Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) who were positive for antibody to hepatitis B e antigen were tested for precipitating specificities of the antibody and for rheumatoid factor (RF) over a two-year period. Twenty-one of 69 carriers were RF-positive by the latex-RF test with human IgG, but all were negative by the hemagglutination-RF test with rabbit IgG. Antibody to e/1 antigen was identified as an IgM antibody reactive in the latex-RF test, whereas antibody to e/2 antigen belonged to the IgG class and showed no RF reactivity. Antibody production seems to follow a sequential evolution: antibody to e/1 antigen appears early and that to e/2 antigen follows shortly thereafter. Antibody to e/2 antigen remains as the permanent antibody, whereas that to e/1 antigen sometimes disappears. The fact that antibody to e/1antigen is present only in certain chronic carriers of HBsAg would account for discrepancies in reported results of RF test in viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Identity of antibody to hepatitis B e/1 antigen as an atypical rheumatoid factor. 615 56

beta 2 Microglobulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the serum of 160 patients with liver disease and compared to 63 normal controls and 75 asymptomatic HBs-Ag carriers. All the latter subjects had normal values. Elevated serum beta 2 microglobulin levels were found in most of the other categories: acute viral hepatitis (35/45); chronic persistent (8/26) or active (35/41) hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (27/38). beta 2 Microglobulin values were significantly lower in chronic persistent hepatitis than in the three other groups (p less than 0.05). Steroid therapy was followed by reduction of serum beta 2m levels in 11/11 cases of chronic active hepatitis, eight of whom returned to normal value. Although linked to the course of the disease, variations of beta 2 microglobulin were independent of transaminases, bilirubin and gamma globulins. Elevated serum beta 2 microglobulin correlated with demonstration of rheumatoid factor but not with detection of circulating immune complexes, hepatitis B virus markers or autoantibodies. The results suggest that elevation of serum beta w microglobulin is encountered mostly in the active forms of inflammatory liver diseases.
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PMID:Elevation of serum beta 2 microglobulin in liver diseases. 616 10

The data accumulated from 1969 to 1979 in the Diagnostic Immunology portion of the Center for Disease Control Proficiency Testing Program were evaluated for evidence of change in performance among the participating laboratories. Evidence of improved performance was found for the rubella, rheumatoid factor, tularemia, quantitative immunoglobulin (immunoglobulin G, A, and M), and hepatitis B tests. No evidence of change was detected for the streptococcal enzyme, C-reactive protein, infectious mononucleosis, antinuclear antibodies, Salmonella and Brucella agglutinins, and syphilis tests. Data obtained from other tests were inadequate to determine trends. In most tests, deficiencies were identified which could be corrected and thereby could improve performance. It is pointed out that proficiency testing not only improves laboratory performance, but also can be used to evaluate performance levels, identify method, standard, or performance deficiencies, educate, estimate impact of possible changes, serve as external quality control, and document changes.
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PMID:Assessment of laboratory improvement by the Center for Disease Control Diagnostic Immunology Proficiency Testing Program. 625 2

An immune electron microscopic (IEM) study of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) system has shown that rheumatoid factor (RE) can be an important complicating factor when examining preparations containing multiple antigenic specificities. For example, in the presence of RF, mixed immune complexes were produced that suggested HBeAg might be antigenically related to either Dane particles or cores. When RF was removed, however, the putative HBeAg--anti-Hbe complexes showed no relationship with any other hepatitis B component. It has been shown that RF can have a positive practical application in IEM by using it to link preformed marker complexes to immune complexes which do not contain morphologically recognizable antigen.
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PMID:The role of rheumatoid factor in an electron microscope study of hepatitis B antigens. 626 22

A three-step solid-phase radioimmunoassay, HAVAB-M, was developed for use in clinical labs as an aid to diagnosing hepatitis A. Polystyrene beads were coated with anti-human IgM (mu-chain specific) and were incubated successively with serum specimen, HAV, and anti-HAV 125I. HAVAB-M was used to assay sera from patients with hepatitis A and was found to have high sensitivity for the IgM antibody to HAV. The antibody was detectable within a few days of onset of symptoms of hepatitis, and it reached maximum concentrations within one to three weeks. The test was designed so that most patients' sera would become negative approximately three months after onset. HAVAB-M was shown to be specific for IgM antibody, with virtually no detection of IgG anti-HAV. The test showed no interference fro rheumatoid factor and no cross-reactivity with sera from patients with hepatitis B or other infectious diseases.
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PMID:Diagnosis of acute hepatitis A by HAVAB-M, a direct radioimmunoassay for IgM anti-HAV. 626 29

Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers are at high risk of contracting perinatal hepatitis B infection. The prevention is based on active as well as passive immunoprophylaxis. We have used hepatitis vaccine in 18 newborns of as many HBsAg-positive mothers. Some haematologic and immunologic parameters are here reported. No alterations were observed as to liver function. Immunoglobulin values were normal for age. Auto-antibodies and rheumatoid factor were constantly absent. Immunecomplexes were present in the serum of some infants. The study of T cell subsets and of natural killer cells activity did not reveal any important changes, whereas minor modifications were present in polymorphonuclear leucocyte function. In all infants submitted to vaccination serum conversion was observed a with different antibody levels.
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PMID:[Active and passive immunoprevention of hepatitis B in newborn infants with HBsAg-positive mothers]. 633 50

A new test principle for the simultaneous detection of total approximate titers and immunoglobulin M antibodies has been developed and applied to the detection of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. The method is based on the combination of a competition radioimmunoassay, for the determination of total antibody titer, with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of single class antibodies. The interference of the rheumatoid factor was avoided by including heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G in the dilution buffer. The specificity, sensitivity, and clinical application of the test are discussed. The results presented suggest that the simultaneous detection of total and immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen might be helpful in the differentiation between previous and recent or ongoing hepatitis B infection, as well as in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis, in monitoring viral activity in chronic infections, and in helping to differentiate acute from chronic infections. The test principle appears applicable in the accurate diagnosis of other infectious diseases by a single test on only one serum sample.
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PMID:New principle for the simultaneous detection of total and immunoglobulin M antibodies applied to the measurement of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. 638 30

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was developed employing beta-D-galactosidase conjugated with antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) and using m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester as the coupling reagent. The experimental conditions for quantitative assay of HBeAg were determined. The presence of rheumatoid factor in test sera did not affect the results. This assay system is more sensitive than the micro-Ouchterlony method and as sensitive as radioimmunoassay. The use of beta-D-galactosidase for ELISA in the field of virology is recommended.
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay of HBeAg employing beta-D-galactosidase. 642 59

IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) was determined in acute and chronic hepatitis B by the immunocapture method. To avoid interference with the rheumatoid factor, F (ab')2 antibodies were used; non-specific reaction of IgG anti-HBc with anti-mu usually observed with 1/100 dilution of the serum was avoided by 1/1,000 dilution. IgM anti-HBc was positive in 100 p. 100 of the patients with acute hepatitis B (n = 32), in respectively 100 p. 100 and 70 p. 100 of the patients with complete recovery 6 and 12 months after acute illness (n = 10 and n = 10), 20.8 p. 100 of the healthy chronic HBs Ag carriers (n = 48), 80 and 85.7 p. 100 of the patients with chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis (n = 40 and n = 14). S/N ratios (S = sample, N = negative controls) were above 5 in all patients with acute hepatitis. In patients with complete recovery, 6 to 12 months after acute illness, and in healthy chronic HBs Ag carriers, S/N ratios were above 5 in only 5 and 2 p. 100 of cases respectively whereas in patients with chronic hepatitis, the S/N values were dispersed. The main interest of the IgM anti-HBc test is to allow for the diagnosis between acute hepatitis B and acute hepatitis non B in healthy chronic HBs Ag carriers. In our patients, a S/N ratio above 5 discriminated between an acute hepatitis B and a healthy chronic HBs Ag carrier with a specificity of 98 p. 100.
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PMID:[Anti-HBc IgM antibodies: prevalence during HB virus infection and value of studying titers]. 648 85

To search for human antiidiotypic antibodies, cryoglobulins from 11 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia, 7 of whom had evidence of prior hepatitis B virus infection were separated on Sephadex G-200. Each of the IgM, 8 of which were IgM kappa, was tested with the F(ab')2 fragments prepared from each of the IgG fractions in a solid phase assay by using binding of 125I Staph A protein after the addition of rabbit anti-IgM. Unlike rabbit anti-Fab, which reacted approximately to the same extent with all F(ab')2 fragments, the IgM varied in their binding to F(ab')2 fragments, reacting with 2 to 10 antigens. Nine reacted with their autologous antigen and in 5 instances autologous reactivity exceeded that with heterologous F(ab')2 fragments. Reactivity was not related to prior exposure to HBV. Though absorption with Cohn fraction II F(ab')2 fragments generally abolished reactivity, 1 IgM protein continued to react with nine F(ab')2 fragments and 4 others with the F(ab')2 fragment from a single patient. Even when they contained only a single type of kappa-chain, the IgM appeared to contain multiple antibodies since absorption with solid phase Fc fragments or IgG removed anti-Fc rheumatoid factor activity but failed to affect binding to F(ab')2 fragments. Five of 7 IgM were able to bind the Fv region of a monoclonal IgM kappa-protein. Some of the anti-Fab antibodies were directed against idiotypes since addition of HbsAg to F(ab')2 fragments from HBsAb-positive IgG resulted in a marked decrease in binding of the IgM fraction in 6 out of 7 studies, whereas no decrease was noted in 6 experiments with F(ab')2 fragments that were HBsAb negative. The possible existence of antibodies against other idiotypes or other determinants in the Fab region cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Antiidiotypic activity in the IgM fractions of mixed cryoglobulins. 677 23


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