Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case history of a 26 year old woman describes the occurrence of a primary cholangiocarcinoma in the woman's liver during her 1st pregnancy with no signs of skeletal metastasis. During the previous 8 years, she had taken oral contraceptives (Microgynon 50). The case was successfully treated with chemotherapy (treatment with APD) and surgical removal of the tumor. It was considered highly unusual since malignant tumors of the liver occur seldom in the West, and very seldom among young people. Most patients are over 50; the illness strikes nearly twice as often in men as women. A tumor occurs in a cirrhotic liver in about 75% of cases; and, indications reveal that persistent hepatitis B plays a role in the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. The patient did not fit into any of the those categories. The patient's initial complaints occurred during her pregnancy. Previous medical literature has described patients with a malignant tumor of the liver during pregnany, and since 1970, many articles have shown a relationship between hepatic dysfunctions in women and the use of oral contraceptives. The benign dysfunctions usually involved liver cell edema and focalized nodular hyperplasia. Malignant liver tumors in such patients have been less frequently described in the literature; thus, their relationship with the use of oral contraceptives is less certain. Artlcles have appeared, however, indicating a connection between liver malignancy and the use of sex hormones. There are also indications that humoral hypercalcemia is a frequent finding in primary liver cancer.
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PMID:[A young woman with a liver tumor and hypercalcemia]. 302 Apr 47

9-(beta-D-1,3-Dioxolan-4-yl)guanine (DXG) exhibits potent antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro. However, since DXG possesses limited aqueous solubility, a more water soluble prodrug of DXG, 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2-aminopurine (APD), was synthesized. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of APD and its antiviral metabolite DXG in mice. Female NIH-Swiss mice were administered 100 mg/kg APD intravenously or orally. Serum, brain and liver were collected at selected times following prodrug administration and concentrations of APD and DXG were determined by HPLC. APD was efficiently converted to parent nucleoside DXG following both intravenous and oral administration. Biotransformation of APD to DXG likely occurs in the liver and is mediated by xanthine oxidase. Similar pharmacokinetic profiles for DXG were observed following either route of administration in serum, liver and brain. These results demonstrate that APD appears to be a promising prodrug for the delivery of DXG.
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PMID:Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of prodrug 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2-aminopurine and its antiviral metabolite 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine in mice. 929 58