Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

HBsAg presence was studied by counterelectrophoresis (CEP) in 76 patients with liver cirrhosis and in 431 patients with diabetes mellitus. A striking correlation was found between high blood glucose values and HBsAg absence. Thus, HBsAg-negative cirrhotics (53%) had significantly higher levels of glycemia than the HBsAg-positive patients of the same age group, i.e. 95.75 +/- 6.36 ng/100 ml compared to 78.30 +/- 10.2/100 ml. This absence of HBsAg was also observed in all diabetics but one. As the incidence of HBsAg (CEP) was found to be of 3.63% in 253,460 subjects from different areas of Romania and 6.84% in 14,690 subjects with various non-hepatic diseases included, the chance of finding the 0.2% HBsAg incidence observed in the diabetics would be less than 0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively. The serum HBsAg absence in cirrhotics with high glycemia and in diabetics strongly incriminates the constant high concentrations of blood glucose as the main factor responsible for this negativity. The effect may be direct on virus replication, or indirect, by metabolically-induced hepatic dysfunction interfering with HBsAg secretion or excretion. The presence of high concentrations of glucose in cell culture media might explain the repeated failure of hepatitis B virus serial passage in tissue or organ culture.
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PMID:HBs antigen and blood glucose concentration. 737 1

Continuous cultivation of mouse-mouse hybridoma, T0405 cells producing an IgG monoclonal antibody (MAb) against hepatitis B surface antigen, was carried out in a membrane reactor with partial cell bleeding. By changing cell bleeding rate, viable cell concentrations were maintained at a high level in the range of 1.0 x 10(6) to 4.0 x 10(6) ml-1, which is difficult to attain in a conventional continuous culture. The characteristics of MAb production, and metabolism of glucose and glutamine at high cell density were investigated under steady state. This cell line's MAb production was found to be growth associated. The calculation of ammonia yield on glutamine showed that ammonia was mainly produced when glutamine was used for cell maintenance, while lactate yield on glucose used for cell growth was higher than that for cell maintenance.
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PMID:Kinetic study on HBs-MAb production in continuous cultivation. 776 56

We evaluated the dynamic response of renin, aldosterone, and vasopressin to intravenous water loading (20 ml 5% glucose/kg b.w.) in 12 children (aged 7-18 years) with postinflammatory liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. All of the patients had early-stage liver cirrhosis; according to Child's classification, nine patients had group A; three, group B cirrhosis. A group of 17 children with chronic persistent hepatitis served as the control. The diagnoses were confirmed in all of the patients by liver biopsy. The patients followed a diet containing 3 mmol NaCl/kg/day, maximum 100 mmol per day for 6 days. Water loading was performed in recumbency over approximately 45 min. Renin, aldosterone, and vasopressin, assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA), were determined before, 1 h, and 5 h after starting the water load. Prestudy hormone levels were within normal range in both groups. Renin and aldosterone concentration change patterns were similar in both groups and characterized by suppression of hormone activity caused by central volume expansion and recovery to prestudy levels after 5 h. However, the pattern of change of vasopressin concentrations differed in the control and study groups. In contrast to that of the controls, volume expansion did not suppress vasopressin in the group with liver cirrhosis. We conclude that failure to suppress vasopressin activity after central volume expansion may be one of the early mechanisms responsible for water-electrolyte imbalance in liver cirrhosis in children.
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PMID:The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasopressin in early-stage liver cirrhosis after HBV infection in children. 787 98

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4), found in liver, kidney, and intestine, is a potent transcriptional activator that controls the expression of a wide variety of genes, including those involved in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, glucose metabolism, urea biosynthesis, blood coagulation, hepatitis B infections, and liver differentiation. HNF-4 is also a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily and has been highly conserved throughout evolution, suggesting that it might respond to an as yet unidentified ligand. In this presentation, some of the current findings regarding the role of HNF-4 in liver-specific gene expression are reviewed.
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PMID:Orphan receptor HNF-4 and liver-specific gene expression. 803 8

Glucose intolerance is associated with chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, and overt diabetes mellitus is two to four times more common than in the general population. Little attention has been paid to the relationship between the cause of cirrhosis and the development of glucose intolerance or whether cirrhosis is a prerequisite. We found glucose intolerance to be particularly common in patients with chronic hepatitis C, and in this retrospective study we attempt to confirm this possible association. To investigate this question we reviewed the files of 128 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 40 with chronic hepatitis B and active liver disease. Demographic, laboratory, imaging and pathology data were abstracted. The mean fasting blood glucose (+/-SD) in the hepatitis C and B groups was 160 +/- 83 and 103 +/- 18 mg/dl (P < 0.0001) with 2.5% and 39.1% respectively being overtly diabetic (P < 0.00001). However, the mean age of the hepatitis C group was much higher (45.6 +/- 12.5 vs. 60.1 +/- 12.3 years, P < 0.00001). The prevalence of diabetes was much higher among the hepatitis C patients than in the general population. Cirrhosis was not more frequent in biopsies from hepatitis C diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic or hepatitis B patients. Multivariate analysis showed that type of hepatitis and age were significant and independent predictors for developing diabetes. We conclude that there appears to be an association between diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C that is not present in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus is associated with chronic hepatitis C but not chronic hepatitis B infection. 875 86

Porphyria cutanea tarda is the most common disorder of porphyrin metabolism in Europe and North America. The disorder is characterized by specific cutaneous lesions, associated systemic findings, and excessive accumulation and excretion of uroporphyrin and coproporphyrins. Reports of this condition associated with pregnancy are scarce in the literature. In this review, we present the case of a patient with porphyria cutanea tarda to illustrate the natural progression and complications of the disorder during pregnancy. Based in this report and a review of the published cases, pregnancy may exacerbate the cutaneous lesions of porphyria cutanea tarda during the first trimester. The incidence of diabetes, antinuclear antibodies, and hepatitis B and C are increased among them, making glucose tolerance and antibody testing mandatory. Newborns should be tested for the disorder during the neonatal period. Genetic counseling is advisable as well as teaching avoidance of provocative factors in affected children.
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PMID:Porphyria cutanea tarda and pregnancy. 883 16

Human intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) has been in use for the past 20 years. This biological product is commonly provided in liquid or lyophilized dosage form. When the lyophilized product is rehydrated, it is usually administered within 2-3 h from time of complete dissolution. While this practice is advisable whenever possible, occasionally the patient or care-giver may need to delay the infusion. Hence, a study of the stability of lyophilized IGIV after reconstitution with water for injection was conducted. The reconstituted product was stored either in its original glass container or pooled into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) bags. The effect of extended storage on the active ingredient (IgG), excipients (glucose, albumin) and extractables [sodium from glass vials, and di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate and cyclohexanone from PVC bags] was evaluated. The stability of the active ingredient was evaluated by physico-chemical tests (molecularsize distribution, pH, appearance, total protein), monitoring titres of a specific antibody (hepatitis B surface antigen) and an antibody functional test (bacterial opsonization). To evaluate the risk of microbial contamination during reconstitution and pooling procedures, sterility, pyrogen and animal-safety tests were included in the protocol. The potential of IgG polymerizing in solution during storage and subsequent complement activation was evaluated by assaying for non-specific binding of complement (anti-complement activity). Results show that aseptically reconstituted IGIV is stable and remains sterile up to 48 h at 5 degrees C. The reconstituted product was also found to be stable at room temperature (25 degrees C) up to 12 h.
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PMID:Stability assessment of lyophilized intravenous immunoglobulin after reconstitution in glass containers and poly(vinyl chloride) bags. 903 32

Fingerstick devices are widely used for capillary-blood sampling for glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes. In 1996, outbreaks of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurred among patients with diabetes in an Ohio nursing home and in a New York City hospital. In response to these outbreaks, nursing-home and hospital personnel, state and local public health officials, and CDC conducted epidemiologic investigations. This report summarizes the investigations, which suggest that, in both outbreaks, HBV transmission was associated with use of spring-loaded fingerstick devices on multiple patients.
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PMID:Nosocomial hepatitis B virus infection associated with reusable fingerstick blood sampling devices--Ohio and New York City, 1996. 908 74

Ambulatory management of multiple gestation requires careful and continuing care by the obstetrician. The initial evaluation should include a comprehensive history, including use of fertility enhancing drugs and ART, family history, social history; a general physical examination, including a pelvic examination; laboratory evaluation, including complete blood cell count, dipstick urinalysis for protein and glucose, urine culture, blood type, Rh factor and irregular blood antibody determination, serology for rubella, syphilis, hepatitis B surface antigen and varicella (if there is no history). A Papanicolaou smear should be done at the time of the pelvic examination, as should evaluation for bacterial vaginosis. Ultrasound assessment of placentation should be done at 14 weeks' gestation, but vaginal or perineal ultrasound of cervical length should be done at the initial visit. Other testing procedures should include repeat ultrasound evaluation for fetal growth every 4 weeks in a dichorionic placentation and every 3 weeks if monochorionic placentation is present. Triple screen MSAFP at 16-18 weeks' gestation and blood sugar screening at 22-26 weeks should be performed. After the first trimester, the patient should schedule physician visits every 2 weeks or less. Routine medications should include one prenatal vitamin per day, additional folic acid supplementation of 1.0 mg per fetus, supplemental iron preparation, and additional calcium to equal 1500 mg/day. The use of low-dose aspirin to prevent preeclampsia in twin gestations has not been adequately studied. Continuing vigilance by the knowledgeable obstetrician should occur. Multiple gestations should not be cared for by non-physician providers or by family physicians. Referral to a maternal-fetal medicine unit is recommended.
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PMID:Ambulatory management of multiple gestation. 974 54

To study the effects of three kinds of treatment: Zhuling polysaccharides combined with hepatitis B vaccine (group I), LAK cells, induced by interleukin-2 (IL-2) in vitro, transfusion therapy, (group II), bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) combined with persatin (group III) in chronic hepatitis B and the mechanism of their effects, we observed 286 patients with chronic hepatitis B, diagnosed according to the criteria made by The 6th National Meeting for Viral Hepatitis and Substantiated by the results of liver biopsy. The patients were divided into 3 treatment groups randomly, with interferon 3 MIU, thrice a week and 10% glucose 500 ml (i.v.) dripping everyday as two different control groups. The ALT recovery rates in group I, II, III were 64%, 35% and 57%, respectively. At the end of the treatment, the HBeAg and HBV DNA clearence rates in group I, II, III were 43% and 44%, 34% and 30%, 57% and 61%, respectively. After one year of follow up, the HBeAg and HBV DNA clearence rates in group I, II, III were 59%, 58%, 61% and 55%, 70%, 60%, respectively. The effects of these kinds of treatment were similar to these of interferon. We also injected Zhuling polysaccharides combined with hepatitis B vaccine, Zhuling polysaccharides alone and normal saline as control to DHBV vertical transmission duck. It was shown that serum DHBV DNA was cleared and the results were also proved by liver histologic change in the two treatment groups. According to these data, it is suggested that the three kinds of treatment for hepatitis B could restore the ALT level, suppress the replication of HBV and improve the liver histologic change. Their effects were similar to those of interferon.
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PMID:[A study on the effects of three kinds of treatment in chronic hepatitis B]. 1043 79


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