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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure and active infection in HIV-positive (n=710) and HIV-negative (n=710) pregnant South African women was investigated. The following statistically significant increases in the HIV-positive group were found: anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) (37.3% versus 28.6%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.49); anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) (29.5% versus 20.1%; OR: 1.66); exposure based on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBc (39.2% versus 30.1%; OR: 1.49); and exposure based on anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HBsAg (37.1% versus 24.5%; OR: 1.82). However, there was no increase in active HBV infections, with 2.4% of the HIV positives and 2.2% of the HIV negatives being HBV DNA positive. Although the impact that HIV has had on the prevalence of HBV in this population group is not as pronounced as that found in areas of low endemicity (where up to seven-fold increases have been reported), there is a statistically significant increased exposure to HBV.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Mar
PMID:Increased exposure to hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-positive South African antenatal women. 1736 44

Practice related to hepatitis B vaccination in Yorkshire genitourinary medicine clinics was audited against targets based on the offer and uptake of vaccination by men who have sex with men (MSM) set by the National Strategy for Sexual Health and HIV (NSSHHIV). Of 254 eligible cases, 226 (93%) were offered vaccination, but only 187 (77%) were offered it at their first visit. Uptake of the first dose of vaccine was 83%, 56% and 82% among eligible MSM, injecting drug users (IDU) and commercial sex workers (CSW), respectively. Of the 193 cases who commenced vaccination, uptake of the third dose was 49%, 29% and 24% among eligible MSM, IDU and CSW, respectively. The super-accelerated course was most commonly prescribed, and completion of a three-dose course of this regimen was superior to the accelerated and standard courses. However, more patients having the accelerated and standard regimens had anti-surface antibodies greater than 10 IU/L compared with the super-accelerated regimen. Improved recording of risk factors and provision of written information about vaccination, as well as a robust recall system to improve the completion rates of all regimens, are needed.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Mar
PMID:Yorkshire regional audit of hepatitis B vaccination. 1736 58

The risk of hepatitis B among men having sex with men (MSM) is high, with core antibody rates ranging from 5% to 81%. We describe an outreach, hepatitis B vaccination programme aiming to raise awareness of hepatitis B and increase vaccination uptake. The 13-week programme used an ultra rapid vaccination schedule. Follow-up was defined as complete if the client was core antibody positive, had adequate surface antibody levels following prior vaccination or received three vaccine doses. One hundred and fifty clients were screened for hepatitis B and syphilis. Three cases of untreated syphilis (early latent) and one case of e-antigen-positive hepatitis B were detected. With the aid of text-message reminders, a vaccination completion rate of 76.6% was achieved, with 82.5% completing follow-up. In conclusion, this programme succeeded in reaching MSM not routinely accessing services. Text messaging was an acceptable and effective method of follow-up, resulting in high vaccination completion rates.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 May
PMID:B safe, B sorted: results of a hepatitis B vaccination outreach programme. 1752 95

Since the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children, response to scheduled vaccines may determinate future morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study have been to describe the current vaccine coverage, vaccine safety and concordance with vaccine recommendations of the 68 HIV-infected children and adolescents followed up in our Unit. Forty-four percent of the children received at least one dose of the oral polio vaccine (OPV). Only 9.1% needed and received a second set of hepatitis B virus immunization because of low vaccine response. Only 14.7% were vaccinated against varicella. Coverages of 82.3% and 100% have been reached with the 23-valent and the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccines, respectively. Meningococcal conjugated vaccine uptake was moderate (80.8%). Influenza annual vaccination coverage was poor: only 22.7% had well-documented yearly vaccines. In our experience, vaccine coverage is lower in those vaccines administered in primary care centres compared with the immunizations given at the hospital. OPV administration did not cause any adverse effect in the children or in their families. Vaccine coverage in HIV-infected children was suboptimal.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 May
PMID:HIV-infected children vaccination coverage and safety in a Western European cohort: a retrospective study. 1752 1

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection may differentially influence HIV treatment duration and outcome. This was assessed at The Ottawa Hospital Immunodeficiency Clinic in first-time highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) recipients visited between January 2000 and December 2004. Of 968 patients, 526/700 (75%) HIV, 173/230 (75%) HIV-HCV and 30/38 (79%) HIV-HBV-infected patients initiated HAART. Co-infected patients stopped treatment sooner (HBV - 10 months, HCV - 9 months) than HIV mono-infected (17 months) (P<0.001). Injection drug history predicted shorter treatment duration (odds ratio [OR]1.59, P<0.001). Use of non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor-containing HAART (OR 0.76, P<0.01) and low-dose ritonavir (<400 mg twice daily)-based HAART (OR 0.83, P = 0.06) predicted longer treatment duration. HCV co-infection did not predict duration of therapy (OR 1.19, P=0.19) once controlled for by these three variables. Poor adherence was a major explanation for eventual treatment interruption in those with HIV-HCV (22% versus 5% in HIV alone; P<0.001) as was substance abuse (7% versus < 1% in HIV; P<0.001). Metabolic complications resulted in HAART interruption in HIV mono-infection (8%) but not with HBV or HCV co-infection (both <1%; P<0.001). Antiretroviral selection is critical to the longevity of initially prescribed regimens, irrespective of viral hepatitis co-infection. Attention to this and strategies targeting substance abuse and adherence in HIV-HCV are predicted to increase the duration of HAART.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Aug
PMID:Comparison of first antiretroviral treatment duration and outcome in HIV, HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV infection. 1768 17

The case-notes of 3210 patients with HIV infection were audited. A sexual history was documented within four weeks before or after initial HIV diagnosis in 69% of cases (regional range 45-84%), and in the six months before attendance during the audit interval in 34% (12-53%). An offer of tests for sexually transmitted infections was documented within four weeks before or after HIV diagnosis in 58% (30-83%), and in the prior six months in 28% (14-47%). Syphilis serology was offered in the previous three months to 45% (14-100%) of cases resident in syphilis outbreak areas and to 25% (7-62%) of other cases. Hepatitis B testing was performed for 98% (95-100%) of cases and for hepatitis C, for 91% (79-100%). Cervical cytology results in the past year were documented for 73% (43-94%) of eligible women. Considerable inter-regional variation in performance exists. Interventions are needed to improve the sexual health care of people with HIV infection.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Sep
PMID:UK national audit of sexual health care for people with HIV infection: case-notes audit. 1791 61

The British HIV Association currently recommends vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) for all susceptible HIV-infected individuals, therefore a retrospective analysis was performed on case notes from all patients diagnosed with HIV infection in our department for a one-year period from 1st August 2005; in each case HBV serological testing and vaccination status were recorded. Fifty-one patients were diagnosed with HIV infection during the study period, however, serological testing for HBV infection had been undertaken in only 76% of susceptible patients by 12 months following their HIV diagnosis. At the time of analysis only 31% of patients were adequately vaccinated against HBV, with recorded HBV surface antibody titres of >100 IU/L. HBV remains a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals and this study suggests that prevention or detection of HBV infection requires increased vigilance on the part of physicians managing HIV-positive patients.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Feb
PMID:Hepatitis B testing and vaccination in patients recently diagnosed with HIV infection. 1857 31

The presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers have been investigated in 101 Lebanese patients (69 men, 32 women; mean age 32.7 +/- 1.7 years) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Seven patients (6.9%) were HBsAg carriers compared with 54 patients (53.5%) who had no evidence of exposure to HBV infection. Twenty-four patients (23.8%) had anti-HBc alone as a serological marker compared with four patients who were positive for anti-HBs alone and 12 patients (11.9%) who were anti-HBc and anti-HBs-positive. Occult HBV infection (presence of HBV DNA in the absence of HBsAg) is found to be relatively high (28.7%) in HIV-infected Lebanese patients and the overwhelming majority (83.3%) of those who were positive for anti-HBc alone had a detectable HBV DNA in their serum. However, none of our HIV-positive patients with occult HBV infection had abnormal alanine aminotransferase level, which also raises the question as to whether occult HBV plays a role in the aetiology of liver disease in HIV-infected patients. Further, studies on the association between HBV DNA levels and markers of liver function in addition to data on liver biopsy would help in answering this question.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Mar
PMID:Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected Lebanese patients with isolated antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen. 1839 62

Our goal was to identify attitudinal, behavioural and pragmatic factors predictive of receipt of the first and second doses of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine. In this study, 431 adult sexually transmitted disease clinic patients with no reported history of prior HBV vaccination or infection completed a computer-assisted questionnaire, then were offered free HBV vaccine. Those who accepted were scheduled for follow-up doses. Twenty-nine percent received the first dose of vaccine. Of these individuals, 21% returned for the second dose. Seven participants received all three doses. Health beliefs and caring for three or more children predicted first dose acceptance. Less travel time to the clinic and caring for two or fewer children predicted return for the second dose. HBV vaccination rates were low in this study. Interventions designed to modify health beliefs may increase first dose uptake. Increases in receipt of subsequent vaccine doses might best be accomplished through approaches designed to decrease pragmatic barriers to vaccine access.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Apr
PMID:Predictors of first and second dose acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine among STD clinic patients. 1848 44

Blood lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are used to assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We evaluated in a cross-sectional design the relationship of hsCRP to markers of liver function (aspartate and alanine transaminases [AST and ALT, respectively]), CVD risk factors and HIV-disease progression markers in 226 HIV-1 sero-positive drug users. hsCRP showed a significant inverse relationship with ALT and high-density lipoprotein, independent of age, gender, viral load, CD4 cell-count and antiretroviral (ARV) use, and was not significantly associated with HIV-disease progression markers. Serum markers of liver damage, AST and ALT, were associated with lower hsCRP, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides. Elevated liver enzymes (> or =40 IU/L) were predictive of hsCRP levels that are considered a low risk for CVD. In conclusion, hsCRP may not be a reliable marker of CVD risk in populations with HIV at-risk for elevated liver enzymes due to high hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus prevalence and ARV use.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Jun
PMID:C-reactive protein: a poor marker of cardiovascular disease risk in HIV+ populations with a high prevalence of elevated serum transaminases. 1859 80


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