Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Invasive fungal infections, especially those caused by Candida albicans, and recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after transplantation are common complications in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients. Candida species account for >50% of all invasive fungal infections, which occur in 10%--15% of OLT recipients. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of invasive fungal infections are unique to each type of organism. Fluconazole is effective and safe in the prevention of Candida infection after OLT. Preventive measures against Aspergillus or Cryptococcus remain ill defined. Both HBV and HCV recur almost universally after OLT in infected individuals. The natural course of HBV and HCV, leading to end-stage liver damage, is accelerated. In OLT patients, administration of immunoglobulin with high titers against HBV, alone and/or in combination with lamivudine, immediately after transplantation reduces the recurrence of HBV. The combination of interferon and ribavirin is mildly effective in OLT patients who have evidence of recurrent hepatitis, and additional alternatives are being evaluated.
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PMID:Prevention of fungal and hepatitis virus infections in liver transplantation. 1138 22

Cryptococcosis is a rare infection with high mortality in patients who have undergone heart transplantation (HT). In this study, we report four cases of the disease selected from our 328 HT cases (1.22%) between 1987 and 2007. The purpose of this study was to review risk factors for cryptococcosis after HT. Three of the four patients were men. The mean time from HT to diagnosis was 8.5 months (range, 3-17 months). Cryptococcosis was subcutaneous in one patient, systemic in one, and meningeal in two. One patient died. The Antifungal regimens included intravenous amphotericin B (amBisone) and oral fluconazole (Diflucan). Patients with diabetes mellitus or renal insufficiency, are hepatitis B carriers, have undergone repeat HT, or are receivings steroid therapy are susceptible to cryptococcosis. The recommend anticryptococcal therapy is amphotericin B, followed by oral fluconazole for at least 6 months. Early diagnosis with aggressive diagnostic techniques and a combination of therapies must be considered to reduce the risk of death in HT recipients with cryptococcosis.
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PMID:Review of risk factors in four cases of cryptococcosis after heart transplantation. 1892 17