Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serial serum samples obtained from 27 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in a variety of etiology were tested for anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) with uses of two different assay systems. The incidence of anti-HCV in patients with FHF due to hepatitis B (Ortho test system; 7/11, 63.6%: Abbott test system; 9/11, 81.8%) was found to be significantly higher than that in acute HBV hepatitis (Ortho test system; 0/17, 0%) (P less than 0.001). In particular, all 3 post-transfusion HBV-FHF patients were positive for the antibody using both Ortho and Abbott test systems, and cut-off index in those patients was serially increased. On the other hand, cut-off index in anti-HCV positive patients with sporadic hepatitis A virus (HAV)- and HBV-FHF was high even prior to plasma exchange therapy, and gradually decreased. These results strongly suggest that in patients with post-transfusion HBV-FHF, HCV was superinfected over HBV and in the sporadic HAV- and HBV-FHF patients, HAV or HBV were co-infected over HCV carrier. In any events, co-infection and/or superinfection of HCV may play an important role in the development of this fatal disease.
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PMID:Detection of anti-hepatitis C virus antibody in fulminant hepatic failure. 190 70

A study among heterosexual men and women with multiple sexual partners was carried out to assess the seroprevalence of antibody against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The 468 participants were recruited among visitors to the Clinic for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Amsterdam. Sera were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Ortho), a recombinant-based immunoblot assay (RIBA; Chiron), and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 468 persons were tested, and seven (1.5%) were found ELISA positive. Another 25 (5%) were ELISA indeterminate. Six of the seven ELISA-positive cases were RIBA positive. Further serum samples from five HCV ELISA-positive persons were tested by PCR, and four were found to be positive. The HCV ELISA-positive/RIBA-indeterminate reaction was PCR negative. None of the 17 RIBA-tested sera of the ELISA-indeterminate group yielded a positive result. There was a good correlation between an ELISA optical density/cut-off ratio greater than 2 and a positive RIBA result. The risk factor for HCV appeared to be the type of sexual partner, i.e., belonging to a "high-risk" group for human immunodeficiency virus infection and origin from hepatitis B-endemic countries. It is concluded that HCV may be transmitted through heterosexual contact but probably with low efficiency.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infections among heterosexuals with multiple partners. 194 Aug 79

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with long-term hemodialysis (HD) in Japan was assessed using an Ortho HCV Antibody ELISA TEST system. Out of 51 patients, 48 of whom had a history of blood transfusions, 15 (29%) were positive for anti-HCV. This figure is much higher than that in other countries (1-20%), and the difference may reflect a select population. Six (33%) of 18 HD patients with chronic hepatic disease were anti-HCV positive. On the other hand, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers was 39% (20/51), and 7 (35%) of these 20 with HBV markers were also positive for HCV. The prevalence of anti-HCV showed no relation to the duration of HD treatment. Although a correlation between the prevalence and the blood units transfused was not demonstrated, anti-HCV positive patients had received blood transfusions amounting to significantly more units than those given to negative patients. Anti-HCV was detected in approximately one-third of patients with long-term HD, indicating a lower prevalence of HCV infection as compared to that of HBV infection, and patients with hepatitis of type C accounted for about one-third of HD patients with chronic hepatic disease.
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PMID:Prevalence of anti-HCV in patients on long-term hemodialysis. 211 44

The prevalence of hepatitis C infection was evaluated (Ortho HCV Antibody ELISA Test) in 64 patients with chronic renal failure treated in a single hemodialysis unit. None of these patients was a carrier of hepatitis B virus nor of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus. Antibodies against hepatitis C virus were detected in 11 patients (17%). The prevalence was higher in the 13 previously diagnosed of non A, non B hepatitis (77%) than in the 51 without previous hepatitis (2%) (p less than 0.001). A relationship between the infection rate and the number of previous blood transfusions was also observed: 5% in the patients without previous transfusions, 13% in the 30 patients who had received between 1 and 10 blood units and 40% in the 15 who had received more than 10 blood units (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that the hepatitis C virus may be responsible for most episodes previously diagnosed as non A, non B hepatitis, and that blood transfusions are the major risk factor.
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PMID:[Hepatitis C virus infection in patients treated with hemodialysis]. 212 6

Antibodies against a possible causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis, hepatitis C virus (HCV), in Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system from Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Japan. Fifty of 58 cases of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hepatocellular carcinoma were positive for the antibody (86%) and 8 of 42 cases of HBsAg-positive hepatocellular carcinoma were positive (19%). Among patients with HBsAg-negative hepatocellular carcinoma, the prevalence of the antibody was greater among those who had received a blood transfusion (97%) than among those with no history of transfusion (70%). Only 3 of 54 patients with cancers other than hepatocellular carcinoma were found to be antibody-positive (5.6%) and all three patients had a history of blood transfusion. These results show a close relationship between the presence of anti-HCV antibody and HBsAg-negative hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibody against non-A, non-B hepatitis virus in Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 216 69

Unlike the proven causal association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and hepatic cell adenoma, the link between OCs and hepatocellular carcinoma remains speculative. The case history of a 53-year-old US woman suggests, however, that hepatic cell adenomas may transform into hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient, who had used Ovral continuously since 1966, presented in 1985 with vague abdominal pain and a palpable right upper quadrant mass. Computed tomography revealed a 12 x 8 cm mass in the right hepatic lobe and 2 small lesions in the left lobe. Serum alpha-fetoprotein and ferritin levels were normal and tests for hepatitis B were negative. A needle biopsy of the right lobe mass indicated benign hepatic adenoma. OC use was discontinued and the patient was examined at bimonthly intervals. Although she continued to report vague pain, there were no significant changes in radiologic findings or levels of alpha-fetoprotein over the next 18 months. At the 18-month follow-up visit, the alpha-fetoprotein level showed an increase to 227 mcg/L and had risen to 2300 mcg/L by the 30-month follow-up visit. At this time, computed tomography showed slight enlargement of the right lobe mass and inhomogeneity, while biopsy revealed sclerosing hepatocellular carcinoma. This is the 3rd case reported in the literature in which there is evidence of a transformation of hepatic cell adenomas into hepatocellular carcinoma in longterm OC users. Thus, the premalignant potential of hepatic cell carcinomas in OC users should be considered by physicians who follow such cases.
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PMID:Transformation of hepatic cell adenoma to hepatocellular carcinoma due to oral contraceptive use. 253 93

A 21-year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of epigastric pain, and for 3 months she had noticed a mass in the right hypochondrium. She had taken 'Norinyl-1' (norethisterone 1 mg and mestranol 50 mcg) for 5 years. She smoked 20 cigarettes a day but drank little alcohol. Physical examination revealed irregular hard hepatomegaly 10 cm below the right costal margin. Hepatitis B surface antigen was not detected in the serum and alpha fetoprotein levels were normal ( 10 M.R.C. units). A liver scan showed a large space-occupying lesion in the right lobe of the liver, and liver biopsy revealed a cholangicarcinoma with striking fibrous reaction. Multiple shadows consistent with metastases were present on chest X-ray, but no bony deposits were found on radiological skeletal survey or bone scan. The serum calcium was persistently high (2.74-2.92 mmol/l) but fell on prednisolone therapy. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were normal. A causal relation between oral contraceptives and hepatic adenoma is now generally accepted, and several patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have also been reported. We have been able to find only 1 previous report of cholangiocarcinoma in a young female taking oral contraceptives, and there is 1 report of this tumor in a man taking high doses of anabolic steroids for refractory anemia. This tumor has its peak incidence in the 6th decade and is very rare in the 3rd decade. The association with hypercalcemia due to pseudohyperparathyroidism is well recognized. In only some cases are parathyroid hormone levels raised, and the cause of the pseudohypercalcemia in our patient is unknown.
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PMID:Cholangiocarcinoma and oral contraceptives. 610 61

The present study was designed to investigate the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated risk factors among Egyptian military recruits. The impact of HCV infection on liver function was also assessed. The sera of 726 military recruits were tested for HCV antibodies using second generation ELISA technique (Ortho). The overall prevalence was 330.4%. Considering the presence of hepatitis B and/or schistosomiasis infection, HCV antibodies were detected in 30.0% of HBsAg carriers, 36.8% of bilharzial patients and 48.8% of those with concomitant infections. Among individuals without schistosomiasis or HBV infection, the rate decreased to 22.5% positive with HCV. The present study indicated that parenteral exposure to the virus might be the most important route for acquiring infection, while blood transfusion had a very minor role. The study of the impact of HCV on liver functions revealed that a single infection with HCV only was associated with almost normal liver function tests. However, infection with more than one hepatitis virus revealed a greater impact on the liver function. Morbidity also increased when schistosomiasis infection was superimposed.
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PMID:Prevalence, impact and risk factors of hepatitis C infection. 750 49

Clinical resolution of acute hepatitis C occurs in a limited proportion of cases. However, the rate of hepatitis C virus persistence remains unclear. For this purpose, we conducted a serial study of 60 patients with hepatitis C virus infection from the early stage of the disease for 24 to 80 months (average 50 months). Fourteen cases who recovered from acute hepatitis were selected from this group for prospective analysis of the behavior of liver enzymes, anti-HCV antibodies (RIBA II, Ortho Diagnostic System) and hepatitis C virus-RNA in serum and in peripheral blood lympho-mononuclear cells by nested polymerase chain reaction. Primers were derived from the 5'-untranslated region of the hepatitis C virus genome and the amplified products were detected by gel electrophoresis and a DNA enzyme immunoassay. All patients except two showed early recovery from acute hepatitis that occurred within 3 months from clinical onset. Transaminase normalization was always preceded by clearance of serum hepatitis C virus-RNA, which remained negative throughout follow-up. During the resolution phase of the disease a progressive decline in the antibody response was observed in most of the patients. At the end of the study anti-C100 was negative in half the cases, while anti-C33 and anti-C22 became negative or borderline in five cases. Hepatitis C virus-RNA was found in the peripheral blood lympho-mononuclear cells, but not in the serum, of only one of eight patients tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus viremia following clinical resolution of acute hepatitis C. 752 Sep 23

The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies and of hepatitis B markers (HBs antigen, anti-hepatitis B core antigen) was assessed in 63 haemodialysis patients from the Tunisian Sahel. As measured by second generation ELISA assays (Ortho and Organon), the frequency of anti-HCV antibodies was 42% (27/63), while 4 patients (6.3%) were HBs Ag positive and 30 (47.6%) anti-HBc positive. Anti-HCV seropositivity was significantly correlated with duration of dialysis (p = 0.007) and number of blood transfusions (> 10 units, p = 0.0004). Among 12 subjects with a history of abnormal ALAT levels, 10 were anti-HCV positive (p = 0.0016) and the results suggest hepatitis C viral infection to be the main cause of liver disease in haemodialysis patients in Tunisia.
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PMID:Seropositivity to hepatitis C virus in Tunisian haemodialysis patients. 753 98


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