Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Combined prophylaxis of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with hepatitis-B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis-B vaccine was investigated in 40 infants born to HBeAg positive carrier mothers. The efficacy of two combined prophylaxis schedules was compared to 78 similar infants in the control group receiving no treatment, by following the HBV markers at regular intervals up to one year of age. In both schedules, the HBIG and HBV vaccine were given at birth, followed by HBV vaccine given at 30 days and 60 days (group I) or 180 days (group II) of age. The incidence of persistent HBsAg carrier in infants born to HBeAg positive carrier mothers was significantly reduced from 92.6 percent at one year of age in the control group to zero percent (group I) and 11.5 percent (group II) in the treated groups. There was no statistical significant difference in the efficacy of these two combined prophylaxis schedules. HBIG given at birth did not interfere with infant immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine. At twelve months of age, anti-HBs could be detected in 77.8 percent of infants in group I and 89.5 percent in group II with mean titre of 621.4 and 1148.0 in group I and group II respectively. It was concluded that combined prophylaxis with HBIG and hepatitis-B vaccine immediately after birth is the best method for prevention of HBV perinatal transmission from HBeAg positive carrier mothers to their infants.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1986 Jun
PMID:Efficacy of hepatitis-B immunoglobulin and hepatitis-B vaccine in prevention of the HBsAg carrier state in newborn infants of mothers who are chronic carriers of HBsAg and HBeAg. 373 58

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from asymptomatic HBsAg carrier mothers to their infants was studied in 78 mother-infant pairs by determination of HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBe both in the mothers and in their infants at regular intervals for those children up to the time when they reached at least one year of age. Twenty-five out of the 78 (32.1%) infants born to these mothers were HBsAg-positive 2-6 months after birth and they remained so throughout the observation period of at least one year or more. Perinatal HBV transmission occurred only in infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers who were HBeAg-positive (92.6%) but not in those born to HBsAg carrier mothers who had no detectable HBeAg. This study suggests that preventive measures against HBV transmission during the perinatal period should be taken only for infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers who are HBeAg-positive. In addition, the active immune response to HBV was studied in 75 non-HBsAg carrier infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers by determination of anti-HBs at one year of age or older. Forty-three of these infants were treated with HBIG at birth and 32 infants received no treatment. It was found that infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers who were HBeAg-positive had a better active immune response (84.2% positive for anti-HBs) than infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers who had no detectable HBeAg or anti-HBe (14.3% and 20.4% positive for anti-HBs respectively).
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1985 Dec
PMID:Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus in Thailand. 407 76

The study was performed in 6 Thai children with primary acquired cold urticaria. They all suffered from generalized urticaria and two of them also had angioedema. All of them had normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate, complement 3 and negative VDRL, TPHA, hepatitis B screen and cold agglutinin titer. Cryoglobulin was checked in 3 cases and showed negative results A double-blind cross-over study to compare the effectiveness of cyproheptadine and ketotifen demonstrated that the efficacy of cyproheptadine and ketotifen on clinical symptoms and ice cube test was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Both of them showed good results in the treatment of cold urticaria with mild side effects. During the follow up, 5 cases showed complete recovery while the other one developed one or two exacerbations per year upon cold exposure. However, the symptoms were mild and subsided on administration of one or two doses of H1 antihistamine. Our data demonstrated that ketotifen was as effective as cyproheptadine in the treatment of cold urticaria in Thai children.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1995 Jun
PMID:Cold urticaria in Thai children: comparison between cyproheptadine and ketotifen in the treatment. 748 41

Large cell liver cell dysplasia (LCD), a suggested preneoplastic change progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma, has been reported associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency which in some countries has an increased frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma. We examined the nonneoplastic liver from 13 alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency patients for LCD and, using a labeled streptavidin-biotin technique, for immunohistochemical markers: AAT (1/200), hepatitis B surface (HBsAg, prediluted) and core (HBcAg, 1/400) antigens, and monoclonal (1/20) and polyclonal (1/40) mutant p53, a tumor suppressor gene. There were eight males and five females ranging from 2 mo to 76 yr (mean 40 yr). Nine livers showed cirrhosis, one chronic persistent hepatitis, one portal fibrosis, and two cholestatic hepatitis (in the two infants). The nine cases with LCD included five males and four females of mean age 46 yr (range, 17-71), eight with cirrhosis and one with portal fibrosis. Only one liver with LCD and cirrhosis had HBcAg in cirrhotic and dysplastic cells. No patient had developed hepatocellular carcinoma. All 13 livers were immunonegative for HBsAg and mutant p53, and immunopositive for AAT present in normal, cirrhotic, and dysplastic liver cells. Thus, LCD was identified in 82% of adult alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency livers (69% including infantile patients), 89% with cirrhosis, and none with malignancy. HB expression was rarely present; serology for HB and/or hepatitis C was positive in 46% adults. Immunoreactive AAT was present in dysplastic cells. p53 gene mutations do not appear to have a role in the pathogenesis of LCD in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
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PMID:Liver cell dysplasia in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. 815 50

The immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine, GenHevac B Pasteur with or without passive immunization with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in high risk neonates born from HBsAg and HBeAg positive mothers was evaluated. Twenty-six neonates (group A) received HBIG 100 IU intramuscularly at birth plus GenHevac B Pasteur 20 micrograms at birth, 1, 2 and 12 months of age while another 23 neonates (group B) received only GenHevac B Pasteur vaccine. Forty high risk newborns who received no immunization served as control group. It was found that at months 4, 12, 13 and 24 the seroconversion rate in both group A and B were very high in the range of 95-100% with the GMT ranging from 10-160,000 mlU/ml. In the control group of infants, 85% had HBsAg positive at one year of age but it was only 3.8% and 8.7% in vaccinated groups A and B, respectively. The protective efficacy in neonates group A and B were 95.5% and 89.8% at one year, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. In 46 normal school children (group C) and 48 healthy adults (group D) who received the same dose of GenHevac B Pasteur the seroconversion rates at month 4 after receiving 3 doses of vaccination were 97.8% and 83.3% in group C and group D, respectively. At month 12, the seroconversion rate in group C rose to 100% and was significantly higher than the 89.6% of group D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1993 Jun
PMID:Immunogenicity and efficacy of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine, GenHevac B Pasteur in high risk neonates, school children and healthy adults. 821 64

It would be desirable to develop antiviral agents that can be targeted to liver to enhance their antiviral effects and reduce nonhepatic toxicity. 2',3'-Dideoxyguanosine (ddG) has been found to be a potent and selective antihepatitis B agent both in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate ddG and its liver-targeted analog, we synthesized a series of phosphatidyl-ddGs and incubated them with 2.2.15 cells, which chronically produce hepatitis B virus. 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-dideoxyguanosine (DPP-ddG) inhibited the production of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the culture medium by 90% at 4.5 mumol/L versus 9.1 mumol/L for ddG, while the liposome vehicle itself had no effect. To compare the efficacy of free ddG with its lipid prodrug in vivo, we treated woodchucks that were experimentally infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) for 4 weeks by intraperitoneal injection of 2.6 mumol/kg/d of free ddG or liposomes containing 2.6 mumol/kg/d of DPP-ddG. Liposomal DPP-ddG reduced serum WHV DNA by 23- to 46-fold at the end of the fourth week, while free ddG reduced serum WHV DNA by 2.2- to 10.4-fold. Treatment with small unilamellar liposomes containing DPP-ddG is substantially more effective than free ddG in reducing WHV-DNA levels in serum in WHV-infected woodchucks. The data suggest that the use of lipid prodrugs to target the liver may be useful in enhancing antiviral therapy of hepatitis.
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PMID:Liver-targeted antiviral nucleosides: enhanced antiviral activity of phosphatidyl-dideoxyguanosine versus dideoxyguanosine in woodchuck hepatitis virus infection in vivo. 862 Nov 75

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers, especially in Asia and Africa. The prognosis of HCC is very poor because of the high malignancy and the failure of early diagnosis which is mainly dependent on the late onset of clinical symptoms. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most commonly known risk factor for developing HCC. Mass screening and monitoring of general population or of high-risk population, by measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have been implemented in several countries. However, the use of AFP as a diagnostic marker for HCC is questionable due to its limited sensitivity and specificity. This article analyzed the serum level of AFP in 72 histopathologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma cases in Thailand. Elevation of serum AFP was detected in 75.6%, 88.9%, 79.2% and 80.0% of patients with HBsAg, anti-HCV antibody, HBV DNA, and HCV RNA, respectively. However, only 58.8% of HCC patients without any of the four markers had elevation of serum AFP. AFP is thus not a sensitive screening marker for HCC in general population, especially in those not associated with HBV or HCV. However, since elevated serum AFP was found in most patients with evidence of HBV or HCV infection, the monitoring of serum AFP level in those high-risk patients can be valuable for screening and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1995 Dec
PMID:Hepatitis B- and hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of alpha-fetoprotein as a diagnostic marker. 870 46

Aberrations of the p53 and Rb tumour suppressor genes were examined in 12 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-derived cell lines from different geographic areas and 9 local HCCs by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphisms (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing. The relationships between genetic changes and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration in samples were compared. None of the cell lines and tumours showed structural changes in the Rb gene, while 6 cell lines and 2 tumours had mutation or deletion in exons 5 to 8 of p53. Mutations include an AGG --> AGT (Arg --> Ser) transversion at codon 249 in PLC/PRF/5 and Mahlavu, an AAT --> AAA (Asn --> Cys) transversion at codon 200 in TONG/HCC, an AAG --> GAG (Lys --> Glu) transition at codon 139 in HCC-T, a CAT --> CGT (His --> Arg) transition at codon 214 in SC4, and a CCC --> CTC (Pro --> Leu) transition at codon 250 in SC8. In Huh4, an 18-bp deletion from codon 264 to 270 resulted in loss of Leu-Gly-Arg-Asn-Ser-Phe from the amino acid sequences 265 to 270, whereas Hep3B had a 7-kb deletion after exon 7 of p53. Our data indicate that whereas Rb may not have pleiotropic effects on HCC, p53 aberrations are frequently involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Further, HBV infection appears to be unrelated to the micro-genetic changes of p53. The G to T codon-249-mutation is consistent with HCCs arising from areas at high risk for both aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure and HBV infection.
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PMID:Tumour suppressor p53 and Rb genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma. 877 41

The percentage of lymphocyte subsets from the peripheral blood of healthy adults and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers were analyzed by flow cytometry. The five lymphocyte subsets studied were:- T (CD3) cells, B (CD19) cells, CD4 cells, CD8 cells, Natural Killer (CD3- CD16+/CD56+) cells (NK cells) and the CD4/CD8 ratio. The percentage (mean +/- SD) for the five lymphocyte subsets from the healthy adults were (67.5 +/- 8.5)%, (12.4 +/- 4.5)%, (35.5 +/- 7.8)%, (36.8 +/- 8.5)%, (17.9 +/- 8.1)% and 1.1 +/- 0.6, respectively. HBsAg carriers positive for HBV-DNA had a lower CD4/CD8 ratio than the healthy population (P = 0.030). The percentage of CD8 cells in HBsAg carriers increased significantly (r = 0.28; P = 0.019) with an increase in ALT levels but the values remained within normal range. The percentage of NK cells and CD4/CD8 ratio in HBsAg carriers positive for anti-HBe were higher than HBsAg carriers negative for anti-HBe (92% of which are HBeAg positive) (P = 0.045 and P = 0.035, respectively). The CD4/CD8 ratio in HBsAg carriers negative for anti-HBe (92% positive for HBeAg) was also lower than in the healthy population (P = 0.042). HBsAg carriers positive for HBV-DNA, HBeAg and raised ALT levels had a lower CD4/ CD8 ratio than did the healthy population. The lower ratio was due to an increase in the percentage of CD8 cells. This suggests an activated immune response triggered by the infection in an attempt to clear the virus. HBsAg carriers with normal ALT levels and who are negative for HBV-DNA may be in a state of tolerance.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1996 Jun
PMID:The cellular immune status of HBsAg-positive carriers in Malaysia. 898 Jul 96

A cross-sectional, sero-epidemiological survey of the prevalence of antibodies to TORCH agents during various stages of gestation revealed an overall rate of 13-15 percent having antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii; 85-87 percent, to rubella ; 79-81 percent, to herpes simplex virus (HSV); 100 percent, to cytomegalovirus (CMV); 82-86 percent, to human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6); 1-2 percent, to hepatitis C virus (HCV). None of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody was detected, and a prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 6 percent. Although a tendency was noted towards an increase of antibody detection to each TORCH agent as gestation progressed, a statistically significant increase in antibodies titer and specific IgM antibody was found with regard to CMV. These results suggest an increase in CMV infection or reactivation during pregnancy whereas an increase in the other TORCH infections was not obvious.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1997 Jun
PMID:Immune status in congenital infections by TORCH agents in pregnant Thais. 934 73


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