowing identification of a characteristic biochemical profile for the causes of graft dysfunction. We report a detailed description of the microscopical findings of each diagnosis and the following conclusions: (1) Acute rejection is the most frequent cause of hepatic dysfunction and has an early appearance during the posttransplant period. (2) Histopathological findings can identify the causes of the dysfunction. (3) There is no specific biochemical pattern to differentiate these causes. This may be due to the frequent combination of etiological factors in every dysfunction episode.
 ...
PMID:Effectiveness of histopathological diagnoses in dysfunction of hepatic transplantation. Review of 146 histopathological studies from 53 transplants. 189 48

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are all transmitted by minute amounts of infected blood. Surgeons are at risk of contracting these infections by a number of routes including splashes of blood on to the mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth, needle stick injuries and spillage of blood on chapped ungloved hands. The endoscopic surgeon is quite unaware of nearly all instances of facial contamination because the splashes are frequently both minute and dilute. Sodium fluorescein, an indelible fluorescent dye detectable in dilutions of one to two parts per million, has been used in this prospective study as a marker of irrigating fluid used during transurethral resection. In 17 out of 20 consecutive operations its presence on the face of the surgeon was revealed by photography, although only a few splashes were visible to the naked eye. There was a random distribution of splashes and also a recurring pattern of contamination of the orbit of the eye that looks through the telescope and the tip of the nose. Vaccination against hepatitis B is recommended for all endoscopic surgeons, together with the use of protective glasses and a mask that covers both the nose and mouth. The greatest danger to the health care team is from an infectious patient who is an unknown risk. It is recommended that high risk patients presenting for transurethral resection should first be screened for the presence of HBV, HCV and HIV antigens.
 ...
PMID:AIDS and hepatitis B and C: contamination risk at transurethral resection. A study using sodium fluorescein as a marker. 211 24

HBsAg is known to bind to human serum albumin polymerized by glutaraldehyde, human serum albumin has been found in preparations of HBsAg by several investigators. However, it is not yet known whether natural human serum albumin binds to hepatitis B virus under physiological conditions. We studied the binding between natural or recombinant HBsAg and monomeric human serum albumin by immunological, biochemical and biophysical methods. The binding capacity of 20-nm HBs spheres was variable but ranged up to six molecules HSA/sphere. A reversible binding site for human serum albumin was exclusively localized in the preS2 domain, whereas the S domain was inactive in vitro. Human serum albumin copurified with HBsAg of human origin during gel chromatography or sucrose-gradient centrifugation. This human serum albumin was monomeric in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The preS2-bound part of the human serum albumin could be removed from HBsAg by high-salt, such as CsCl centrifugation, but another part could only be removed by treatment with a disulfide cleaving reagent. Most of this covalently bound human serum albumin was retained at the HBsAg particle after complete cleavage of medium-sized HBs protein with trypsin. This indicates a second way in which albumin binds irreversible to cysteine(s) of the small HBs protein (SHBs, P24 and GP27).
 ...
PMID:Interaction between hepatitis B surface proteins and monomeric human serum albumin. 216 67

In 1985 a mixture of red cells collected in citrate anticoagulant with plasma derived from heparinized blood was introduced in Amsterdam to perform exchange transfusions in newborns. This heparin mixture has physiological levels of electrolytes, calcium and glucose, can be delivered on short notice and carries a minimal risk of transmission of infectious diseases because all blood components are tested for hepatitis B antigen and antibodies against syphilis and the human immunodeficiency virus. Retrospectively we evaluated 54 children treated in 1986 and 1987 with exchange transfusions using this heparin mixture. An adequate decrease in bilirubin values when necessary was observed while neither changes in sodium, potassium, calcium or glucose values nor adverse effects on the pH value were recorded. However, a remarkable transient thrombocytopenia was found following exchange transfusion with a decrease of the platelet count to an average of 39% of the initial value.
 ...
PMID:[The use of a mixture of citrated erythrocytes and heparin plasma for exchange transfusions]. 221 59

A Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) developed clinical signs, serum biochemical values, and serologic viral markers consistent with chronic persistent hepatitis caused by a hepatitis B-like virus. The hepatitis had a sporadic cyclical pattern of lethargy, inappetance, and icterus, with leukocytosis and increased serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The serum from this dolphin contained hepatitis B virus core antibodies, hepatitis B surface antibodies, and hepatitis B viral DNA. Supportive treatment consisted of administration of antibiotics, cimetidine, menadiol sodium diphosphate, and vitamin/dextrose supplementation. A clinically normal killer whale (Orcinus orca) housed in the same pool had serum hepatitis B surface antibodies, suggesting immunologic responsiveness and that this disease was not species-specific.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B-like infection in a Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). 229 47

Tree squirrel hepatitis B virus (THBV)-associated particles isolated from the livers of naturally infected animals share one or more antigenic determinants with hepatitis B surface antigen in solid-phase immunoassays. Characterization of THBV-associated polypeptides by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reproducibly demonstrated major components with apparent sizes of 15.5 and 17 kDa. Peptide mapping of these components shows that they are related to the peptide maps of the major surface antigen polypeptides associated with hepatitis B virus and like viruses. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel analysis also demonstrated discrete bands at 14.5, 19, 20, and 35 kDa. Upon blotting of THBV-associated polypeptides with sera containing antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen or hepatitis B X antigen, only the 35-kDa band became detectable, suggesting that this component is core related. These results establish the presence of both surface and core antigen-related polypeptides associated with purified THBV and better define the relationship of THBV to the family of hepatitis B virus and like viruses.
 ...
PMID:Tree squirrel hepatitis B virus: antigenic and structural characterization. 242 63

The effect of delipidizing agents and a reducing agent on the antigenicity of 20 nm particles of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied. The antigenicity was determined from the capacity of binding with antibody in passive hemagglutination test (PHAT) and dot-blot immune binding (DBIB). Delipidation was found to lead to an apparent decrease of antigenicity caused by aggregation. Subsequent destruction of the aggregates by treatment with sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) reduced the antigenicity. Treatment with the reducing agent in the presence of SDS results in the loss of antigenicity detectable by PHAT, the DBIB titres remaining unchanged. Some examples demonstrate a high sensitivity of DBIB in detection of HBsAg. The advantages of the latter test over other methods of immune diagnosis are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Binding of the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus with antibodies studied with different denaturation exposures and with different analytical methods]. 242 56


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>