Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 'e antigen' (eAg) is specifically associated with hepatitis B virus infections and appears to be a marker for the infectivity and a prognostic indicator of the chronicity of liver disease. Therefore we examined by immunodiffusion the presence of eAg in the seum of HBsAg-positive patients on maintenance dialysis. The dialysis patients had a significantly higher incidence of positive eAg compared with a group of unselected HBsAg-positive patients without renal failure. In most of the dialysis patients the microscopic findings in the liver revealed only 'minimal changes'. Three eAg-positive patients received a renal transplant. Afterwards they displayed an appreciably increased eAg-yield on immunodiffusion and histology revealed chronic persistent hepatitis. It is assumed therefore that the immunodeficiency of patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis is possibly a supporting factor in the synthesis of eAg, and will perhaps induce a more subscute and prolonged course of hepatitis. The synthesis of eAg after renal transplantation may be enhanced by the additional immunosuppressive therapy.
Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1978
PMID:E antigen in the serum of HBs antigen-positive patients on maintenance dialysis and after transplantation. 36 77

1. Fifteen percent of the hemodialysis patients were carriers of HBsAg. 2. Thirty-one percent of the carriers' contacts had HBAb in their blood. 3. Spouse of carriers had a higher prevalence of positive HBAb than any other family contact. 4. Only 6 out of 17 patients transmitted the virus to their contacts. 5. None of the contacts of the staff, with history of hepatitis B, had evidence of hepatitis. 6. Contacts with positive HBAb had no evidence of active liver disease.
Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum
PMID:Nonpercutaneous transmission of hepatitis B to the families of hemodialysis patients. 102 90

We studied the response to vaccination against tetanus and the changes in the antibody titers 6 months after this vaccination in 66 haemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure. We also investigated the factors that may affect the quality of this immune response. After the booster injection 96.5% of patients had antitetanus antibody titres considered to be protective (0.06 HU/ml). However, the titre of these antibodies rapidly declined and after 6 months, only 62% of the haemodialysed patients had a titre greater than 0.06 HU/ml. Among the different factors considered, only age significantly impaired or reduced the immune response. In addition, the acquisition of protection against tetanus was independent of the response to vaccination against hepatitis B in the same subjects. This study showed the efficacy and safety of vaccination against tetanus in hemodialysed patients, though the antibody titres should be assayed several months after vaccination to confirm the persistence of immunization.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1992
PMID:Response to vaccination against tetanus in chronic haemodialysed patients. 131 23

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) seems to be the main causative agent of the parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis and the detection of anti-HCV may be a marker of ongoing infection with this virus. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of anti-HCV in 51 haemodialysis patients of our renal unit. In addition association of these antibodies to sex, history of blood transfusions, and duration on haemodialysis, as well as to serological markers of hepatitis B virus infection, was applied. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were used for the detection of all serological markers. Nine of the 51 (17.6%) haemodialysis patients had anti-HCV. The presence of anti-HCV was related to male sex. Although seropositive patients were transfused more often than seronegatives, this difference is not statistically significant. The presence of anti-HCV was associated with the duration of haemodialysis. The majority of anti-HCV patients had serological markers of previous HBV infection, in contrast to seronegative patients.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991
PMID:Antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in haemodialysis patients: association with hepatitis B serological markers. 171 91

This study reports clinical, serological and immunomorphological observations on viral hepatitis in 14 HBsAg-positive renal transplanted patients treated with cyclosporin and steroids. Eleven patients who were HBsAg positive before transplantation developed signs of hepatitis. This was due to HBV in six cases and progressed into a mild chronic disease. The remaining five subjects lacked signs of HBV reactivation. The hepatitis, attributed to non-A non-B agents, recovered completely. Two more patients became HBsAg positive after transplantation both developed acute hepatitis, respectively drug and HBV related. Transition into chronicity occurred only in the latter case. The results seem to indicate: (1) the possibility of a high incidence of non-B virus hepatitis in HBsAg-positive transplanted patients under cyclosporin treatment; (2) a good prognosis in non-B hepatitis as compared to hepatitis B for the same patient group; and (3) a mild degree of disease activity in cases who develop chronic hepatitis.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990
PMID:Viral hepatitis in HBsAg-positive renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin and steroids. 213 Mar

This paper summarises the information given on the 1986 EDTA Registry centre questionnaire which was returned by 82% of the 2,065 known dialysis and transplant centres in 33 European countries. Information is given on the number of patients alive on haemodialysis according to the type of dialysis facilities available where the patient was receiving dialysis and the number of patients receiving special types of dialysis. The centre questionnaire also included questions on testing for HIV infection, serological evidence or symptoms of AIDS and the diagnosis of hepatitis B in patients and staff. The data given in response to these questions are presented together with data on the involvement of dietitians and social workers in the treatment of patients with end stage renal failure. Finally, information on transplant activity in Europe and the treatment policies of transplanting centres is provided.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989
PMID:EDTA Registry centre survey, 1986. Report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry. 249 73

Eighty-two consecutive Caucasian adults (52 males, 30 females, aged 17-86 years) with membranous glomerulonephritis were prospectively evaluated for possible aetiological factors 1-4 weeks after renal biopsy. Presumed causes were identified in 17 patients (21%) as follows: drugs in five (D-penicillamine 3, captopril 1, fenoprofen 1); malignancy in four; chronic thyroiditis in three; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in two; secondary syphilis in one; hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in one and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in one patient. Except for age (patients with secondary membranous glomerulonephritis were older), clinical presentation and histological stage distribution did not differ between the secondary and the primary groups. Ten out of the 17 patients with secondary membranous glomerulonephritis (59%) achieved complete clinical remission within 12 months. The incidence of associated conditions in adults with membranous glomerulonephritis in this study corresponds with that reported in the few previous series. Although membranous glomerulonephritis is deemed to be idiopathic in most cases, it seems warranted to search for medication, malignancy, SLE, HBV infection, syphilis and thyroiditis as possible aetiological factors. Further evaluation should be orientated by the clinical context. An improved outcome of membranous glomerulonephritis may be expected insofar as the underlying condition is controlled.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989
PMID:Aetiology of membranous glomerulonephritis: a prospective study of 82 adult patients. 251 87

The incidence of hepatitis B infection among renal transplant recipients was reviewed. Among 90 patients, 13 were HBsAg positive prior to renal transplantation. Episodes of hepatic dysfunction were seen in eight and one died of fulminating hepatitis and disseminated tuberculosis. Silymarin, a herbal extract, appears to confer some benefits in ameliorating hepatic dysfunction. Antibodies to the delta agent were not detected during any of these episodes. One patient contracted hepatitis B after transplantation and rapid reduction in steroid dose was associated with deterioration of liver function. He developed antibodies and cleared the virus. Four HBsAg-negative patients received kidneys from HBsAg positive donors without becoming HBsAg positive.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989
PMID:Hepatitis B infection and renal transplantation: the absence of anti-delta antibodies and the possible beneficial effect of silymarin during acute episodes of hepatic dysfunction. 250 38

Twenty-one children and adolescent patients, 2-19 years of age, on renal replacement therapy were immunised at monthly intervals with three doses of 20 micrograms hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax B, Merck Sharp & Dohme). In the absence of seroconversion, vaccination was continued with monthly doses of 40 micrograms hepatitis B vaccine until antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen became positive. The rate of seroconversion increased from 33.3% (7 of 21) to 76.1% (16 of 21) and 85.6% (18 of 21) with three, four and five vaccine injections respectively. Three patients had no immune response despite six to seven vaccine dosages; they had previously received immunosuppressive therapy. Antibody titres measured 1 year after seroconversion were found to be within the protective range (85-2500 mIU/ml). These results show that the impaired immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in young dialysis patients can be overcome by increasing the number of injections and the dose of the vaccine. Protective antibody titres are maintained for at least 1 year after vaccination. Immunosuppressive therapy may interfere with the vaccine response.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989
PMID:Vaccination against hepatitis B in children and adolescent patients on dialysis. 252 85

Of several hundreds of millions of people infested with schistosomiasis, only a few hundreds have, so far, been documented to have one or other of the three schistosoma-associated immune-mediated glomerulopathies, namely proliferative glomerulonephritis, focal and segmental sclerosis, and amyloidosis. Regardless of undoubted under-reporting, some factors must be involved in the selection of those who develop such glomerulopathies. On the basis of experimental and clinical evidence, this review highlights the importance of parasitic species, associated salmonellosis, genetic predisposition and impaired hepatic macrophage activity. It also discusses the potential pathogenic role of the prevailing parasite 'strains', intensity of infestation, associated infections with hepatitis B, and common urinary pathogens and impairment of hepatocellular function. Selection ultimately seems to be multifactorial, but there is evidence that inefficiency of the hepatic macrophage system plays a key role by allowing both schistosomal antigens and IgA polymers to escape hepatic clearance and/or modulation.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1987
PMID:Schistosomal glomerulopathy: selection factors. 312 49


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