Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Due to the growing concern of Health Care Workers (HCW) regarding the possibility of acquiring blood borne infections through accidental occupational exposure and the fact that HIV and Hepatitis B infections have occurred in that setting, an evaluation of the frequency of accidents and their circumstances, suffered by HCW with blood or body fluids from patients was carried out. 1,340 self administered questionnaires were given to HCW with direct contact with patients in a general 800 beds hospital, requiring information of accidental percutaneous, mucosal or cutaneous (it not intact) exposures to blood or certain (risky) body fluids ever and/or in the last 6 months. Sixty five percent of HCW referred some exposure ever and 46% in the last 6 months. The rate of exposure ever ranged from 36.6% in medical students to 69.5% in doctors, 78.5% in nurses to 100% in dentists. Seventy seven percent of the exposures were seen during routine care, 28.5% were perceived as due to personal carelessness, 19.9% due to patient agitation, 33.5% as inherent to the procedure and 8.9% to abandonment of material. Exposures were mostly to blood. One hundred eleven out of 331 (33.5%) exposures were produced during handling of syringes; 33.2% during invasive procedures and 13% during cleaning of material. Sixty out of 107 (56%) non surgical doctors (NSD) and 61/67 (92.5%) of surgical doctors (SD) had had exposures ever (p < 0.01), 16.8% and 65.6% had had one or more in the last 6 months respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Accidental exposure to health care workers of blood and body fluids from patients]. 134 Sep 44

Highly purified recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (rbFGF) and acidic FGF (aFGF) stimulated the proliferation of human-human (h-h) hybridomas to the extent of over four-fold from a low cell density such as 1 x 10(3) cells per ml in a serum-free medium in 24-well plates. The stimulatory effect of rbFGF was also observed in various lymphoid cell lines. Expecting that FGF could be an autocrine growth factor, we introduced bFGF gene into a h-h hybridoma using an expression plasmid induced by dexamethasone. The transformed cells thus obtained, HPO-75.11 bFGF-7, were able to grow well from a low inoculum density in a serum-free medium and antibody production was also increased when bFGF gene expression was induced. The transformed cells could grow at clonal density in a serum-free medium in 96-well plates, though the original cells could not. We also obtained a more practical transfectant, HPO-75.29-H74, using a high-shear stress adapted clone as the recipient and an expression plasmid having bFGF gene under the control of metallothionein-I promoter. The HPO-75.29-H74 cells were capable of growing and producing human monoclonal antibody against hepatitis B virus surface antigen from an inoculum density of 1 x 10(3) cells per ml in an agitation vessel without addition of an inducer.
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PMID:Improvement in the proliferative activity of human-human hybridomas at low cell density by transfection with bFGF gene. 136 9

Human-human hybridomas which secrete a human monoclonal antibody (h-MoAb) against hepatitis B virus surface antigen showed growth associated production kinetics. The rate of h-MoAb production rapidly decreased after cell growth was arrested in a perfusion culture, even if the perfusion rate was increased. A continuous suspended-perfusion culture, in which both culture broth and culture supernatant are continuously harvested and the same volume of fresh medium is continuously fed into the reactor, was developed to maintain continuous growing conditions during cultivation. In this culture system, the production of h-MoAb continued for more than 50 days with an average productivity of 5.0 mg/l of working volume/day. A semicontinuous immobilized-perfusion culture in which parts of the cells are repeatedly removed from the immobilized reactor was another useful technique for the long term cultivation of these h-h hybridomas. As an average h-MoAb production rate, 62 mg/l of immobilized-bed volume/day was achieved for 65 days of cultivation using a ceramic matrix reactor, and 327 mg/l/day was achieved over 47 days of cultivation using a hollow fiber reactor equipped with Cultureflo M. Thus, the antibody productivity per reactor volume per day by the semicontinuous immobilized-perfusion culture was much higher than that of the continuous perfusion culture in an agitation reactor.
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PMID:Comparison of culture methods for human-human hybridomas secreting anti-HBsAg human monoclonal antibodies. 136 64

We established a simple and efficient method for gene transfer in vitro (to cultured cells) and in vivo (to an adult organ) using liposomes. Plasmid DNA and proteins were efficiently co-encapsulated in liposomes by agitation and sonication, and were co-introduced into cells by hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-mediated membrane fusion. Introduction of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene with non-histone chromosomal protein high mobility group 1 (HMG1) into LLCMK2 cells resulted in about 3 times higher beta-galactosidase activity than that on introduction of the gene alone. Two days after injection of HVJ-liposomes containing the beta-galactosidase gene and HMG1 under the perisplanchnic membrane of adult rat liver, hepatic cells near the injection site were found by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside staining to have beta-galactosidase activity. After similar injection of HVJ-liposomes containing the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) gene and HMG1, HBsAg was detected in the serum for 9 days with a maximum of 25-45 ng/ml on day 2 after the injection.
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PMID:Expression of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in adult rat liver. Co-introduction of DNA and nuclear protein by a simplified liposome method. 184 70

With the objective of finding a simpler and more sensitive method than conventional radioimmunoassay testing to detect HBsAg, we have modified the sample volume and first incubation procedure of the Ausria IIA method. There was an up to 9-fold increase in sensitivity without loss of specificity, in different assays, when the first incubation was carried out with a serum sample of 1 ml that was rotatively agitated for 22 h at room temperature. Additionally, 71 samples from which conventional testing had isolated hepatitis B core antibodies were tested with the modified rotative agitation technique and 9 of these specimens (12.67%) were positive for HBsAg. Routine employment of the rotative agitation radioimmunoassay technique to screen HBsAg by blood banks, to detect potential infectious donations that escape conventional testing, could be an effective as well as low-cost procedure to prevent post-transfusion hepatitis B.
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PMID:Rotative agitation RIA. A high sensitivity technique for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) determinations. 355 46

A simple procedural modification of a commercial solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique resulted in increased sensitivity for detecting HBsAg. The main feature of the modification consisted of agitation of the sample and solid-phase antibody during the first incubation. This was achieved by dispensing the bead and sample into a vial and rotating the vial gently during the incubation period. The modified technique resulted in the detection of HBsAg in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 ng/ml (ay subtype) and 0.16 to 0.38 ng/ml (ad subtype). Samples that were reactive by the rotation technique could be shown to be specific by using an immunological neutralization test. Plasma as well as serum could be tested by the rotation technique and gave comparable results when samples were incubated at 45 C or at room temperature. Three (1.3%) of 227 donor samples containing anti-HBc as the sole hepatitis B marker were specifically reactive for HBsAg by the modified procedure, although no sample was reactive by the standard technique.
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PMID:A simple technique for enhancing the sensitivity of a commercial solid-phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). 726 72

Children of substance abuse mothers have an increased risk of severe pathological disorders such as perinatal diseases (prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, infections) with their neurological and respiratory complications and sequelae, and transmission of drug addiction related infections, ie human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C virus, syphilis. Many of these children present a drug withdrawal syndrome characterized by restlessness and jetteriness during the neonatal period. This is frequently followed by a post withdrawal period of several weeks duration with crying, excitement, sleep and feeding difficulties. Although these drug withdrawal manifestations have no incidence on the vital prognosis, it severely impairs the mother-infant interaction. Despite these disorders it appears that the outcome of these children is mainly related to their familial environment which is exposed to many risk factors: mother-child separation, violence, delinquency, precariousness, unhealthy housing, prostitution, drug dependency, parental death or imprisonment... Early medico-psycho-social intervention starting during pregnancy and a prolonged support for several years are the only way to improve their spontaneously poor outcome.
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PMID:[Management of drug addict pregnant women and their children]. 918 Oct 22

Primary vaccination of infants with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B recombinant (adsorbed)-inactivated poliomyelitis-adsorbed conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib; Infanrix hexa)-inactivated poliomyelitis-absorbed conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib) refers to Infanrix hexa trade mark.) provided high levels of seroprotection against diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, poliovirus 1, 2 and 3, pertussis antigens (pertussis toxoid, filamentous haemagglutinin and pertactin), hepatitis B virus surface antigen and H. influenzae polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP) antigen. Most infants (97%) had anti-PRP levels >/=0.15 micro g/mL after a booster dose at 18 months. Primary vaccination with the DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine produced a similar immune response to that with two different pentavalent plus monovalent vaccine combinations. Coadministration of DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine and a heptavalent pneumonococcal conjugate vaccine resulted in a high level of seroprotection and was well tolerated. Primary or booster vaccination with DTPa- HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine was well tolerated. Commonly reported local adverse reactions included redness, pain and swelling. Systemic symptoms were usually mild to moderate, and included fussiness, fever, restlessness and sleepiness.
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PMID:DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine (Infanrix hexa). 1265 46

The presence of a plasmid, containing gene sequences for DNA immunotherapy that are not expressed in microbial culture, imposed a degradation in bioreactor performance in cultures of the host E. coli strain. Significant decreases in growth rate (24%) and biomass yield (7%) and a corresponding increase in overflow metabolism were observed in a strain containing a therapeutic sequence (a hepatitis B antigen under the control of a CMV promotor). The observed increase in overflow metabolism was incorporated into a Metabolic Flux Analysis (MFA) model (as acetate secretion). Metabolic flux analysis revealed an increase in TCA cycle flux, consistent with an increased respiration rate observed in plasmid-containing cells. These effects are thought to result from increased ATP synthesis requirements (24%) arising from the expression of the Kanr plasmid marker gene whose product accounted for 18% of the cell protein of the plasmid-containing strain. These factors will necessitate significantly higher aeration and agitation rates or lower nutrient feed rates in high-density cultures than would be expected for plasmid-free cultures.
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PMID:Characterization of the metabolic burden on Escherichia coli DH1 cells imposed by the presence of a plasmid containing a gene therapy sequence. 1553 38

The capacity of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger to produce and assemble complex immunogenic viral proteins into virus-like particles (VLPs) in batch culture was enhanced by optimizing the bioprocessing parameters, agitation intensity and dissolved oxygen (dO(2)) concentration. Response surface methodology (RSM) and a two-factor-two-level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the interactive response pattern between parameters and their optimum combination. The recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was used as a model VLP system to determine the effect of these parameters on biomass yield, fungal morphology, HBsAg production and bioreactor kinetics. The response surface model predicted optimum cultivation conditions at an agitation of rate of 100 rpm and a dO(2) concentration of 25%, obtaining highest intracellular membrane-associated HBsAg levels of [see text]. HBsAg production levels were increased tenfold compared to yields obtained in shake flask cultivation. Although hepatitis B VLPs mostly accumulated intracellularly, optimal bioreactor conditions resulted in significant HBsAg release in culture supernatant. These results compare favourably with other recombinant VLP systems in batch culture, and therefore, indicate a substantial potential for further engineering of the A. niger production system for the high level of intracellular and extracellular VLP production.
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PMID:Increased Hepatitis B surface antigen production by recombinant Aspergillus niger through the optimization of agitation and dissolved oxygen concentration. 1730 7


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