Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

N-alpha-Cocoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester, DL-pyroglutamic acid salt (CAE), exhibited a strong inactivating effect on hepatitis B surface antigen. Concentrations of CAE required for 50 and 100% inactivation of the antigen were 0.01 to 0.025% and 0.025 to 0.05% respectively. CAE completely inactivated hepatitis B surface antigen at the lowest concentration compared with various compounds including about 500 amino acid derivatives, sodium hypochlorite, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, and some detergents. Furthermore, CAE inactivated vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus, and influenza virus, whereas poliovirus was not inactivated at all. The results suggest that the inactivating effects of CAE are related to interaction with lipid-containing viral envelopes.
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PMID:N-alpha-Cocoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester, DL-pyroglutamic acid salt, as an inactivator of hepatitis B surface antigen. 22 95

The iatrogenic transmission of hepatitis B virus by inadequately sterilized acupuncture needles recently has been reported. Because some licensed chiropractors use acupuncture as a therapeutic modality, we have evaluated sterilization methods for these needles, which would be adaptable for use in a chiropractic office. Dry heat, boiling water, pressurized steam, sodium hypochlorite, and 70% alcohol were compared with a glass bead dry heat sterilizer originally developed for dental instruments. Presterilized acupuncture needles were contaminated with Bacillus stearothermophilus, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus epidermidis and sterilized for intervals ranging from 5 sec to 30 min. The needles were then cultured to determine the efficacy of the sterilization regimen. Seventy percent alcohol was ineffective as a sterilization method. In terms of both time and convenience, the glass bead apparatus was the most efficient of the remaining methods tested. B. stearothermophilus-contaminated acupuncture needles were sterilized within 10 sec of exposure to preheated glass beads. Less than 10 sec exposure killed E. coli and S. epidermidis. A significant advantage of the glass bead sterilizer over the other methods was the absence of physical damage to the needles.
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PMID:Efficacy of various methods of sterilization of acupuncture needles. 329 Mar 76

The potential of alkaline 2% glutaraldehyde solutions, with and without surface active agents, to alter the antigenicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was analyzed and compared to the antigenic alternation capacities of 0.525% sodium hypochlorite and 2.02% formaldehyde solutions. After treatment of a hepatitis B surface antigen-positive plasma at room temperature for 10 min, there was a 51-67% reduction in surface antigen level and a 90-94% decrease in hepatitis B core antigenicity. Glutaraldehyde is proposed as an alternative to the more noxious hypochlorite and formaldehyde solutions for disinfection of HBV-contaminated articles.
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PMID:Effect of alkaline glutaraldehyde on hepatitis B virus antigens. 641 9

The effects of heat, sodium hypochlorite, diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol on the activity of DNA polymerase (DNA-P) associated with hepatitis B virsus (HBV) in serum were evaluated. The response of DNA-P to heating at 60 degrees C for 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes was studied and the data suggested that there may be two types of DNA-P. The majority of DNA-P was type 'a', and it showed a one log reduction (D60) at 60 degrees C in 36 minutes, while the remaining activity was type 'b' that showed a one log reduction (D60) in 340 minutes. Treatment of DNA-P with sodium hypochlorite at concentrations of 250 and 500 parts per million (ppm) of available chlorine resulted in a 20 to 25% reduction in DNA-P activity within one minute. Complete loss in detectable DNA-P activity occurred within one minute when available Cl- was 2500 ppm or greater. Various concentrations of ethyl alcohol (ranging from 10 to 70%) caused gradually increasing inactivation of DNA-P activity in ten minutes at 4 degrees C. Ninety percent inactivation occurred with 60% alcohol. Overnight treatment of DNA-P-reactive material with diethyl ether at 4 degrees C led to loss of detectable activity. A reduction in the titer of HBsAg was found following treatment with alcohol or ether. The possible use of DNA-P assay as an indicator of the rate of inactivation of HBV is proposed.
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PMID:Inactivation of DNA-polymerase associated with hepatitis B virus. 714 78

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was examined as an effective disinfectant in hepatitis laboratories. Concentrations of NaOCl containing 5,600 ppm (5,600 microgram/ml) of available chlorine were found to be effective in destroying the antigenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in virion-rich plasma after an exposure time of 1 min or more. In the treatment of protein-deficient solutions containing HBsAg, smaller concentrations of available chlorine (less than 500 pm) are equally effective. Neither 17-to 25-nm HBsAg particles nor 45-nm virion particles could be detected by electron microscopy after treatment. chemical interaction of protein and NaOCl was confirmed by isoelectrofocusing of 125I-labeled HBsAg. More than 90% of the labeled material was found at pH 3.0 or lower, indicating complete antigen oxidation. Labeled HBsAg was reduced in density from 1.21 g/cm3 in CsCl to approximately 1.07 g/cm3 after treatment with NaOCl. Both hepatitis B core antigen and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity were significantly reduced after interaction with hypochlorite solutions. These results show that NaOCl destroys hepatitis B antigenicity and virus structures and therefore may be utilized as a disinfectant for the virus.
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PMID:Immunological and biophysical alteration of hepatitis B virus antigens by sodium hypochlorite disinfection. 731 5

The susceptibility of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) to the virucidal effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) was compared to hepatitis B virus (HBV) with the aim of using the duck as a model for studying HBV disinfection. Using viral DNA polymerase (DNAP) as a target, inhibition of DNAP activity by chlorine disinfectants was found to be concentration-dependent but independent of contact time. Two minute exposure of minimal effective concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (domestic bleach: 3600 ppm and industrial bleach: 3180 ppm) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (3000 ppm available chlorine) to DHBV- and HBV-rich plasma totally inhibited DNA polymerase activity. DHBV particles in DHBV-carrier duck plasma (10(4.5) ID50/mL) were treated with these concentrations and inoculated intravenously into 18 one-day old ducklings (six animals/disinfectant). Analysis of plasma (0, 7 and 14 days post-infection) and post-mortem liver (14 days post-infection) by DNA hybridization techniques showed that DHBV DNA was undetectable in samples from all animals inoculated with disinfected virus particles. However, post-inoculation plasma and liver of 18 of 18 control ducklings inoculated with untreated virions were positive for DHBV DNA. These results show for the first time that total inhibition in vitro of hepadnavirus DNA polymerase activity by chemical disinfectants is predictive of inactivation of infectivity in vivo.
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PMID:Chemical disinfection of duck hepatitis B virus: a model for inactivation of infectivity of hepatitis B virus. 822 34

Because of the difficulties of the chimpanzee model and the genetic differences using the duck model, we developed a cell culture method to measure human hepatitis B virus (HBV) inactivation in vitro. Pooled HBV-infected human plasma that had been exposed to a disinfectant was left in contact for three days with a cell culture of the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, with 4% polyethyleneglycol and 3 mM sodium butyrate. The mean log10 of the viral titre of unexposed plasma was 4.87 infectious units per mL. Our results showed that 1% glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite at 4700 ppm free chlorine and an iodophor-detergent disinfectant containing 3.6% povidone-iodine reduced viral titres by factors exceeding 10(3)-10(4). However, sodium hypochlorite at 1000 ppm free chlorine had minimal activity and povidone-iodine at 9, 5 and 3.6% had no measurable activity (less than 10-fold reduction). This is the first study using a cell culture model to assess disinfectant activity against HBV. It demonstrates more rapidly than the chimpanzee model that glutaraldehyde and sodium hypochlorite, using standard concentrations and exposure times compatible with clinical practice, were highly active against HBV. However, unexpectedly for an enveloped virus, we found no antiviral activity for iodine in the absence of detergent.
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PMID:Inactivation of hepatitis B virus in plasma by hospital in-use chemical disinfectants assessed by a modified HepG2 cell culture. 1128 71

Hepatitis B e antigen-positive human serum was treated with 50-90% ethanol at room temperature for 1-60 min, then the antigenicity of S antigen (hepatitis B surface antigen, in a narrow sense) was determined by radioimmunoassay and the antigenicities of pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens were measured by enzyme immunoassay. In addition, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the treated serum was detected by polymerase chain reaction. All antigenicities markedly decreased within 60 min at an ethanol concentration of 70-80%, and the decrease was faster in pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens than in S antigen. Although HBV DNA remained in all ethanol-treated serum samples, no HBV DNA was detected after treatment with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min. Based on the results, we speculate that one mechanism of loss of HBV infectivity by ethanol is the inhibition of virus binding to hepatocytes.
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PMID:Effect of ethanol on antigenicity of hepatitis B virus envelope proteins. 1240 8