Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cohort of 8436 men in Taiwan was recruited with personal interview and blood sample collection between 1984 and 1986. During the 5-year follow-up period, 50 incident cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were identified. Retinol levels were measured for 35 HCC patients whose serum samples were available and 140 matched controls randomly selected from cohort members without HCC. Lower vegetable intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC after adjustment for other HCC risk factors (P = 0.006). The effect of low vegetable intake on HCC risk was limited to hepatitis B virus chronic carriers and cigarette smokers. As compared with subjects who had a weekly vegetable consumption frequency of six or more meals, the multivariate-adjusted relative risk of HCC for subjects who had a frequency of less than six meals was 4.7 (95% confidence interval, 2.0-11.1; P = 0.0004) among chronic hepatitis B virus carriers and 3.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-8.5; P = 0.001) among cigarette smokers. There was an inverse dose-response relationship between the prediagnostic serum retinol level and the development of HCC (trend test, P = 0.003). The odds ratio of HCC for men with a retinol level in the lowest tertile was 9.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.1-39.1) compared with those with a level in the highest tertile. The relation remained after multivariate adjustment for cigarette smoking, habitual alcohol drinking, and either the seropositivity of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and/or anti-hepatitis C virus antibody or the past history of liver diseases through conditional logistic regression analysis. The association was more striking for men 55 years or younger and for those who smoked 10 or more cigarettes/day. There was a significant synergistic effect of hepatitis B virus surface antigen carrier status and low serum retinol level on the development of HCC. These data suggest a potential role of retinol in the chemoprevention of HCC.
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PMID:Vegetable consumption, serum retinol level, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. 788 26

Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) DNA adduct has been used as a biomarker in epidemiological studies. However, the determinants for urinary 8-OHdG have not been clearly identified. We tested urinary 8-OHdG levels in 205 male workers who had been exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). Epidemiological information was obtained by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) were also determined by immunoassay. Plasma antioxidants including Vitamins A and E, alpha- and beta-carotenes were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. Median of urinary 8-OHdG level was 9.8 ng/mg creatinine (range, 1.4-60.1). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that alcohol drinkers had higher urinary 8-OHdG than those who did not, but there was no dose-response between the amount of alcohol consumption and urinary 8-OHdG. Workers with positive HBsAg, anti-HCV and elevated plasma Vitamin A level were independently associated with higher levels of urinary 8-OHdG, whereas age, smoking, body mass index, plasma alpha- and beta-carotenes, Vitamin E levels, or VCM exposure did not show such an association. The results suggest that active inflammation of hepatitis B and C, alcohol consumption and higher Vitamin A level can induce oxidative stress. Thus, we conclude that potential determinants need to be considered in epidemiological studies when urinary 8-OHdG is used as a biomarker.
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PMID:Association of hepatitis virus infection, alcohol consumption and plasma vitamin A levels with urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in chemical workers. 1258 36

Vitamin A supplementation reduces child mortality and severe morbidity in less developed countries, and the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) offers an ideal opportunity to deliver supplements in developing countries. High-dose vitamin A supplementation has been shown to have no effect on the immunogenicity of oral polio vaccine, tetanus toxoid, pertussis, or on measles vaccine given at 9 mo, but a negative effect on measles vaccine administered at 6 mo and a potentiating effect on diphtheria vaccine. Its effect on the antibody response to hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens has not yet been established. To assess these effects, the present trial was carried out in the Offinso district of Ghana; 1077 infants were enrolled shortly after birth and randomized either to receive or not to receive 15 mg retinol equivalent with vitamin A together with the pentavalent "diphtheria-polio-tetanus-Haemophilus influenzae b-hepatitis B" vaccine at 6, 10, and 14 wk of age. All mothers received a postpartum supplement of 120 mg retinol equivalent vitamin A as per national policy. Blood samples were taken from infants at 6 and 18 wk of age. The results are based on 888 infants (82.4%) who completed the trial. The vitamin A supplementation did not affect the immune response to Haemophilus influenzae type b, but there was a significant improvement in the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine (93.9 vs. 90.2%, P = 0.04). However, given the high percentage of infants with seroprotection in the control group, it is doubtful that inclusion of vitamin A in the EPI would be justified on these grounds alone.
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PMID:Vitamin A supplementation enhances infants' immune responses to hepatitis B vaccine but does not affect responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. 1744 92

Vaccines are usually assessed by analyses of their safety and immunogenicity to determine the effectiveness of eliciting antibody responses against target organisms. However, it is equally important to establish antibody affinity because of its specific role in protection from infection. Antibody affinity can be determined by comparisons of various antibody concentrations in dose-response curves. During a study on the immunogenicity of a pentavalent vaccine in 888 infants, antibody affinity analyses of the hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b components were investigated in infants given 15mg RE vitamin A with their vaccination and those who were not given vitamin A. In this paper we present the results of 222 infants; a 25% sub-sample of the original study. Analyses were carried out using dilutions of serum samples from fitted values corresponding to optical densities from antibody detection assays. These were obtained from the ligand binding equation and mid point titres in dose-response curves were then calculated. Vitamin A supplementation had no effect on the midpoint titres of Hepatitis B and H. influenzae type b vaccine derived antibodies. The significant effect of vitamin A supplementation on the Hepatitis B vaccine component observed in a previous seroprotection analysis is probably due to the amount of antibodies since affinity was unaffected.
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PMID:Seroprotection associated with infant vitamin A supplementation given with vaccines is not related to antibody affinity to Hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. 2048 61