Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an effort to vaccinate as many high-risk individuals as possible against hepatitis B, 10,484 persons received a total of 27,818 injections of H-B-Vax (Merck Sharp & Dohme) or HEVAC B (Sanofi/Pasteur) between January 1982 and January 1983. They represented 1.1% of the total population of the canton of Zurich including approximately 70% of all medical and dental personnel, a great proportion of eligible high-risk patients and contacts of HBs Ag carriers, but not more than 10% of drug addicts and promiscuous homosexuals. Twelve to 17% of the vaccine injections were accompanied by side effects which were benign in nature and transitory. Six vaccinated individuals developed hepatitis B, all within 60 days after the first vaccine dose. One hundred and seventy-seven cases of hepatitis B were recorded in 1982, 109 in the first half of the year and 68 in the second half. It was concluded that the vaccination campaign provided protection for medical and dental personnel. There was still no conclusive evidence of a vaccine-related drop in the incidence of hepatitis B in other high-risk groups vaccinated or - as a secondary effect - in other non-vaccinated populations.
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PMID:Hepatitis B vaccination of high-risk individuals in the canton of Zurich. 662 72

IgG subclasses in anti-HBs antibodies in sera from 9 vaccinated (H-B-Vax, Merck, Sharp & Dohme) individuals and from 18 individuals with naturally acquired anti-HBs were characterized in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal subclass-specific antibodies. Also eight hyperimmune immunoglobulin preparations from five producers were investigated. In vaccinated persons, the activity was predominantly present in IgG1 and IgG4 subclass. Various combinations of subclasses in anti-HBs antibodies were found in persons after recovery from hepatitis B and in immunoglobulin preparations. The serum concentration of subclasses does not reflect the subclass profiles of the anti-HBs antibody.
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PMID:IgG subclasses of anti-HBs antibodies in vaccinated and nonvaccinated individuals and in anti-HBs immunoglobulin preparations. 669 24

The immunogenic effect of hepatitis B vaccine (H-B-vax) was evaluated in 120 seronegative healthy Nigerians. Three doses of the vaccine were given at 0, 1, and 6 months. Serial blood samples were tested 1 month after each vaccination for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Of 60 vaccines given 20 micrograms of the vaccine, 40% had significant anti-HBs response 1 month after the first dose, 70% after the second dose, and 91.7% after the third dose. In the 60 vaccines given 10-micrograms doses, the seroconversion rates were 35, 73.3, and 90%, respectively. It is concluded that this vaccine in 10-micrograms doses is as effective as the larger doses in producing anti-HBs. The administration of small doses would reduce the cost of large-scale vaccination programs in developing countries.
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PMID:The immune response of healthy Nigerian adults to small doses of hepatitis B vaccine: comparison of 10- and 20-micrograms doses. 672 91

Since 1982 two hepatitis B (HB) vaccines have been commercialized. Both contain mainly non-infectious hepatitis B surface antigen particles and are manufactured from purified and inactivated plasma of healthy HBs-antigen carriers. H-B- Vax (Merck, Sharp & Dohme) is administered intramuscularly in two 20 micrograms doses one month apart, followed by a booster injection six months after the initial dose. Hevac B Pasteur is injected subcutaneously in three 5 micrograms doses at monthly intervals, with a booster dose 12 months after the first. Side effects are mild and not significantly more frequent than after placebo. Both vaccines are effective, as shown by the appearance of antibodies against HBs antigen in over 95% of healthy vaccines. HB infection occurred only in the first months after vaccination and in people with insufficient antibody response. Patients with compromised immune reactivity, such as those with endstage renal failure or with a transplanted organ, develop anti-HBs less often and also in lower titers than healthy individuals. In Western Europe and in the United States HB vaccination should be restricted to persons at high risk such as medical and dental personnel, patients with endstage renal failure, i.v. drug users, male homosexuals, close contacts of HBs carriers, refugees from countries with high HB endemicity and travellers to such countries. In developing countries with very high prevalence of hepatitis B, extensive programmes of vaccination in infants should be initiated. Serotesting before vaccination is only useful in people with an exposed probability of positive HBV markers well over 10%. Serotesting after vaccination should be done in health care personnel where non-responders can be protected with intermittent injections of HB immunoglobulin. In selected cases combined passive-active immunization may be useful.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B vaccination]. 672 15

The safety of the hepatitis B vaccine H-B- Vax derives from a very strict screening of plasma donors as well as an extensive production process consisting of several purification and three inactivation steps. During a follow up of about 20 000 vaccine recipients over a 7 year-period, no known occurrence of AIDS or other infectious diseases have been associated with the vaccine. Also no known case of AIDS occurred in a group of 200 000 persons at low risk vaccinated since 1981. The hepatitis B vaccine is highly recommended to all people at high risk in Western Germany by the health organizations as well as the WHO.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B vaccination: the danger of AIDS transmission]. 673 Jun 10

The widely used hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines consist of the small hepatitis B surface (SHBs) protein produced in transfected yeast cells. The frequency of non-responders, especially among immunocompromised patients, has increased the demand for a more immunogenic vaccine. We evaluated the immunogenicity of recombinant HBs 20 nm particles secreted by transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, Bio-Hep-B (BioTechnology General Ltd, Israel), and compared it with yeast-derived vaccines. The CHO-derived vaccine contains the small hepatitis B surface antigen (SHBs protein) as the major component, as well as the middle HBs (MHBs, pre-S2) and the large HBs (LHBs, pre-S1) antigens. Nine groups of ten female Balb/c mice, 4-6 weeks old, were injected once intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.09, 0.27 or 0.81 micrograms of each of three vaccines: Bio-Hep-B or two conventional yeast-derived recombinant vaccines, Engerix-B (SmithKline Beecham, Belgium) and H-B-Vax II (Merck, Sharp & Dohme, USA) containing only non-glycosylated SHBs antigen. After 30 days, 40% of the mice injected with 0.09 microgram Bio-Hep-B had seroconverted, but none of the mice receiving the same dose of the other vaccines. The immunogenic dose in 50% of the mice at day 14 after injection was 0.13 microgram for Bio-Hep-B, but over 0.81 microgram for the other two vaccines. Mice of the strain B10/M (which are unresponsive to SHBs and MHBs antigens at the T-cell level) developed 100-fold higher anti-HBs titres after immunization with 1 microgram of Bio-Hep-B i.p., as compared with mice receiving the same amount of yeast-derived HBsAg vaccines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Improved immunogenicity in mice of a mammalian cell-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine containing pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens as compared with conventional yeast-derived vaccines. 753 67

The antibody response of immunosuppressed heart transplant recipients to vaccination with the hepatitis B (HB) virus vaccine Hepa Gene 3 (HG-3), containing HB virus pre-S1, pre-S2, and S gene products, was examined. Three heart transplant recipients who had been vaccinated preoperatively against HB responded well to the vaccination. Five of 38 patients (13.2%) vaccinated postoperatively before HG-3 vaccination with the second-generation vaccine Gen-H-B-Vax-D (37 without and 1 with detectable anti-HBs response) and 3 of 24 (12.5%) without previous HB vaccination developed protective anti-HBs titers (greater than 10 U/l) after immunization with the HG-3 vaccine. The low response rate (8/62, 12.9%) found for postoperatively vaccinated patients indicates that heart transplant recipients should be vaccinated against HB before immunosuppressive medication.
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PMID:Hepatitis B vaccination of immunosuppressed heart transplant recipients with the vaccine Hepa Gene 3 containing pre-S1, pre-S2, and S gene products. 808 68

The results of hepatitis B vaccination (H-B-VAX, 1 ml = 20 micrograms HBsAg, scheme 0, 1, 6) in nine susceptible health care workers of hemodialysis unit are described. Seroconversion was achieved in 100% of recipients. The mean titer of anti-HBs was 11,691 mIU/ml at three years, 5,879 mIU/ml at four years and 2,770 mIU/ml at five years after the beginning of vaccination. H-B-VAX vaccine (first dose 40 micrograms HBsAg, second and third = 20 micrograms) was administered in three patients on hemodialysis (scheme 0, 1, 2). In all of these patients, seroconversion occurred (titers of anti-HBs from 23 to 104 mIU/ml). Of the 55 workers of dental units, nine (16.4%) showed signs of previous HBV infection. Twenty were vaccinated with H-B-VAX vaccine (scheme 0, 1, 2) and of these patients one (5%) was nonresponder, two (10%) poor responders, 13 (65%) good responders and four (20%) excellent responders, with the mean anti-HBs titer of 1,540 mIU/ml. Seven dental workers received recombinant vaccine also using a scheme 0, 1, 2. Four (57%) of these workers were poor responders, and three (43%) good responders, with the mean anti-Hbs titer of 168 mIU/ml. All of our vaccinated subjects had no serious side effects except local soreness at the injection site. Thus, vaccination against hepatitis B in health care personnel and other high-risk patients may control efficiently the spread of HBV infection.
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PMID:[Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in individuals at high risk in the Cakovec Medical Center]. 823 23

Personnel (1856 subjects) belonging to local health units (medical and paramedical staff) that have been vaccinated since 1984 against hepatitis B virus (HBV) with HBsAg plasma purified preparations (Hevac-B and H-B-Vax) or recombinant DNA preparation (Engerix-B) were followed in plasma anti-HBs antibody levels. At the end of the protocols, different seroconversion percentages and different anti-HBs levels were reached: the best results were obtained with Engerix-B. Sex and principally age influenced the antibody production: women generally reached highest protective antibody levels and the 21-30 year group was more responsive than other groups. The injection of a supplementary 4th or 5th dose in low or non-responders could restore the specific immunity in the majority of the subjects and increase the anti-HBs level. The time course after the immunization of antibody levels depended on the level reached at the end of vaccination schedule. These data suggest that different antibody level monitorings of vaccinated subjects, planned on the basis of the antibody level reached at the end of vaccination, could prevent a loss of protection against the HBV infection.
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PMID:Biological parameters influencing the immunological response to plasma derived and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines. 902 59

The immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine is unknown for patients with chronic hepatitis C, although hepatitis B vaccination is highly recommended in these patients. We therefore studied in a prospective open trial of 59 patients with chronic hepatitis C (mean age 42 years, hepatitis C for >10 years, Child-Pugh score < or = 5) and 58 healthy hospital staff persons the rate of nonresponse (anti-HBs <10 mIU/mL at 9 months) to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Gen H-B-Vax(R),10 microg intradeltoidal at month 0, 1, and 6). Nonresponse was observed in 18/59 (31%) patients with chronic hepatitis C and 5/58 (9%) healthy staff persons (P <.005) (vs. 7% in historical controls; P <.005), low response (anti-HBs 10-99 mIU/mL) in 19% of patients with chronic hepatitis C and 17% of staff persons. High-dose booster vaccination led to seroconversion in 12/15 (80%) of primary nonresponders. Primary nonresponse to HB vaccine was related neither to presence of early-stage liver cirrhosis nor magnitude of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA concentration, nor explained by the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types (B8 DR3, B44, DR7, DQ2) predisposing to low antibody response to hepatitis B surface antigen. The rate of primary nonresponse to the standard regimen of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is surprisingly high in patients with longstanding chronic hepatitis C. Therefore, the antibody to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) titer response should be determined in these patients. Depending on the response titer, higher booster doses may be required to achieve and maintain seroprotection in these patients.
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PMID:Decreased immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in chronic hepatitis C. 1096 Feb 83


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