UMLS:C0019163 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Target Concepts:

Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Donated blood is currently screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis. A prospective study of 2368 blood donors was carried out in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) with a view to determining the risk factors associated with serologic abnormalities. Blood donors included in the study had to complete a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed on the data thus obtained: 571 donations (24%) were positive for at least one of the four analyzed markers. The results were that 3.2 percent were positive for HBsAg, 22 percent for anti-HBc, and 0.8 percent for anti-HCV, and 1.4 percent had ALT > or = 45 IU per L. A good correlation was found between anti-HCV and elevated ALT. Transfusion history and two socioeconomic categories (working class, military personnel) were found to be risk factors. Other risk factors were lifelong residence in Guadeloupe (with risk increasing with the number of years), birthplace and current residence in the southern part of the island, and the existence of gastrointestinal discomfort unrelated to viral hepatitis (odds ratio = 2.98). The results of this study illustrate the difficulty of implementing a preventive policy against posttransfusion hepatitis in a tropical area. The unique epidemiologic situation of Guadeloupe as regards hepatitis B virus has led to more restrictive criteria for the acceptance of blood donors.
...
PMID:Risk factors associated with hepatitis B or C markers or elevated alanine aminotransferase level among blood donors on a tropical island: the Guadeloupe experience. 141 85

For hospital personnel, transmission of virus is a common and serious occupational hazard. Other than suffering from physical discomfort, these infected hospital staffs may also transmit the disease to patients through their blood, mucous or secretion contamination. The purpose of this study is intended to understand the condition of hepatitis B virus infection between anesthetists and hospital administration staffs. Forty-six anesthetists (study group) and 90 hospital administration staffs (control group) were volunteers of the study. Blood samples for serologic and biochemical test of hepatitis B virus infection in each participant were proceeded from October to December 1990. To investigate personal recognition about hepatitis B infection, each was requested to fill up a questionnaire after blood sampling. We also retrieved the chart of all participators for their annual hepatitis B serologic result in order to find out the incidence of seroconversion. Among the 136 participators, 20 (14.7%) were HbsAg carriers. Only 28 (20.6%) of all the participators were free from infection and seronegative. However, it was found that there was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) between the two groups, no matter in HbsAg positive or seronegative incidence. There was 10 (1.27%) incidence of seroconversion during 790 times of person-year observation. Though not significant (P less than 0.05), there was a double fold (2.2 times) seroconversion rate in the study group than that of the control group. Twenty (19.9%) seropositive participators knew that they are hepatitis B carrier or had been infected. Generally, anesthetists seemed better than hospital administration staffs in realizing that they were infected or carrier from the data of serological test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:[Seroepidemiological analysis of hepatitis B virus infection between anesthesia personnel and hospital administration staffs in Changhua Christian Hospital]. 152 3

The aim of the study was to examine the frequency, severity, persistence and etiology of relapses occurring during the hepatitis A viral infection. Therefore, a prospective study of 910 patients suffering from hepatitis A (HA) was carried out. The clinical examination and determination of glutamyl pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the serum every 7-14 days till recovery (usually during 6--8 months) were performed. HAV infection was confirmed by detecting anti-HAV IgM in the blood of all the examined by radioimmunoassay. In 876 (93.3%) patients HA had typical clinical features and a monophasic course. All cases made a rapid clinical recovery and liver function tests improved strikingly between 1 and 4 months after the onset of illness. However, in 34 (3.7%) of 910 patients, after an asymptomatic interval of 4--8 weeks, relapsing hepatitis occurred. Mild clinical symptoms: fatigue, myalgia, nausea, epigastric discomfort accompanied by the elevated levels of GPT in the serum were noticed in 11 patients, while 3 of them redeveloped jaundice. In 23 remaining patients relapses of hepatitis were asymptomatic, except for the reappearance of icterus in six cases. The only way to establish the exacerbation of the disease was through the pathological findings of GPT in the serum, which increased 10--60 times above the upper limit of the normal value. While 25 patients had one relapse, in 9 there were two or more relapses, so that hepatitis had a biphasic or polyphasic course. The second relapse was registered 3--6 weeks after the first one disappeared. Through biochemical tests the average values of the GPT were established: 1566 U/L in the acute stage, 107 U/L during the early stage of convalescence and 1016 U/L during the first relapse of hepatitis. After the first relapse and during remission, in 9 patients the average values of GPT in the serum were 84 U/L, while during the second relapse 518 U/L. Clinical signs of relapsing hepatitis disappeared approximately in 4 days, but liver function tests decreased slowly and persisted elevated between 5 and 12 months. A possibility of establishing the etiology of relapsing hepatitis, which has yet remained unknown, is discussed. Anti-HAV IgM were present in all 34 patients during the initial and relapsing phase of hepatitis and in 26 cases in the latter phase of convalescence between 9 and 11 months after the beginning of the disease. Serological tests excluded infection with hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. With a great probability other infections and toxic agents damaging the liver could have been excluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
...
PMID:[Recurrences of viral hepatitis A]. 207 29

With screening of the blood supply and effective heat and chemical treatment of blood product derivatives, the overwhelming majority of newly acquired adult HIV infections will result from consensual acts, through the exchange of blood or sexual secretions. Societal relaxation about discussion of sex, death, homosexuality, drugs, and abortion is essential to prevent further deaths. Careful partner selection, use of condoms in conjunction with nonoxynol-9 (a viricidal spermicide), and selected confidential HIV antibody testing could help decrease the number of infected persons. Efforts directed toward IV drug users to decrease initiation of drugs, make drug treatment more accessible, provide simple techniques for cleaning needles such as a quick rinsing with bleach and water, and emphasizing the risks of sharing needles could decrease the exponential rise of HIV infection in IV drug users. A substantial percentage of women infected with both HIV and hepatitis B are unaware of their infection. Information, counseling, and antibody testing of men and women prenatally with informed options could reduce infection in children. Health care providers must work through their own valid issues of fear and possible discomfort with various lifestyles to function effectively in the health professions.
...
PMID:Prevention of HIV transmission. 306 May 18

The safety and immunogenicity of adw and ayw hepatitis B vaccines were compared in a double-blind randomized trial in Green Air Force recruits. One hundred and ten out of 240 eligible nonimmune recruits were randomly selected and allocated to the two vaccine treatment groups. Two 20-micrograms doses 1 month apart and a third 20-micrograms booster dose, at 6 months, were given intramuscularly. Severe local or general side effects were not observed. The frequency of mild side effects (local discomfort or pain, fever less than 37.5 degrees C, and malaise) was slightly higher than the adw than with the ayw vaccine. Antibodies developed earlier and in higher titers in adw vaccines. However, after the booster dose all ayw and all but one adw vaccines developed anti-HBs in almost similar titers. It is concluded that both vaccines are equally safe and immunogenic after administration of two doses at a 1-month interval followed by a booster dose at 6 months.
...
PMID:Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of ADW and AYW hepatitis B vaccines. 704 81

Screening for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV and ALAT levels is now performed on donated blood to prevent post-transfusion hepatitis. A prospective study of 2,368 blood donors was performed in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) to determine risk factors associated with serologic abnormalities: 571 donations (24%) were positive for at least 1 of the 4 analyzed markers with 3.2% positive for HBsAg, 22% for anti-HBc, 0.8% for anti-HCV and 1.4% with ALAT > or = 45 IU/L. The anti-HCV prevalence was significantly different according to ALAT levels (P < 10(-4)). Transfusion history and work status (worker or serviceman) were found to be risk factors, with an odds ratio of 1.94 for serviceman population. Other unexpected risk factors were: number of years residency in Guadeloupe (progressively increased risk with the number of years), birthplace and residence in southern part of the island as well as the existence of gastrointestinal discomfort unrelated to viral hepatitis (odds ratio = 2.91). The results of this study show a unique epidemiologic situation for hepatitis B virus in Guadeloupe necessitating careful selection of blood donors.
...
PMID:A unique seroepidemiologic situation for hepatitis B markers in Guadeloupe. Results of a prospective study in blood donors. 833 Jun 94

We administered a combined preparation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine (meningococcal protein conjugate) to 20 healthy adult volunteers. Participants received two doses of vaccine one month apart, and had serum samples drawn each time they received the vaccine and 1 month after the second dose. In 18 of 19 persons who were positive for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), these levels had a median fold increase of 23.4 (range 0.69 to 270) 1 month after the first dose of vaccine. Anti-HBs levels generally fell slightly one month after the second dose was given. All of the study participants initially had detectable levels of antibody to Hib capsular polysaccharide (anti-PRP), and 19 of the 20 exhibited a median fold increase of 11.2 (range 0.81 to 740) in anti-PRP 1 month after vaccination. Over half (65%) continued to demonstrate increased levels of anti-PRP with the second dose of vaccine. Most participants experienced some slight to moderate discomfort at the injection site. The results indicate that the combined Hib/HBV vaccine produces increased antibody levels in healthy adults who have previously been exposed to these two antigens.
...
PMID:Safety and immunogenicity of a combined hepatitis B virus-Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine formulation in healthy adults. 839 80

It has recently been shown that thymosin-alpha1(T-alpha1), a synthetic polypeptide of thymic origin, is able to promote disease remission and inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in patients affected by hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic active hepatitis. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of T-alpha1 treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) and HBV-DNA-positive chronic hepatitis. Thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to receive either T-alpha1 900 microg/m2 body surface area twice weekly (17 patients) or 5 MU of interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) three times weekly (16 patients) for 6 months. At baseline, both groups were comparable concerning age, sex, liver histology, and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. At the end of treatment, complete response (defined as ALT normalization and HBV-DNA loss) occurred in 5 of 17 (29.4%) in the T-alpha1 group and in 7 of 16 (43.8%) in the IFN-alpha group (P = not significant). After a follow-up period of 6 months, a complete response was observed in 7 of 17 (41.2%) in the T-alpha1 group and in 4 of 16 (25%) in the IFN-alpha group (P = n.s.). Compared with the results observed in a group of 15 patients never treated with IFN-alpha and followed for 12 months, the rate of complete response was significantly higher in the IFN-alpha group at the end of therapy (1 of 15 vs. 7 of 16, respectively; P < .05) and in the T-alpha1 group at the end of follow-up (1 of 15 vs. 7 of 17, respectively; P < .05). Unlike IFN-alpha, T-alpha1 was well tolerated by all patients. The only side effect, reported by some, was local discomfort at injection sites. The results of this trial suggest that T-alpha1 is able to reduce HBV replication in patients affected by anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis. Furthermore, compared with IFN-alpha, T-alpha1 is better tolerated and seems to induce a gradual and more sustained ALT normalization and HBV-DNA loss. In conclusion, T-alpha1 appears to be a safe and effective alternative treatment for anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis. The benefit of this agent in producing long-term inhibition of HBV replication must be confirmed by future trials.
...
PMID:A randomized controlled trial of thymosin-alpha1 versus interferon alfa treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen antibody--and hepatitis B virus DNA--positive chronic hepatitis B. 885 75

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs more frequently in subsaharan Africa and the Orient than in other geographical regions, but remains an uncommon tumour of childhood. We review six children with HCC (mean age 13 years) treated by the paediatric oncology unit at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town over an 8-year period (1983 - 1990). Patients presented with epigastric and right upper quadrant discomfort and hepatomegaly. The hepatitis B serum antigen (HbsAg) was positive in three patients; serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were markedly elevated in three (range 100 - 453,000 microg/l). Age and sex did not differ significantly and all patients initially had irresectable advanced-stage tumours. Morphologically, three were highly malignant adult-type pleomorphic HCCs, two were differentiated tumours, and one a fibrolamellar subtype. The mean 2-year survival was 33% and the 5-year survival 16.6%. The biological behaviour and response to treatment of the tumours varied. Whereas three patients had a poor response to therapy, two with poorly-differentiated tumours, negative HbsAg, and normal serum AFP levels responded to doxorubicin/cisplatinum chemotherapy. This facilitated radical surgical excision. One patient of this group has survived for more than 75 months following surgical resection and remains well. HCC remains an uncommon tumour of childhood with a high mortality. Aggressive chemotherapeutic regimes in combination with surgical resection may lead to improved survival in some cases. Prevention of hepatitis B remains a priority.
...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in children. 909 43

The immunogenicity of the HbOC, a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine, was evaluated in a randomized clinical trial of Arab children resident in Tripoli. The HbOC vaccine was given as part of a three-dose series at 2, 3 and 4 months of age together with hepatitis B, OPV and DPT to 90 children. Anti-H. influenzae antibody levels were compared with 81 infants receiving hepatitis B, OPV and DPT but not the HbOC vaccine. The immunogenicity and safety of HbOC was as high as that observed in industrialised countries. There were no major complications, and fever and temporary local discomfort were observed in fewer than approximately 2% of the infants. Infants receiving the HbOC vaccine had an increase in Hib antibodies with only one dose. Geometric mean anti-Hib antibody levels were 0.41, 1.36 and 2.91 mg/ml after one, two and three doses. After two doses, all children had antibody levels above 0.20 mg/ml and the lowest antibody concentration was 0.80 mg/ml. Antibody levels in our children are similar to those observed in Europe and the USA and it is thus likely that HbOC will provide good clinical protection in this population. As most of the children develop antibody titres above or near 1 mg/ml, it is likely that they are protected even with two doses of the vaccine. The anti-Hib antibody levels observed are similar to those in studies from Europe where hepatitis B vaccine is not routinely given.
...
PMID:Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae-diphtheria CRM197 protein conjugate vaccine (HbOC) in Libyan infants. 953 70

1 2 3 Next >>