Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genetic factors are implicated in the response of normal subjects to hepatitis B vaccine. The aim of our study was to investigate if HLA Class I and II proteins could participate in a nonresponse to this vaccine in immunocompromised, namely hemodialyzed, patients. One hundred and seven hemodialyzed patients (68 men and 39 women, mean age 35 years) were vaccinated with Pasteur Hevac B vaccine, with a mean delay of 2 months following the onset of chronic hemodialysis. Patients were considered nonresponders when their serum antiHBs remained less than 10 mUI/ml on at least two occasions within the 12 months following the vaccination. HLA-A, B and DR antigens were determined by complement-dependent microlymphotoxicity. Ninety patients (84%) were responders and 17 (16%) nonresponders. The HLA-A1, B8 and DR3 frequency was higher in nonresponders (35, 35 and 44%, respectively) than in responders (18, 4 and 14%, respectively). The extended haplotype HLA-A1, B8, DR3 was more frequent in the former (19%) than in the latter (2%) (p less than 0.03). There was only one female within the nonresponders (6%) as compared to 37 (41%) in the responders (p less than 0.05). We conclude that genetic determinants (sex and HLA markers) play a critical role in the induction of an antiHBs immune response in both immunoincompetent hemodialyzed patients and normal immunocompetent hosts.
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PMID:Genetic basis of nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialyzed patients. 229 31

HLA-A,B,DR antigens of two groups, one of normal individuals (N- = 31) and another of CRF (Chronic Renal Failure) patients (K- = 37), who did not develop anti-HBs protective antibodies after Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, were compared, respectively, to the HLA antigens of two corresponding control groups (N+ = 52, K+ = 49), who responded to the vaccine. A statistically significant difference (Pc less than 0.02) in the frequency of HLA-DR3 was observed between responders and non-responders. An increased frequency of HLA-A1 and HLA-B8 in N- as well as of HLA-A1 and HLA-B35 in K- was also noticed, but this was not of statistical significance. As these antigens have been associated to both HBs antigenemia as well as chronic active hepatitis, we suggest that these genes or other genes in linkage to those may suppress the response to HBV vaccination while, in parallel, they may predispose to an autoimmune course of Hepatitis.
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PMID:HLA-associated non-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine. 234 53

HLA antigens, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated antigens and lymphocyte subsets in liver tissue from 35 patients with HBs antigenemia were studied using an immunoperoxidase double staining method and immunoelectron microscopy in order to clarify the immune mechanism of hepatocyte lysis in type B hepatitis. Immune light and electron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte subsets revealed that infiltrating lymphocytes in the areas of piecemeal necrosis and focal necrosis were predominantly CD8-positive, showing direct contact with hepatocytes. In contrast, CD4(+) cells were infrequently observed in necrotizing inflammatory lesions. HLA-A,B,C antigens were mainly found on hepatocytes in areas of piecemeal necrosis and focal necrosis, in association with CD8(+) lymphocyte infiltration. HLA-DR antigens were demonstrated on a few hepatocytes in the same lesions. In cases of CAH with serum HBeAg positive, HLA-A,B,C, antigens and HBV antigens simultaneously demonstrated on the same hepatocytes. Especially, hepatocytes expressing both HLA-A,B,C antigen and HBsAg on the plasma membrane showed direct contact with CD8(+)lymphocytes. This finding fulfilled the morphological requirements for HBsAg as a target antigen. On the other hand, HBcAg was hardly demonstrated in the liver cell membrane but was demonstrated mainly in the cytoplasm. Compared with the nuclear localization of HBcAg in cases of NSR, cytoplasmic localization of this antigen may be associated with membranous expression of new antigens induced by HBV infection.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical investigation of hepatitis B virus associated antigens, HLA antigens and lymphocyte subsets in type B chronic hepatitis. 240 98

In order to evaluate the role of histocompatibility antigen (HLA) class 1 antigens in the pathogenesis of liver cell necrosis, HLA class 1 antigens on hepatocytes were studied in the liver biopsy materials from 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method using a monoclonal antibody to human HLA-A, B, C (Cappel Laboratories). Both increased expression of HLA class 1 antigens on the hepatocytes and decreased distribution of intrahepatic hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) were observed in patients with an exacerbation of the inflammatory activity. These findings suggest that expression of HLA class 1 antigens on the hepatocytes may be increased when an exacerbation of inflammatory activity develops, and may be compatible with the concept that expression of these antigens plays and important role for the lysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected liver cells by cytotoxic T cells. Furthermore, in seven patients, expression of HLA class 1 antigens was studied in the liver before and after treatment with human lymphoblast interferon (IFN)-alpha, recombinant IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. Increased expression of HLA class 1 antigens was observed in patients with decreased intrahepatic HBcAg and DNA-P in sera after IFN treatment. These results also suggest that the increase of HLA class 1 antigens by IFN may be related to the immune mechanism for the effective elimination of HBV.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of HLA class 1 antigens on the hepatocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis B. 242 87

In order to detect a possible HLA linked genetic control of human immune responses to hepatitis B virus, forty healthy adult persons of the same age typed for HLA-A, -B and -DR antigens, were vaccinated against virus hepatitis B and sequentially tested for anti-HBs and anti-pre-S2 antibodies. They received three injections of Hevac-B Pasteur vaccine, the second 1 month and the third 3 months after the first. Following the third immunization, 38 individuals (95%) had a protective level of anti-HBs antibodies and 17 (42.3%) had a positive level of anti-pre-S2 antibodies. HLA-A11 antigen was significantly more frequent (pc = 0.007) among anti-HBs high responders than low responders. In addition, anti-HBs high responders were more frequently HLA-DR1, and less frequently HLA-DR4 and DR7 positive; corrected values, however, were not significant. Anti-pre-S2 high responders showed an apparent increase of HLA-B7, B14 or DR3 antigens, when compared to low responders (pc not significant).
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PMID:HLA linked immune response to S and pre-S2 gene products in hepatitis B vaccination. 247 13

To study the role of genetic factors in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases, HLA typing with 47 specificities of HLA-A, B, C and DR loci using Terasaki's 2-stage microlymphocytotoxicity method was performed in 253 normal subjects and 305 patients with various HBV-related liver diseases, including 95 healthy carries of HBV, 30 with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 74 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 51 with liver cirrhosis and 55 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The frequency of HLA-B17 was significantly higher in patients with HCC than in healthy carriers (27.3% vs 4.2%, Pc less than 0.01). A similar situation was noted for HLA-DR3 in a comparison of patients with CAH and healthy carriers (37% vs 10%, Pc less than 0.05). Comparisons among various groups involving other specificities were statistically nonsignificant. It is concluded that genetic predisposition to the development of CAH, as well as HCC is present in HBsAg carriers, and further clarification of underlying mechanisms is needed.
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PMID:HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens in chronic hepatitis B viral infection. 262 Sep 4

A unique kindred with an unusual high incidence of serological markers of past or present hepatitis B infection was studied. None of eight relatives had clinical or chemical evidence of hepatitis and all were negative for IgM anti-hepatitis A, but four sisters, each with at least one hepatitis B marker, had features of rheumatic disorders. The index patient had polyarteritis nodosa, two sisters had Raynaud's disease, and the fourth and unclassifiable non-inflammatory polyarthralgia. A daughter of one sister with Raynaud's developed the aortic arch syndrome. There was no segregation of HLA-A, -B and -C alleles with hepatitis B infection. The intrafamilial occurrence of B virus infection and multiple vasculopathies suggests a wider role of this virus in inflammatory vessel diseases.
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PMID:Multiple vasculopathies and hepatitis B in a family. 285 41

Twenty-eight health care workers who had a poor antibody response when initially vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine were revaccinated with three additional 20-microgram doses. Eight of the twenty nonresponders, who had levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) of less than 8 estimated radioimmunoassay (RIA) units, and all 8 of the hyporesponders, who had anti-HBs levels of 8 or 16 RIA units, attained anti-HBs levels of 36 RIA units or more after revaccination. Tests for HLA-A, B, C, and DR; for complement proteins C2, C4A, C4B, and BF; and for the erythrocyte enzyme glyoxalase I were done in 17 nonresponders and 3 hyporesponders. Nine (45%) had HLA-DR7 and 8 (40%) had HLA-DR3, compared with an expected rate of 23% in the general population. At least one of two extended haplotypes (B44, DR7, FC31 or B8, DR3, SCO1) were detected in 6 of the 9 who did not respond to revaccination, compared with 2 of 11 who responded to a second course of vaccine. Poor responders to vaccine may benefit from revaccination, and genetic factors may modulate the immune response to vaccination.
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PMID:Nonresponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine in health care workers. Results of revaccination and genetic typings. 294 2

In order to study the genetic risk of alcoholic cirrhosis, the frequency of 26 HLA-A and -B antigens was compared in 184 normal controls, 175 alcoholic cirrhotic patients and 83 alcoholic patients with hepatic steatosis of carefully selected ethnic origin. Eight HLA-DR antigens were also determined in 95 subjects of the normal control group and 63 patients of the alcoholic cirrhosis group. The incidence of hepatitis B virus antibodies (anti-HBc and anti-HBs) was defined in 74 patients of the alcoholic steatosis group, 170 patients of the alcoholic cirrhosis group and 111 normal controls different from the previously mentioned normal control group. The incidence and the titers of cytomegalovirus and rubella antibodies were also determined in 93 patients of the alcoholic cirrhosis group and the 111 normal controls. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were measured in the same 93 cirrhotic patients. Compared with the controls, the alcoholic cirrhosis group revealed a significantly higher frequency of HLA-B15 (21.7 vs. 9.8%, p less than 0.00025, corrected p less than 0.050) and HLA-DR4 (38.1 vs. 17.9%, p less than 0.005, corrected p less than 0.050) and a significantly lower frequency of HLA-B13 (2.9 vs. 11.4%, p less than 0.025, corrected p less than 0.050). As for the frequency of all other HLA antigens, there was no significant difference between the three groups (normal controls, alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic steatosis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationships between 34 HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens and three serological markers of viral infections in alcoholic cirrhosis. 301 32

Observations were made in a group of 120 patients with active chronic hepatitis (ACH), using demonstration of HBsAg presence, structural study of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell population by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and typing of HLA-A, B and C antigens. From the whole group 22 patients were proved to have an autoimmune form of ACH secondary to infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The authors consider that the diagnostic value of the ratio between B and T lymphocytes (studied by SEM) is relative but the demonstration of an increased percentage of monocytomacrophage cells and the presence of "killing phenomenon" clearly reflect a more severe hepatic inflammation. A higher incidence of the HLA-Bw35-Cw4 was observed particularly in the HBsAg positive forms of ACH and in the HBsAg positive secondary autoimmune forms. The authors discuss the utility of these observations when the opportunity of corticotherapy has to be established.
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PMID:HBsAg positive secondary autoimmune active chronic hepatitis. Immunogenetic aspects. 326 Oct 31


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