Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In endemic areas of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, perinatal transmission from asymptomatic HBsAg carrier mothers to infants plays a major role in the transmission of HBV. HBeAg indicates a high level of viral replication and infectivity. Most of the infants born to HBeAg positive mothers become carriers. Prenatal screening of HBsAg would identify infected mothers and thus allow preventive administration of immunoglobulin and immunization to the newborns. Reversed passive hemagglutination assay (RPHA) is commonly used in Thailand for HBsAg screening. However this method has low sensitivity and gives false negative results. Therefore, infants born to HBsAg false negative mothers would not receive proper immunization. This study reveals the rate of false negative results for HBsAg by RPHA in high infectivity sera. Of 985 sera which were HBsAg positive by ELISA, 70 (7.1%) were negative for HBsAg by RPHA. Of these 70 false negative sera, 7 (10%) were HBeAg positive. Our results indicate that RPHA is a less sensitive method for detection of HBsAg than ELISA. RPHA can give false negative results even in sera with high HBV infectivity. Therefore, RPHA should be replaced by EIA for prenatal HBsAg screening or any other screening for HBV infection whenever possible.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2002 Jun
PMID:Reversed passive hemagglutination test fails to detect HBsAg in a number of HBeAg positive sera. 1240 99

Ten million new cancer patients are diagnosed each year worldwide. Many specific causes of cancer are known, ranging from factors related to lifestyle, diet and chronic infections to occupational exposures. Primary and secondary prevention continue to be of major importance in cancer control globally. The global burden of cancer, especially the part attributable to infectious diseases, disproportionally affects populations in developing countries. Inadequate access to treatment (pharmaceuticals and other modern technology) plays a role in perpetuating this disparity. Drugs and vaccines may not be accessible because of excessive cost or because development of the required products has been neglected. The remarkable advances in molecular understanding of the carcinogenesis process over the past 25 years have transformed the approaches to cancer control. Promising new tools in preventive oncology, such as immunization (vaccines) and chemoprevention, have emerged. Vaccines are currently being tested in trials e.g., against hepatitis B virus and human papillomaviruses. Chemoprevention has been successfully achieved in animal experiments, and has been validated in several clinical trials. The current agents and strategies should not be regarded as a panacea; more effective and safer vaccines and chemopreventive agents are needed. Future enhanced efforts on an international basis are needed to coordinate the prevention and intervention research efforts in a cost-efficient and affordable manner. Cancer prevention deserves continuing high priority in terms of both research and application, also in the developing countries. New ventures may be built on possible expansion of IARC's role in prevention and intervention research into a "Global Science Force" by following the examples of e.g., the Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study and the cervix cancer screening trials in India. WHO's support with its regional offices would be beneficial, together with further national funding and support, and research collaboration and funding from more wealthy countries.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2002
PMID:Social Responsibility in Cancer Prevention Research: IARC as a 'Global Science Force' 1271 86

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), distributed throughout the world, is classified into seven geographically separated genotypes designated A to G. Since the prevalence of HBV infection in isolated ethnic Tibetan populations in China, and the HBV genotypes involved have been hither to remained unclear, we collected 262 blood samples from four isolated villages in the east and west regions of Tibet. The prevalence of HBV infection was estimated by EIA for HBV Ag and HBV Ab. The HBV genotypes were determined by a PCR-microwell plate hybridization method using plasma DNA. The prevalence of HBV Ag and HBV Ab positives was 19.1% (50/262 cases) and 29.0% (76/262 cases), respectively. We detected only the C genotype (20/20 cases), this being known as a predominant type of HBV among Mongoloid populations in Asia. The results revealed, for the first time, that Tibetan villagers have a high rate of infection with HBV of C genotype, in line with the available data for chronic hepatitis and liver cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2001
PMID:High Prevalence of HBV in Tibet, China. 1271 22

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem in China. This study examined liver function in relation to HBV infection, and the occupational and lifestyle factors among workers in Shanghai. The study included 690 male workers aged 20-59 employed at a steel manufacturing company. The occupational and lifestyle factors were evaluated by self-administered questionnaire addressing worksite, exposure to dust or chemicals, history of cigarette smoking and habitual alcohol consumption. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) seropositivity was 21.4%. Elevated values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, >30IU/liter) appeared in HBsAg-positive and current alcohol drinking groups but statistically on the borderline. There was a positive linear trend in the odds ratios(ORs) among age groups and ethanol consumption levels for elevated values of g-glutamyl transferase (GGT, >50IU/liter). There was no clear association between occupational exposure and liver functions. When the effects of HBsAg and the current alcohol drinking status on the elevated value of AST were examined simultaneously, OR for cases with HBsAg-positive and current alcohol drinking rose to 2.85(95%CI.98-8.28) against reference cases with HBsAg-negative and non-alcohol drinking, although this association was statistically on the borderline. The results indicated that some interventional attempts including educational strategy for alcohol drinking would be important among the HBsAg-positive cases to reduce the risk of liver dysfunction and further, hepatocellular carcinoma.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2001
PMID:The Effects of the Hepatitis B Virus and Occupational and Lifestyle Factors on Liver Function Among Workers in Shanghai. 1271 33

The cancer registry is an essential part of any rational programme of cancer control. The information is the primary resource for epidemiological research and for planning and evaluating health services for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Epidemiological research, based on comprehensive cancer registration, remains the most valid and efficient way to plan and evaluate all aspects of cancer control. The estimated incidence of primary liver cancer in Thailand is very high, Liver cancer is the leading cancer in males and third in frequency in females. There is a very marked regional variation, with the highest incidence in the northeast, the age - standardized incidence rate of liver cancer in Khon Kaen is highest in the world. The percentage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) varies greatly between regions. In Thailand, chronic infections with hepatitis B virus and the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini are the major risk factors for the development of HCC and CCA, respectively. Primary prevention is an important approach for prevention and control of liver cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2001
PMID:Epidemiology of Liver Cancer in Thailand. 1271 42

A population-based case-control study was carried out to investigate risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Nagoya, Japan, including hepatitis virus infections, drinking and smoking habits and genetic polymorphisms in aldehyde dehydrogenase2 (ALDH2) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1). A total of 84 patients with HCC and 84 sex, age and residence pair-matched controls were recruited for this study. By univariate analysis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) (OR=5.14; 95%CI=2.29-11.6) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)(OR=32.00; 95%CI=7.83-130.7) infections, having a history of blood transfusion (OR=5.25; 95%CI=1.80-15.29), and habitual smoking (OR=2.36; 95%CI=1.17-4.78) were significantly linked to cases; by multivariate analysis, HCV infection (OR=23.5; 95%CI=5.07-108.9) and habitual smoking (OR=5.41; 95%CI=1.10-26.70) were still associated with a significantly increased risk. The c1/c1 genotype of CYP2E1 (odds ratio [OR]= 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.21-0.99), detected by Pstl and Rsal digestion was significantly more prevalent in the control group, while 1-1 genotype of ALDH2 (OR=1.24; 95%CI=0.70-2.20) did not demonstrate variation. There were no statistically significant interactions between habitual smoking/drinking and genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2/P4502E1 with reference to HCC development. These findings suggest that viruses, especially HCV infection, and habitual smoking are major independent risk factors, while genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 and CYP2E1 have only limited contribution to the risk of HCC in Nagoya, Japan.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:HBV/HCV Infection, Alcohol, Tobacco and Genetic Polymorphisms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nagoya, Japan. 1271 71

Since there has been no report on histologic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its significance in the Thai population, the present study was conducted to elucidate the situation through appraisal of histologic and laboratory records. A total of 180 archived microscopic slides of HCC in Sonklanagarind Hospital from 1991 to 1998 were of good enough quality with sufficient tissue to be reviewed. The reclassified histologic subtypes were correlated with microscopic features and laboratory data. Of the 180 cases, 147 were males and hepatitis B was the main etiologic factor. The histologic subtypes of HCC were trabecular 63.3%, compact 15.6%, scirrhous 7.8%, pseudoglandular 5%, and fibrolamellar 0.6%. There was no correlation between histologic subtypes and morphological findings, as well as HBV, HCV, and cirrhotic status. A correlation between AFP levels and the AST/ALT ratio was evident.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Histologic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma in the southern Thai population. 1472 87

The incidence of liver cancer varies widely throughout the world, with high rates in sub - Saharan Africa, eastern and southeastern Asia, and Melanesia and a low incidence in Northern and Western Europe and the Americas. Primary cancers of the liver in adults are of two main histological types: hepatocellular carcinoma, which is derived from hepatocytes, and cholangiocarcinoma, which is derived from the epithelial lining of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Hepatocellular cancer is a frequently occurring tumor in individuals in many developing countries, where several important risk factors have been demonstrated, including chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses and other environmental factors, such as exposure to aflatoxin, consumption of alcohol, and cigarette smoking. By contrast, cholangiocarcinoma is less common, accounting for only 7.7% of malignant tumors of the liver in the United States. However, in parts of Southeast Asia, cholangiocarcinoma occurs more frequently; it is responsible for more than 60% of liver tumors in northeastern Thailand. The geographic distribution worldwide coincides with endemic areas of the liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis. The interaction between genes and the environment and the interplay of environmental factors, which include diet and other lifestyle parameters, illustrate the complexity underlying susceptibility.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Epidemiology of liver cancer: an overview. 1524 12

The exact etiology of cholangiocarcinoma remains undetermined. One of the related risk factors for its development might be chronic viral hepatitis infection. Concerning hepatitis B infection, a correlation with cholangiocarcinoma has been documented. Here, we summarize knowledge on the prevalence of hepatitis B seropositivity among patients with cholangiocarcinomas. According to the literature review, five reports were recruited for further metanalysis, covering 565 cases. The overall prevalence of seropositive cancer was 14.5% (83/565). Further analysis revealed no correlation between prevalence rate and nationality of the studied population (P > 0.05). Therefore, hepatitis B infection might be a contributing factor for cholangiocarcinoma development.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Seroprevalence of hepatitis virus B seropositive in the patients with cholangiocarcinoma: a summary. 1578 27

The prevalence of primary liver cancer varies throughout the world. Hepatoblastoma is the most common pediatric liver malignancy, comprising approximately 1% of all pediatric cancers. The exact etiology of hepatoblastoma remains undetermined. Concerning hepatitis B infection, whether there are links with hepatoblastoma is poorly documented. Here, we summarize knowledge on the prevalence of hepatitis B seropositives among the patients with hepatoblastoma. According to the literature review, six reports were recruited for metanalysis, with a total of 60 cases. The overall prevalence of seropositive cancer was 3.3 % (2/560). Further analysis revealed no correlation between prevalence rate and nationality of the studied population (P > 0.05). Therefore, hepatitis B infection does not appear to be a contributing factor for hepatoblastoma. Further studies are needed to clarify which are the risk factors for the hepatoblastoma.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Hepatitis virus B is not a risk factor in hepatoblastoma patients. 1610 36


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