Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver specimens of 31 autopsied cases of liver cirrhosis who had had detectable levels of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) inthe serum were stained for hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) by the direct immunofluorescence method. Their premortem serum samples were tested for HBSAg, antibody to HBSAg (anti-HBS) and anti-HBC. Persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as judged by circulating and/or liver HB antigens was identified in 18 patients, and all of them revealed a high titer of anti-HBC ranging from 2(11) to 2(16) by the immune adherence hemagglutination method. In contrast, anti-HBC titer of the remaining 13 patients without detectable HB antigens was less than 2(9), and the geometric mean titer of anti-HBC of the patients with persistent HBV infection was significantly higher than that of the patients without (13.9+/-1.55 versus 7.23+/-1.30; t test, P less than 0.001). A combination of circulating anti-HBS and hepatic HB antigens was found in one patient, whose serum revealed an anti-HBC titer of 2(12). On the basis of these results, a high titer of anti-HBC in the serum (immune adherence hemagglutination titer of 2(11) or more) seems to be a reliable indicator of persistent HBV infection in the liver.
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PMID:Correlation between titer of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and presence of viral antigens in the liver. 33 Mar 6

Sera from patients with acute hepatitis, cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, as well as sera from healthy carriers and controls were examined for HBS antigen, DNA polymerase activity and for antibodies to HBS, HBC and DNA polymerase. The data presented suggest that in acute hepatitis the DNA polymerase test enabled us to diagnose at least 20% more cases of hepatitis B than with the RIA but that the DNA polymerase test is of little value for the screening of blood donors since all the healthy carriers gave negative results. As concerns the antibodies to DNA polymerase they appeared in at least 50% of the patients with acute hepatitis, they were transient and only detectable at the early beginning of the disease. These antibodies were also found to be different from the anti-HBS and anti-HBC antibodies.
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PMID:Transient antibodies to DNA polymerase in acute hepatitis B and related diseases. 96 84

One hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically HBsAg positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (HBs) and the core (HBc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis B virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (C) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human C. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that HBc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic HBSAg liver disease. C fixation by liver cells was shown in all HBC positive patients with chronic hepatitis; an active form was present in every case, except two with a persistent hepatitis, an inverse ratio of HBc to C binding fluorescence being noted between active chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic patients. HBc without C fixation was observed in only three patients in the incubation phase of infectious hepatitis. IgG deposits were often found in HBc containing, C fixing nuclei. No C binding or IgG deposits were observed in acute self-limited type B hepatitis, in serologically positive patients with normal liver or minimal histological lesions, with and without HBs cytoplasmic fluorescence in their biopsy, or in serologically negative individuals.
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PMID:Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. 100 73

Immune mechanisms in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were investigated in 16 persons with and without hepatitis using tests for HBS Ag, anti-HBS, anti-HBC and 125I-labeled HBS Ag binding lymphocytes (ABL) in peripheral blood. Anti-HBC, which is an evidence of a recent or current HBV infection, was detected in all HBS Ag positive sera. High counts of ABL correlated with the presence of anti-HBS in serum but not with anti-HBC or with HBS Ag. In patients with chronic hepatitis, and in asymptomatic carriers of HBS Ag, there was a trend towards low counts of ABL, which may represent partial tolerance ot HBS Ag in carriers of this particle. Further work on ABL for HBS Ag and HBC Ag should enhance our understnading of immunologic responses to the antigens of the hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:Immunologic mechanisms in hepatitis B assayed by antigen-binding lymphocytes. 123 66

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibodies to both the surface and core antigens of the hepatitis B virus (anti-HBS and anti-HBC) have been studied in 64 consecutive cases of fulminant hepatitis. HBSAg was detected by counterelectrophoresis in 23 (35-9%) but by radioimmunoassay in 38 (59-3%). Anti-HBS was detected by passive haemagglutination in 26 (40-6%), coexisting HBSAg and anti-HBS were found in 16 cases (25%). Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, anti-HBC was found in all of the cases in whom either HBSAg or anti-HBS was present. The highest survival rate was observed in patients with no evidence of HBV infection (31-3%) and was lowest in those who had both HBSAg and anti-HBS detected simultaneously (6-2%). The prognosis of those who exhibited anti-HBS only was no better than those with HBSAg alone. In a further case, transient interruption of the asymptomatic chronic HBSAg carrier state with seroconversion to anti-HBS was associated with the development of a fulminant hepatitis syndrome. The results suggest that an unusually strong and rapid immune clearance of HBSAg may be involved in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis.
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PMID:Hepatitis B antigen (HBSAg) and/or antibodies (anti-HBS and anti-HBC) in fulminant hepatitis: pathogenic and prognostic significance. 126 74

By means of an accurate immunoenzymatic assay, the prevalence was studied of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in three different populations: 74 patients affected with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on preexisting cirrhosis, 82 patients with liver cirrhosis but with no apparent neoplasm, and 70 control subjects, hospitalized for various conditions, of internal medicine or geriatric interest. 70.2% of HCC patients exhibited anti-HBC antibodies, versus 47.5% of cirrhotic subjects with no tumor and 7.1% of controls. Such results suggest the possible role of HCV in the etiopathogenesis of HCC, and its possible synergy with other agents-e.g., hepatitis B virus, alcohol--in causing chronically injured hepatocytes to become neoplastic.
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PMID:Anti-HCV antibodies and hepatocellular carcinoma. Relationship in a medium-risk population. 133 60

The present study was designed to assess the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among hospital employees, who often contract the infection before the beginning of their employment, and to suggest a prevention strategy. The study population consisted of 2518 subjects working or studying at the two Hadassah University hospitals, on Mount Scopus and at Ein Kerem in Jerusalem. The total prevalence for anti-HBc positivity as an indicator for past or present HBV infection was 17.6%. Several variables, including country of birth, age, and duration of employment significantly affected the rate of anti-HBc positivity. The highest rates for anti-HBc+ were found in personnel of selected departments such as haemodialysis (31.8%), haematology/oncology (28.3%), and the blood bank (24.0%), after adjustment for country of birth, age, and sex. Specific occupations in the hospital were associated with an increased rate of anti-HBc positivity. Thus the highest rate of HBV infection (after adjustment for country of birth, age, and sex) was shown for housekeepers (32.4%) and departmental secretaries (23.6%), who take care of waste products containing blood, or who transfer vials containing blood to the hospital laboratories. By comparison, anti-HBc was positive in 17.2% of nurses, 15.6% of physicians, and only 7.8% of administrative clerks. Israel is a country of immigration, and anti-HBc rates were four times higher in employees born in countries where HBV is more endemic--for example, in north Africa and Mediterranean countries--than in employees born in western Europe or the United States. However, rate of anti-HBc + increased significantly with age as well as duration of employment in the hospital, irrespective of country of birth. These data indicate that although HBV infection often occurs in Israel before commencement of employment in the hospital, hospital employees are at significant risk for contracting HBV infection during their professional lifetime regardless of where they were born. Moreover, paramedical personnel such as housekeepers and departmental secretaries are in the highest risk group for contracting HBV. Finally, as a result of the high background of anti-HBC positivity in selected ethnic groups, mandatory screening for anti-HBc before employment in medical institutions in Israel is recommended for them, then active vaccination against HBV for employees at risk. Employees who immigrated from western Europe and the United States should be immunised without pre-vaccination screening for HBV.
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PMID:Occupational and non-occupational hepatitis B virus infection among hospital employees in Jerusalem: a basis for immunisation strategy. 139 Feb 67

The seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections were prospectively assessed in 356 heterosexuals with STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) and compared to a control group of 381 healthy first-time blood donors. Eighty-one of 356 STD patients were anti-HBC positive (22.8%) compared to 14/381 blood donors (3.8%; p less than 0.001). In addition, 18 of the 81 anti-HBC positive STD patients, but none of the controls, were positive for HBSAg (p = 0.06). The prevalence for anti-HCV was also significantly higher in the STD group than in the controls (5.3% vs. 0.5%; p less than 0.001). Among the various STDs syphilis (anti-HBC: 67.5%; anti-HCV: 12.5%) and Chlamydia trachomatis infections (anti-HBc: 20.2%, anti-HCV: 8.1%) had the highest prevalence for both infections. This study provides strong evidence of heterosexual transmission of hepatitis B and C virus infections. Thus, heterosexuals with STDs or multiple partners should be actively vaccinated against hepatitis B.
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PMID:Hepatitis B and C in heterosexual patients with various sexually transmitted diseases. 164 86

The prevalence of serum markers of the hepatitis B virus was studied in 139 patients, 88 men and 51 women, at the Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Department at the University Hospital in Brazzaville (Congo). The findings show that 125 individuals (89%), 79 men and 46 women, show signs of infection. Only 14 patients, 9 men and 5 women, show no hepatitis B virus markers. 64 individuals (46%) are carriers of Ag HBS, and among these, 23 (35.9%) are carriers of Ag HBe. Ac anti HBC was found 116 times (83.4%): 12 times by itself, and 16 times in association with Ac anti HBS. 43 individuals (30.9 %) are carriers of Ac anti HBS. Such high frequency of Ac anti HBS, whether or not accompanied by Ac anti HBC, argues in favor of the age of the infection. The study points out the high frequency of hepatitis B virus markers (89.8 %) compared with blood donors (7 to 9 %). This should incite government officials to set up some preventive procedures.
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PMID:[Serological markers of hepatitis B virus in hospitalized patients (Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Service of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville - Congo )]. 207 56

Two clones of the hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line transfected with complete hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) were studied. The kinetics and cytopathic effect of HBV Ag production in these two clones (one of which was an HBV producer) were compared to those of the parent HepG2 cell line. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBe Ag) was determined by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A hepatitis B core antigen (HBc Ag)-specific ELISA assay was developed, using monoclonal anti-HBc to detect HBc Ag. Amounts of HBs, HBe, and HBC Ags were partially quantified in both intracellular and extracellular compartments. The HBV producer clone excreted high levels of HBc, HBe, and HBs Ags from the beginning of the growth phase, and no cytopathic effect was observed. The HBV nonproducer clone produced high levels of HBs and HBe Ags, but there was no detectable HBc Ag in the supernatant; instead, HBc Ag accumulated in the intracellular compartment. In this clone, significant cell death was observed 4 days after cell confluency, corresponding with notable HBc Ag release into the supernatant. These results suggest a cytopathic effect associated with HBc Ag accumulation in the HBV nonproducer clone, but no cytopathic effect in the HBV producer clone. This suggests that virological factors as well as the host's immune response may be considered in explaining liver injury occurring in hepatitis B.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc Ag) accumulation in an HBV nonproducer clone of HepG2-transfected cells is associated with cytopathic effect. 217 Dec 1


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