Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and four healthy, hepatitis B virus (HBV) seronegative males were enrolled in a single blind, randomized pilot study to compare antibody and clinical responses to a yeast recombinant pre-S2 + S vaccine and a yeast recombinant S antigen vaccine (Recombivax HBR). Participants received either a 12, 24 or 48 micrograms dose of pre-S2 + S vaccine (with a 1:5 ratio by weight of pre-S2 and S antigens) or a 10 micrograms dose of Recombivax HBR by intramuscular injection at 0, 1 and 6 months; their serological and biochemical responses were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 months, while their clinical responses were monitored for 5 days after each injection. The proportion of vaccines with minor local or systemic complaints (mainly sore arm, malaise, myalgia, fatigue) and the proportion developing antibody to surface antigen (anti-HBs) were similar for all vaccine groups. Transient elevations in alanine aminotransferase occurred infrequently. By 7 months almost all vaccinees developed anti-HBs, but titres were generally higher among recipients of pre-S2 + S vaccine. Antibody to pre-S2 antigen developed in 70-75% by 2 months and in 91-96% by 7 months. These data imply that the recombinant yeast pre-S2 + S vaccine is as well tolerated and as immunogenic as Recombivax HBR. Further studies are being conducted to assess antibody responses in larger numbers of healthy adults as well as in special populations with sub-optimal responses to currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines.
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PMID:Comparative safety and immunogenicity of yeast recombinant hepatitis B vaccines containing S and pre-S2 + S antigens. 187 19

Reducing agents dramatically alter the specificity of competitive assays for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). A specificity improvement was demonstrated with a new assay which utilizes microparticle membrane capture and chemiluminescence detection as well as a current radioimmunoassay procedure (Corab: Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill.). The effect was most noticeable with elevated negative and weakly reactive samples. In both systems, reductants increased separation of a negative population (n = 160) from assay cutoffs. With a selected population (n = 307), inclusion of reductant eliminated apparent anti-HBc activity in 54 of 81 samples in the 30 to 70% inhibition range. Reductant-stable anti-HBc samples were strongly associated with the presence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (21 of 27). The association persisted below the detection limits of current assays to 0.3 to 0.4 Paul Ehrlich Institute units per ml. Only 1 of 54 reduction-sensitive borderline samples was confirmed to be positive for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. The modified procedures had unchanged or slightly improved sensitivity for immunoglobulin G (IgG)-associated anti-HBc activity. Although IgM anti-HBc detection was reduced from four- to eightfold in the presence of reductants, sensitivities remained at least twofold greater than tha of an enzyme immunoassay (Corzyme M; Abbott) designed to detect acute-phase levels of IgM anti-HBc. The use of reducing agents should significantly improve the reliability of anti-HBc testing, especially near assay cutoffs.
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PMID:Improvement in the specificity of assays for detection of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. 203 78

Addition of reducing agents to competitive assays for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) eliminates apparent false reactivity of specimens obtained from individuals with no prior history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and without other serological markers of HBV infection. We have purified and characterized a reduction-sensitive factor (RSF) isolated from the plasma of several volunteer blood donors. Column fractions were assayed fro anti-HBc by using a highly sensitive chemiluminescence assay with a detection of 0.15 Paul Ehrlich Institut units per ml at 50% inhibition. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 indicated that reductant-sensitive samples possessed anti-HBc activity that was associated with immunoglobulin M (IgM), whereas reductant-stable activity was associated with IgG. Gel filtration followed by metal chelate affinity chromatography resulted in a 55-fold purification and demonstrated that RSF activity copurifies with IgM. RSF was recovered from a recombinant hepatitis B core antigen matrix and shown to be an IgM species by immunoblot. In addition, RSF activity coeluted with IgM protein from anti-mu-chain Sepharose. Discrepancies between enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay procedures for anti-HBc (Corzyme and Corab, respectively: Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) appear to be due to the relative sensitivity of the enzyme immunoassay for IgM anti-HBc (sevenfold greater than the radioimmunoassay using a specific panel). The biological basis for the occurrence of low levels of nonspecific IgM anti-HBc reactivity in individuals not previously exposed to HBV remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Characterization of a reduction-sensitive factor from human plasma responsible for apparent false activity in competitive assays for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. 203 79

A 71-yr-old male presented with a 2-month history of fever, malaise, and weight loss. Physical exam revealed chorioretinitis. Laboratory studies were notable for elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Immunoglobulin G antibody to Toxoplasma gondii was positive to a dilution of 1:4096, whereas serologic studies for hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Brucella, and Tularemia were negative. A percutaneous biopsy of the liver revealed hepatic granulomas. Culture of the biopsy specimen was negative for growth of mycobacteria or fungi. Spontaneous improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters occurred over a 4-month period.
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PMID:Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis and hepatic granulomas. 222 Jul 41

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) was compared with a commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) for anti-HBc antibody (Corab: Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.). In parallel tests of 445 consecutive samples, discrepant results were obtained with 2 samples, 1 of which was positive only by the RIA and the other of which was positive only by the EIA for anti-HBc IgG1. In tests of another 192 samples with low blocking activity in the RIA (inhibition range, 90 to 30%), 10 samples gave discrepant results, 5 of which were positive only by the RIA and the other 5 of which were positive only by the EIA for anti-HBc IgG1. Of 12 samples with discrepant results, 11 samples were tested further for anti-HBc IgG3, IgM, and IgA1 by the EIA. Of these, seven samples were positive for anti-HBc IgG1, anti-HBc IgG3, or both. All seven samples were also positive for anti-hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen. Three samples were negative for anti-HBc IgG1, anti-HBc IgG3, or both but were positive for anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBc IgA1, or both; and one sample was reactive only in the RIA. These four samples were all negative for anti-HBs. Thus, low-level results in the RIA caused by anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBc IgA, or both reflect the unspecific activation of immature B lymphocytes that is not related to previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV). In contrast, the presence of anti-HBc IgG1, anti-HBc IgG3, or both indicates differentiated anti-HBc IgG-producing plasma cells and previous exposure to HBV, as was also shown by the presence of anti-HBs. On class and subclass determination for confirmation of positivity for anti-HBc in 19 serum samples, which was identified by screening of blood from 1,343 donors by a competitive EIA (Hepanostika; Organon), 9 samples with positive results, all low level, did not indicate previous exposure to HBV. It was concluded that determination of classes and subclasses of anti-HBc provides a tool for discriminating positive anti-HBc results not caused by HBV exposure.
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay for anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) immunoglobulin G1 and significance of low-level results in competitive assays for anti-HBc. 266 17

Nonspecific hepatitis B surface antigen reactions with a third-generation enzyme immunoassay (Auszyme Monoclonal; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) were investigated with 9,577 serum specimens in a clinical laboratory setting. Of the 196 serum specimens found reactive in Auszyme screen by the overnight procedure, 103 turned out to be true-positives, 71 were nonrepeatably reactive, and 22 were repeatably reactive but actually falsely positive (false-positive rate, 22 of 196, or 11.2%). Verification of the 196 screen reactives by the Auszyme 3-h incubation assay detected all but 4 true-positives, with a false-negative rate of 3.9% (4 of 103), and was negative for the rest. These observations reinforce the need for retesting all reactive specimens and confirming repeatedly reactive samples when the Auszyme Monoclonal test is used to detect hepatitis B surface antigen.
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PMID:False-positive results with third-generation monoclonal hepatitis B surface antigen enzyme immunoassay. 267 1

Multiple microscopic colonies of encapsulated budding yeasts morphologically consistent with Cryptococcus sp were found in the maternal (intervillous) space of the placenta from a woman with AIDS. The patient contracted acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from her affected husband, who had died of the disease 3 years previously. The woman, who was in her sixth pregnancy at term, became symptomatic 1 month before delivery with malaise, oral thrush, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Tests for human immunodeficiency virus and serum hepatitis were negative. Cryptococcus neoformans was cultured in the blood and herpes simplex virus type II was isolated from the cervix. On the second postpartum day, the patient had difficulty breathing and died suddenly. Post-mortem examination disclosed a massive pulmonary embolus and disseminated infection with Cryptococcus organisms.
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PMID:Cryptococcosis of the placenta in a woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 277 45

Sera from 385 healthy people aged 1-76 years from rural Punjab, India, were assayed in 1985-1986 for antibodies to hepatitis A, hepatitis B virus (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B serum antigen, and 175 of these sera were screened for HIV antibodies by ELISA. Commercial kits Havab, Ausrah II, and Ausab Test, (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill, USA) were used. In cases of positive HBsAG, HBe-Antigen and HBV-DNA were determined by radioimmunoassay. over 98% of persons 20, 89% of those 10-19 and 88% of children 1-9 had hepatitis A antibodies. Markers for hepatitis B virus, anti-HBc, ranged from 3.12-36.9% over the age groups, with a total of 100 or 30% positive. HBsAG positives averaged 3.37%. These data are typical of Indian populations in which everyone 10 years has been exposed to hepatitis A. None of the sera were positive for HIV.
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PMID:Prevalence of serological markers for viral hepatitis and AIDS in rural Punjab. 280 49

Of 1,801 Chinese subjects, age 1 to 90 years, screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody (HBsAg, anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), 214 (11.9%) had an isolated, positive anti-HBc result; anti-HBc was reproducibly present in the initial sera in only 66% and persisted after an interval of 2 weeks to 3 months in only 73%. There was a strong correlation between the rates of reproducibility and persistence of isolated anti-HBc and the initial anti-HBc titers. Thirty-two subjects with persistent, isolated anti-HBc received four doses of hepatitis B vaccine (5 micrograms, HEVAC B) at 0, 1, 2 and 12 months: 56% developed a primary anti-HBs response in response to hepatitis B vaccine, 16% developed an anamnestic or secondary anti-HBs response, and 28% were undetectable for anti-HBs even after four doses of vaccine. The low rates of reproducibility and persistence of anti-HBc together with the high rate of primary anti-HBs response to hepatitis B vaccine in subjects with isolated anti-HBc raise doubts as to the reliability of anti-HBc (Corzyme, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.) as a single screening test for hepatitis B infection prior to vaccination and suggests that subjects with isolated anti-HBc, in particular those with low anti-HBc titers, be included in vaccination programs.
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PMID:Prevalence of isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection: implications in hepatitis B vaccination programs. 296 45

It has been studied, by inquiry, the adverse reactions in the hospital personnel vaccinated against Hepatitis B with 3 doses of 20 mcg of the HB-VAX (MSD) vaccine. The 45% of the inquired people referred some kind of the side effects, more frequently after the first vaccinal dose. The local reactions incidency was larger than the general ones, but without any significant differences. The local pain and the asthenia, general malaise and myalgia were the more outstanding symptoms in both cases. The average duration of the adverse reactions was two days, not appearing any disorders in the laboral activity of the vaccinated. In our experience, the anti-Hepatitis B vaccine employed didn't offer superior risk to the observed with antiviral vaccines employed to prevent other diseases.
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PMID:[Adverse reactions to anti-hepatitis B vaccine in hospital personnel: results end experiences]. 297 76


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