Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We constructed a plasmid, pBH103-ME5, in which the region encoding the 10 preS2 amino acid residues and the S domain of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were regulated by the promoter of the yeast repressible acid phosphatase gene. Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying pBH103-ME5 produced the HBs antigen (yHBsAg), when it was cultured in a medium containing a low concentration of phosphate. The antigen was purified to homogeneity. Its molecular weight was determined by Western blotting to be 24,000, and its amino acid composition agreed well with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The C-terminal amino acid sequence of yHBsAg was exactly the same as that predicted from the nucleotide sequence, while the N-terminal amino acid acetylserine, which was followed by 8 amino acid residues coded by the preS2 region. These results indicate that the recombinant yeast produced a single polypeptide consisting of the preS2 region and the subsequent S domain after being processed at the N-terminus.
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PMID:Expression of the hepatitis B surface antigen gene containing the preS2 region in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 206 91

A total of 102 children aged 5 to 14 years with virus hepatitis B were examined for the status of the mononuclear phagocytic system in accordance with the absolute monocyte count in the circulating blood, esterase and acid phosphatase activity in the monocytes, for function of organ macrophages of the liver and spleen using dynamic scintigraphy with TC-colloid and for macrophages of the skin by the "skin window" method. The rise of the absolute count and lowering of the functional and metabolic activity of blood monocytes were directly proportional to the gravity of virus hepatitis B. The changes persisted for a long time, namely up to 1.5 to 3 months since the disease onset. There was a progressive drop of the functional activity of Kupffer cells in the liver with a maximum decrease seen within 4 to 6 weeks since the disease onset, followed by returning to normal in cyclic disease and preservation of the changes in lingering and chronic virus hepatitis B. Spleen macrophages play an active compensatory role, maintaining normal "purifying" function of the mononuclear phagocytic system. That compensatory response tension appeared high in lingering and especially in chronic virus hepatitis and may serve as a criterion for process chronicity. The changes in the mononuclear phagocytic system observed in cyclic course of mild and medium-gravity virus hepatitis B may be regarded as normal adaptive reaction and do not require any drug correction. The latter one may only be indicated in patients with grave, lingering or chronic disease patterns associated with break down or depletion of the adaptive mechanisms of the system in question.
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PMID:[Functional-metabolic activity of the mononuclear phagocyte system of the blood, liver, spleen and skin in children with hepatitis B]. 225 75

Two recombinant plasmids were constructed that allow expression of the hepatitis B core (HBc) antigen gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the repressible acid phosphatase promoter. One plasmid was designed to produce polypeptide I, which consists of 183 amino acids, and the other plasmid was designed to produce polypeptide II, which has an additional 29-amino-acid sequence at the amino terminus of polypeptide I. The viral genome may code for either one or both of these two polypeptides, depending upon the selection of initiation codons. Both polypeptides produced in yeast cells reacted with anti-HBc antibody and were assembled into spherical particles approximately 27 nm in diameter. Particles made of polypeptide I were stable, whereas those made of polypeptide II readily dissociated when exposed to high salt levels. The antigenicity of the HBc (as defined by its reactivity to anti-HBc antibody in the reversed passive hemagglutination assay) disappeared as the particle dissociated, leaving materials that sedimented slowly and that reacted to anti-hepatitis B e antibody. These observations strongly suggest that native viral cores are mostly (if not all) made of polypeptide I, because it is reasonably stable, and that the N-terminal portion of this polypeptide has some, but not a profound, influence on the assembly of polypeptides into particles.
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PMID:Expression of hepatitis B virus core antigen gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: synthesis of two polypeptides translated from different initiation codons. 352 12

Recombinant plasmids have been constructed containing the complete HBsAg gene combined with the promotor region of the yeast gene of acid phosphatase. The plasmids are capable of replication in E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. In cultivation of yeast cells containing these plasmids in a synthetic medium with a low phosphorus content a protein is synthesized possessing the properties of hepatitis B virus surface antigen.
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PMID:[Expression of the HBsAg gene of the hepatitis B virus under the control of the promoter region of gene PH05 in yeast cells]. 390 41

A biotin-labeled DNA probe was compared to a 32P radio-labeled DNA probe for the detection of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. Serum specimens were treated with proteolytic enzyme and detergent. DNA was extracted using phenol, denatured in sodium hydroxide and applied to a nitrocellulose filter paper using a vacuum filter device. The nitrocellulose filters were then incubated with either the biotin-labeled or the radio-labeled probe. Annealing of the probe, indicating the presence of HBV-DNA in the sample, was detected either by autoradiography for the 32P-labeled probe or by measuring the presence of an acid phosphatase attached to a streptavidin molecule for the biotin-labeled probe. Using the same 2-day time to complete the assays, excellent correlation of the qualitative and semiquantitative measurements were obtained using 20 HBsAg-positive and 9 HBsAg-negative sera. The nonisotopic assay detected 1.0 pg of HBV-DNA, a sensitivity comparable to reported sensitivities of 32P-labeled HBV-DNA probes when similar assay times are used. 0.02 pg/microliter of HBV-DNA was detected in a normal serum to which HBV-DNA in a recombinant plasmid was added. Our results indicate that the biotin-labeled HBV-DNA probe is approximately as sensitive as the radio-labeled probe for the detection of HBV-DNA using a similar assay time. Isotopic probe assays are more sensitive with longer assay times. The biotin-labeled probe offers the advantage of a longer shelf life and a nonisotopic assay procedure.
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PMID:Comparison of radio-labeled DNA probe with a nonisotopic probe for assay of serum hepatitis B virus DNA. 401 26

An enzyme histochemical study was performed to investigate abnormal enzyme activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, by application of these staining reactions to noncancerous liver disorders, to clarify the true nature of putative percancerous lesions. The enzyme activity of hepatocytes in cirrhotic livers, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive cells, and dysplastic liver cells was investigated. Although the tumor cells in HCC gave an intensively positive reaction for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity at the cytoplasm and the whole-cell membrane, they were essentially deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase activities. Cirrhotic liver showed loss of the orderly zonal difference of enzyme activity that is present in normal liver. However, a pattern of enzyme deviation similar to that of HCC was not recognized anywhere. Neither HBV-positive hepatocytes nor dysplastic liver cells were shown enzymatically to be direct precusors of HCC.
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PMID:Human hepatocellular carcinoma and putative precancerous disorders: their enzyme histochemical study. 611 3

The most distinctive property of aldehyde fuchsin is its staining of certain nonionic proteins and peptides in unoxidized cells and tissues. These substances include granules of pancreatic islet B cells, elastic fibers and hepatitis B surface antigen. Aldehyde fuchsin made from two different basic fuchsins, each certified by the Biological Stain Commission and labelled C.I. (Colour Index) No. 42500 (pararosanilin), did not stain pancreatic B cells at all. Stain Commission's records and retesting showed that each of the "faulty" basic fuchsins was not pararosanilin, but rosanilin, whose Colour Index number is 42510. These basic fuchsins were labelled with the wrong Colour Index number when packaged. Additional basic fuchsins were coded by V.M.E. and tested by R.W.M. for their capacity to make satisfactory aldehyde fuchsins. Only certain of these aldehyde fuchsins stained unoxidized pancreatic islet B cells. The same aldehyde fuchsins stained elastic fibers strongly. Each basic fuchsin whose aldehyde fuchsin was judged satisfactory proved to be pararosanilin. Aldehyde fuchsin solutions made from other basic fuchsins stained elastic fibers only weakly and did not stain pancreatic B cells at all in unoxidized sections. Each basic fuchsin whose aldehyde fuchsin was unsatisfactory proved to be rosanilin. It appears that only aldehyde fuchsin made from pararosanilin stains unoxidized pancreatic B cell granules dependably. We found that basic fuchsins from additional lots of Commission-certified pararosanilin and rosanilin were also labelled with incorrect Colour Index numbers when packaged. Steps were taken to prevent recurrences of such mislabelling which has made it difficult until now to correlate differences in the properties of pararosanilin and rosanilin. A table is provided of all basic fuchsins that have been certified by the Biological Stain Commission since 1963 when they began the practice of subdesignating basic fuchsins according to whether they are pararosanilins or nonpararosanilins. The consumer can readily determine from the certification number on the label the correct subdesignation of any Commission-certified basic fuchsin listed here. Until now, mislabelling of some lots of pararosanilin as rosanilin and vice-versa has confused and frustrated the users of basic fuchsins in other applications such as the carbol fuchsin staining of tubercle bacilli and certain cytochemical tests, e.g. esterase and acid phosphatase, that utilize hexazotized pararosanilin as a coupling reagent. Consumers experiencing trouble with any Commission-certified dye should look to the Biological Stain Commission for help. This is an important reason for purchasing, whenever possible, only Biological Stain Commission certified dyes.
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PMID:Only aldehyde fuchsin made from pararosanilin stains pancreatic B cell granules and elastic fibers in unoxidized microsections: problems caused by mislabelling of certain basic fuchsins. 615 31

The DNA sequence coding for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was placed under control of the repressible acid phosphatase promoter of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a plasmid capable of autonomous replication in both yeast and Escherichia coli. Yeast transformed by this plasmid synthesized up to 5 X 10(5) molecules per cell of immunologically active HBsAg polypeptide in phosphate-free medium. The HBsAg polypeptides produced in the yeast cells were assembled into 20- to 22-nm spherical or oval particles and were immunogenic.
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PMID:Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen gene in yeast. 633 69

Antibodies to the ubiquitous group of stress proteins known as heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been found to be associated with a number of diseases in humans. Hsps are known to be induced by certain xenobiotics, some of which are common in the working environment. The biological significance of the presence of such autoantibodies is presently unclear. In the present study, we used immunoblotting to investigate the presence of antibodies against the different stress proteins, Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp71, Hsc (heat shock cognate) 73 and Hsp89 alpha and beta in groups of workers exposed to high temperature or carbon monoxide. These data were related to a detailed clinical evaluation and to various laboratory measurements including electrocardiogram (ECG), B echogram, white blood cell counts and typing, the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lymphocyte DNA damage. Antibodies to Hsp27 and Hsp71 were found more frequently in the high temperature and carbon monoxide-exposed groups than in controls (P < 0.05). The carbon monoxide-exposed group showed the highest incidence of anti-Hsp antibodies. Anti-Hsp60 antibodies were only detected in workers exposed to high temperature or carbon monoxide. The percentage of workers with abnormal ECG, B echogram changes and displaying hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) was higher in the carbon monoxide group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the activity of ALT in the high temperature and carbon monoxide groups and in the activities of ACP and ALP in the carbon monoxide group (P < 0.05). The extent of DNA damage measured in lymphocytes was higher in workers from the high temperature and carbon monoxide-exposed groups. We suggest that the increased frequency of antibodies to Hsps is the result of these damages of the release of denatured Hsps and of a decrease in the phagocytic ability of macrophages in these workers. The data gathered in the present study show a statistical relation between the occurrence of antibodies against Hsps and the frequency of health problems in workers and suggest a potential role for the antibodies as useful biomarkers to assess whether workers are experiencing environmental stress.
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PMID:Presence of antibodies to heat stress proteins and its possible significance in workers exposed to high temperature and carbon monoxide. 898 5

Fascioliasis is a cause of hepatic disease. Hepatitis B and C viruses are important causative factors in chronic liver disease. In this study, the frequency of hepatitis B (HBV) and/or hepatitis C (HCV) in cases of chronic human fascioliasis is studied. Egg count, indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT), haemoglobin level, total leucocyte and eosinophil counts, serum bilirubin, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) are performed. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), arylsulphatase (ASA) and lipid peroxide levels are determined. Results showed that levels of the latter group of enzymes were increased significantly in cases of chronic fascioliasis. Therefore, determination of GGT, ASA and lipid peroxide should be added to the list of liver function test used to diagnose this disease. Hepatitis B was not detected in any of the 27 chronic fascioliasis patients studied, while HCV was found in only two (7%) cases. However, greater disturbance of biochemical parameters was seen in patients with combined fascioliasis and HCV infection.
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PMID:Human chronic fascioliasis: a possible cause of unexplained abnormal liver tests. 1564 15


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