Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A survey conducted in rural southern African black subjects indicated that dietary iron overload remains a major health problem. A full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum concentrations of iron, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and serological screening for hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections were carried out in 370 subjects (214 inpatients and 156 ambulatory Mozambican refugees). The fact that the geometric mean (SD range) serum ferritin concentration was much higher in the male hospital patients than in subjects living in the community [1,581 micrograms/l (421-5,944 micrograms/l) and 448 micrograms/l (103-1,945 micrograms/l) respectively] suggested that dietary iron overload was not the only factor raising the serum ferritin concentration. The major additional factor appeared to be inflammation, since the geometric mean (SD range) serum CRP was significantly higher in male hospital patients [21 mg/l (8-53 mg/l)] than in subjects in the community [3 mg/l (1-5 mg)]. Alcohol ingestion, as judged by history and by serum GGT concentrations, was also associated with significantly raised serum ferritin concentrations. This finding was ascribed to the fact that traditional brews are not only associated with alcohol-induced hepatic damage but are also a very rich source of highly bio-available iron. The role of iron overload in the genesis of the raised serum ferritin concentrations are confirmed in the diagnostic liver biopsy study. The majority of biopsies showed heavy siderosis, with varying degrees of hepatic damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Dietary iron overload in southern African rural blacks. 197 6

The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in a 22-year-old man with thalassemia major is reported. As a result of transfusional hemochromatosis, this patient had already developed diabetes, hypogonadism, heart failure, and the sicca syndrome; he was serum and tissue HBsAg negative. Liver iron concentration measured postmortem was found to be 50 times normal. Multiply transfused patients are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Serial measurements of serum alpha-fetoprotein should permit early detection of the tumor and reduce mortality. Preventive measures include early immunisation against hepatitis B virus and prevention of iron accumulation by intensive use of desferrioxamine. Treatment of hemochromatosis-associated hypogonadism with androgens should be considered with caution.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in thalassemia major. 243 Dec 57

Previous reports have emphasized the association of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis with cirrhosis. In contrast, patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis without cirrhosis have no increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Phlebotomy therapy, by preventing the accumulation of parenchymal iron and subsequent cirrhosis, is believed to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma in the precirrhotic stage of the disease. We report the case of a 67-yr-old man with a 32-yr history of idiopathic hemochromatosis complicated by cirrhosis, who had reversal of cirrhosis with phlebotomy therapy, yet developed hepatocellular carcinoma. There was no serologic or tissue evidence of hepatitis B infection.
 ...
PMID:Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in idiopathic hemochromatosis after reversal of cirrhosis. 284 22

Higher serum iron and ferritin levels noted in hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) carriers than in noncarriers suggests that virus might actively replicate in hepatocytes, stimulate ferritin synthesis, and result in increased liver iron stores. A comparative semiquantitative study of immunohistochemical ferritin (0-12) and hemosiderin (0-9) was performed on 54 normal, 13 cirrhotic, and 70 nonneoplastic livers from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, in each group, comparing amounts in HBAg-positive and HBAg-negative patients. Mean scores for ferritin and hemosiderin were high in all three groups, normal livers averaging 8.3 and 6, respectively, cirrhotic livers, 8.5 and 7.4, respectively, and carcinoma livers, 5.6 and 6.1, respectively. In each group, there was no significant difference in ferritin and hemosiderin mean scores in HBAg-positive and HBAg-negative patients. The large liver iron stores do not appear to be a consequence of hepatitis B virus infection alone. Their role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma is still to be elucidated.
 ...
PMID:Liver iron stores and hepatitis B antigen status. 299 50

Liberian sera collected in 1973 from 592 residents of agricultural and iron ore mining companies were tested for LAV (HTLV-III), now known as HIV, by ELISA and western blotting, and no positives were found. The ELISA tests were kits from ELAVIA, Institute Pasteur, France, and VIRAMED, Electro Nucleonics, USA, and the immunoblot method was that of Towbin et al. The subjects included 430 men and non-pregnant women who had no positive findings, and 162 pregnant women at parturition, of whom 7 had positive ELISAs but negative confirmatory western blots. This population had high rates of onchocerciasis, hepatitis B, nematodes, Schistosomas, Marburg virus and Ebola virus.
 ...
PMID:No evidence of LAV infection in the Republic of Liberia, West Africa, in the year 1973. 301 88

Surgically resected specimens, consisting of tumor and adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissue, were obtained from 40 patients with primary liver cancer at Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, the People's Republic of China, between March 1983 and July 1984. All were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), one being admixed with cholangiocarcinoma. The relationship of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers with iron and ferritin was evaluated in liver tissues from patients with primary liver cancers. The serum HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) positive rate was 80.0% (32/40). Cirrhosis was observed in 97.5% (39/40). HBsAg was identified in 82.5% (33/40) of uninvolved liver, and 35.0% (14/40) of HCC tissues (P less than 0.001). HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen) was detected in 25.0% (10/40) of liver, and 7.5% (3/40) of HCC tissues (P less than 0.05). Stainable iron was found in 65.0% (26/40) of unaffected livers, and 10.0% (4/40) of HCC tissues (P less than 0.001). Ferritin was demonstrated in 75% (30/40) of non-neoplastic liver, and 40% (16/40) of HCC tissues (P less than 0.001). Twenty-two of 33 HCC patients (66.7%) with HBsAg positive cells in their livers also showed stainable iron. Of 16 patients positive for ferritin in HCC cells, iron was found in only two. Iron was found in nine of ten patients with HBcAg in non-neoplastic hepatocytes (P = 0.056); a finding compatible with the hypothesis that iron accumulates in cells replicating HBV. The other results indicate that: immunohistologic ferritin in HCC is not due to increased stainable iron; tumor cells may produce ferritin; polyclonal antibodies to human liver ferritin react better with non-neoplastic hepatocytes than with HCC cells; the high prevalence of HBsAg and cirrhosis in HCC suggests that HBV plays a major etiologic role in hepatocarcinogenesis in China; and one case of HCC is attributed to Schistosoma japonicum infestation via cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Iron, ferritin, hepatitis B surface and core antigens in the livers of Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 302 1

Liver biopsies were performed on 51 regularly transfused patients with beta thalassaemia, age range 5-36 (mean 18.6) years, who had received regular subcutaneous desferrioxamine (DFX) treatment for periods between one and eight years (40 for eight years). The biopsy specimens were examined by light microscopy and immunofluorescence for hepatitis B virus surface and core antigens (HBsAg and HBcAg), and the iron content was determined chemically. The results were compared with serum ferritin concentration and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity and with hepatitis B virus serology. Biopsy specimens, in which chemical liver iron had been determined in 12, were also available from 17 patients. Mean serum ferritin (+/- SD) had fallen from 5885 (3245) micrograms/l to 1638 (976) micrograms/l in 36 patients after eight years' chelation, while mean (+/- SD) liver iron concentration had fallen from 2945 (900) micrograms/100 mg dry weight to 857 (435) micrograms/100 mg dry weight in 12 of them. All biopsy specimens examined were negative for HBs and HBc antigens. The presence of histological features of hepatitis was associated with increased liver iron content, increased fibrosis, and with progression of fibrosis between the two biopsies. Procollagen III peptide was assayed in 28 patients but did not correlate with the degree of hepatitis, fibrosis, or with chemical liver iron content. We conclude that with regular subcutaneous DFX, mean concentrations of serum ferritin and liver iron are maintained in these patients at about five and 10 times the normal value, respectively, and that progression of liver damage is more likely to be due to viral hepatitis, presumably related to the parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B agents than to iron overload.
 ...
PMID:Iron state and hepatic disease in patients with thalassaemia major, treated with long term subcutaneous desferrioxamine. 312 79

The human hepatoma cell line Hep 3B, which has the hepatitis B virus genome, shows over 80% decrease of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity, over 90% decrease of manganese superoxide dismutase activity, over 70% decrease of catalase activity, absence of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, over 270-fold increase of ferritin content and 25-fold increase of total iron compared to normal autopsy liver. These conditions of low antioxidant enzyme activities and iron overload are those which support the accumulation of oxygen free-radicals and DNA damage commonly considered to be carcinogenic mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidant systems in tumour cells: the levels of antioxidant enzymes, ferritin, and total iron in a human hepatoma cell line. 350 92

To determine the characteristics of blood donors in western Venezuela, we collected data from 1983 to 1985 on 31,320 volunteer donors at the Blood Bank of the State of Zulia in Maracaibo. Fifty-nine percent of the donors were blood group O, 30 percent were group A, 9 percent were group B, and 2 percent were group AB. Most of the donors (93%) were Rh positive. One percent of donors had positive reactions to hepatitis B surface antigen, 3.15 percent for syphilis, 1.43 percent for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi, and 0.32 percent to human immunodeficiency virus antibodies. About one-half of the donors were between 18 and 30 years old, and only 10 percent were women. To determine if iron deficiency anemia was a cause for the small size of the female donor pool, we measured serum ferritin in 50 first-time female donors. Ten of these (20%) had serum ferritin values below normal, and the distribution of serum ferritin levels of all 50 was very similar to that reported for frequent donors in Europe and the United States, with a clustering of ferritin values between 10 and 70 ng per ml. The data indicate that blood donors in western Venezuela are markedly different from those in the United States and that iron supplementation may be indicated for female Venezuelan donors.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics of a donor population in western Venezuela. 368 59

Most pathologic studies of liver disease in sickle cell anemia and its variants were performed retrospectively on autopsy specimens, and, because of the prominent histologic features of intrasinusoidal sickling and Kupffer cell erythrophagocytosis, hepatic dysfunction was attributed to the intrahepatic sickling of erythrocytes in this hemoglobinopathy. We compared the liver histology from 19 patients who had liver biopsies to the autopsy specimens from 32 patients who succumbed to the complications of the hemoglobinopathy. In the former, nine patients had histological evidence of viral hepatitis. Four of these patients had both serological and immunohistochemical evidence of hepatitis B surface antigen. The features of biliary tree obstruction were found in two cases and alcoholic cirrhosis and sarcoid granuloma in one case each. Only one patient, who had recovered from septic shock, showed ischemic necrosis. In five patients incidentally biopsied during cholecystectomy, no significant lesions were found. Fourteen of the autopsy specimens showed ischemic necrosis, a result which was significantly different from the biopsy group. Ten cases had no significant morphologic changes other than heavy iron deposits. There were two cases with chronic active hepatitis, two with diffuse fibrosis, and one case each of cirrhosis, acute viral hepatitis, cholestasis, and giant cell hepatitis. Intrahepatic sickling and erythrophagocytosis were seen in almost all specimens and did not correlate with liver disease or transaminase elevation. Other than the patient with septic shock, ischemic necrosis was found only in postmortem material. These histological features may represent red cell destruction rather than the etiology of liver disease in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Pathological spectrum of liver diseases in sickle cell disease. 394 29


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>