Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

National immunization programs carried out in the CSR are here confronted with the EPI regional targets for Europe, a component of the WHO global program "Health for all by the year 2000". The EPI target diseases to be brought under control in Europe by 1990 include measles, poliomyelitis, diphtheria and neonatal tetanus; control of congenital rubella infection is to be achieved by the year 2000. The presented data show that Czechoslovakia has succeeded in implementing this program much ahead of the WHO time schedule. The elimination of measles infection was achieved in 1982, poliomyelitis was brought under control in 1961, and the effective diphtheria control has been in effect since the mid-1960s. Cases of neonatal tetanus are absent in the CSR since 1965, the annual incidence of postnatal tetanus is permanently 0.1-0.2 per 100,000 population. The goal of achieving the rubella-free status and thus the elimination of congenital rubella cases at country level is expected to be reached in the early 1990s. Implementation of the remaining WHO recommendations pertinent to infections other than EPI target diseases appears also satisfactory. Regular immunization against whooping cough, one of the oldest immunization programs in Czechoslovakia, succeeded in effectively eliminating this infection in the early 1970s. Selective immunization campaigns against influenza infection, introduced many years ago, help protect, together with a large-scale use of available chemoprophylactics, some 200,000 individuals every year in CSR. The hepatitis B immunization program was started in 1983 and is primarily limited to health service staff, which is in line with the existing WHO recommendations. Inception of the regular immunization program against mumps is planned for the beginning of 1987.
 ...
PMID:Expanded program on immunization and its implementation in the Czech Socialist Republic. 341 Nov 17

We have cloned the X gene (HBx) and the HBc antigen (HBc Ag) gene of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Escherichia coli as fusion products with beta-galactosidase. Both HBV genes are expressed in E. coli strain CSR 603. Expression is detected by u.v. irradiation of the bacteria, metabolic labelling and electrophoresis of the labelled extracts on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The HBc Ag protein produced in bacteria can be recognised by anti-HBc sera and peptides derived from the protein are also recognised by anti-HBe sera. The HBx protein is recognised by some, but not all, sera which are anti-HBe positive. HBx Ag is also recognised by a woodchuck antibody similar to anti-HBe (anti-WHe). These results constitute the first proof that the open reading frame X is a true viral gene and is expressed during HBV (and WHV) infection and that an HBx/anti-HBx system, which may have important biological implications, can exist in parallel with the classic HBe/anti-HBe system.
 ...
PMID:The HBV HBX gene expressed in E. coli is recognised by sera from hepatitis patients. 389 26

Family incidence of HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis was confirmed to be high. In 499 families with a type B viral hepatitis patient, type B viral hepatitis morbidity among 1116 contacts amounted to 2.24% within 6 months of the primary patients' hospitalization (being 188.2 times higher than semiannual morbidity of the population of the Czech Socialist Republic, CSR) and the prevalence of HBsAg amounted to 8.96% (being 22.4 times higher than among the population of CSR). On deducting positive findings at first blood samplings, which at least partially eliminated individuals who could themselves have been the source of infection for the first patient in each family, the rate for contact cases equalled 0.70% (58.8 times higher morbidity than among the population) and the rate for HBsAg prevalence equalled 2.50% (6.25 times higher than among the population). Among 917 members of 335 families where a case of HBsAg-negative viral hepatitis occured, 0.32% developed HBsAg-positive viral hepatitis within 6 months (26.8 times higher morbidity than population morbidity) and the HBsAg prevalence was 2.94% (7.35 greater than among the population). On deducting the first positive findings no clinical illness remained and HBsAg prevalence equalle 0.98% (2.45 times higher than among the population). The highest HBsAg prevalence was found among contacts aged 0-5 years (17.09% for the whole period, 3.41% after deducting first positive findings) and 40 years and over (10.82% and 3.39%, respectively). Type B viral hepatitis morbidity was again highest in the age groups of 0-5 years (5.12%) and 40 years and over (2.54%) for the whole period. On deducting first positive findings, the 40+ years group displayed the highest morbidity (1.27%), whereas the 0-5 years group displayed zero morbidity. Disclosure of the mechanisms of nonparenteral or inapparently parenteral transmission specific for family environments would be important for the prospect of introducing adequate measures to limit or prevent the spread of type B viral hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:Family incidence of type B hepatitis. 647 Apr 80