Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical trials have shown the safety and efficacy of Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, but it is well known that host and immunization factors can affect the response to HB vaccine. In order to assess the importance of some of these factors we evaluated the immune response of 86 health care workers who received three doses of H-B-Vax intramuscularly (deltoid), at days 0, 30 and 180. Serum samples were taken after each dose and anti-HBs antibodies were determined by quantitative radioimmunoassay. The results showed that males had a diminished immune response to the first dose of HB vaccine (31.7% x 53.3%, p < 0.05) and had geometric mean titers (GMT) of anti-HBs lower than females at the end of the vaccination program (2109.4 x 2453.8, p > 0.05). Smokers had a lower rate of seroconversion after the first dose (29.7% x 53.1%, p < 0.05) and reached lower GMT (2015.2 x 2453.8, p > 0.05) than non-smokers. There were no statistically significant differences between individuals younger or older than 35 years old, in either immunological response of level of anti-HBs.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the immunological response to hepatitis B vaccine in health care professionals]. 130 59

The authors developed a comparative study of the various methods of assessment of immune response to Hepatitis B vaccine. Eighty-six health care professionals underwent a vaccination programme with three doses of plasma-derived vaccine against Hepatitis B (H-B-Vax, Merck, Sharp & Dohme) given intramuscularly. Assessment of immune response was carried out three months after the end of the programme, by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The results showed that the semi-quantitative assessment of Anti-HBs antibodies by RIA or EIA was perfectly comparable to the reference method (quantitative determination of antibodies by RIA). In view of these findings, the authors suggest a standardization of assessment of immune response to the vaccine, thus permitting correct planning of booster doses and easier comparison between different studies.
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PMID:Hepatitis B vaccine--proposal for a standardized assessment of immune response. 134 27

Some 86 heart transplant recipients under immunosuppressive therapy were vaccinated against hepatitis B using the vaccine Gen H-B-Vax-D, but 95.3% failed to develop protective levels of HBs-specific antibody (more than 10 U/l) after the third vaccination.
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PMID:Failure of vaccination against hepatitis B with Gen H-B-Vax-D in immunosuppressed heart transplant recipients. 139 27

Following the demonstration of a fully satisfactory immunogenic activity of a hepatitis B vaccination protocol consisting of three doses of Hevac B Pasteur vaccine given at 3,5 and 11 months of age, it was possible to administer this vaccine at the same times as the vaccinations for diphtheria, tetanus and polio which are mandatory in Italy at those ages. We have also shown that both another plasma-derived vaccine, H-B-VAX (MSD), as well as the DNA-recombinant Engerix B (SK&F) are highly immunogenic when given at the same times as the mandatory childhood vaccinations. In this paper we demonstrate that the same schedule can be used for another hepatitis B vaccine prepared by a DNA-recombinant technique, Recombivax HB (MSD) recently introduced in Italy. In fact two doses of this vaccine, the first given at three months of age and the second two months later, resulted in a 100% seroconversion rate and a mean anti-HBs titre of 440 mUI/ml. Although the date are incomplete since the third dose will be given at 11 months of age, we conclude that this hepatitis B vaccine can also be used in the mass vaccination campaigns of infants in Italy, the first of which was initiated in January 1987 in an hyperendemic area near Naples (HBsAg prevalence about 14%). We underline that this mass vaccination campaign is the first in Europe.
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PMID:A modified immunisation schedule for the hepatitis B vaccine Recombivax HB suitable for mass vaccination in childhood. 183 84

The institutionalized population and staff in a centre for the mentally retarded were tested retrospectively, and 1.6% hepatitis Bs antigen and 0.6% hepatitis Be antigen carriers were found among persons with mental retardation. The 40 subjects, residents and staff, with most risk of acquiring hepatitis B were given vaccination. The immunogenicity of the H-B-Vax vaccine was followed up prospectively and, in 7.5% of the vaccinated persons, even re-vaccination gave an unsatisfactory result.
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PMID:Hepatitis B carriers in a centre for the mentally retarded in Finland and immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine. 214 93

A group of 201 hepatitis B virus (HBV) sero-negative children 1-12 years of age received either three 2 micrograms doses of Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) or Smith Kline and French (SKF) recombinant DNA (rDNA) hepatitis B vaccine I.M. at monthly intervals. Each recipient was tested 4-6 weeks later for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Ninety-six 4-5-year-old children, given 2 micrograms doses of a plasma-derived vaccine (MSD, H-B-Vax) I.M. at 0, 1, 2 months, were tested at the same time with the same assays for comparison. Anti-HBs responses and geometric mean titres (GMT) were significantly higher with the MSDrDNA vaccine (96% and 338.9 IU/liter) than with the SKF/r DNA vaccine (82.3% and 69.4 IU/liter). We conclude that for the protection of young children, 2 micrograms doses of the MSD rDNA hepatitis B vaccine may be used under similar circumstances in which 2 micrograms of the MSD plasma-derived vaccine was used. Further studies are needed before the other rDNA hepatitis B vaccine may be used in lower than the 10 micrograms dose recommended in children.
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PMID:Comparison of the immunogenicity of reduced doses of two recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccines in New Zealand children. 252 49

The immunising effect of three reduced doses of Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) H-B Vax plasma derived vaccine delivered at monthly intervals was evaluated in 1225 four year old children. Eighteen children had evidence of previous or current infection with HBV. Of the remaining 1207 children, 1186 (98.3%) had antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) when tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Levels of anti-HBs in 96 randomly selected sera were independently quantitated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and all were positive for anti-HBs, with a geometric mean titre of 1013. There was no significant difference in seroconversion or anti-HBs levels between the groups of children nationwide. In 19 of the 39 centres, seroconversion was 100%. No centre had less than 92% seroconversion. This study confirms that three 2 microgram doses of MSD H-B Vax plasma derived vaccine given intramuscularly (IM) at monthly intervals are highly immunogenic in this paediatric population.
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PMID:Mass vaccination against hepatitis B in preschool children: immunogenicity after three reduced doses. 252 46

Hepatitis B remains a significant risk to patients and staff members of hemodialysis unit. Prior to immunization, 38 hemodialysis patients and 24 staff members were screened for HBs antigen, HBc antibodies and HBs antibodies using ELISA method (Abbott). Of 18 (47%) patients, five were chronic carriers of HBsAg and 13 had anti-HBs and anti-HBc while anti-HBs and anti-HBc were found in four (17%) members of medical staff. A total of 20 (53%) susceptible patients (mean 51.2 years) and 19 (79%) susceptible staff members (mean 28.1 years) received hepatitis B vaccine (H-B-VAX, Merck, Sharp and Dohme). Between patients were four (20%) non-responders and seven (35%) low-responders while among medical staff were two (10.5%) non-responders and one (5.2%) low responder only. The geometric mean titer of anti-HBs was 724 IU/L in patients and 3407 IU/L in staff members. Non-responders (5 of 6) who were given a fourth vaccine dose also failed to mount an antibody response. In none of vaccinated patients antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) occurred in their sera three and six months after complete vaccination. Consideration should be given to a prevaccinal screening of presumptive vaccinees between patients and staff members of hemodialysis units because of high level of preexisting HBV infection among them. The data suggest a high non-responder and low-responder rate in vaccinated hemodialysis patients and serial surveillance for anti-HBs is warranted especially in persons aged over 40 years. Additional booster dose or some doses of HB vaccine should be given to low-responders and they should be retested thereafter. Non-responders still remain the unresolved problem.
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PMID:[Results of vaccination with the hepatitis B vaccine in patients and personnel at the Hemodialysis Center in Karlovac]. 253 1

59 children, born to mothers--carriers of HBsAg were immunized with hepatitis B vaccine (Gen HB-VAX) and hepatic B immunoglobulin (H-BIG) during 1988 in the municipality of Pleven. The results showed that GEN H-B-VAX possessed high immunological and epidemiological effect, manifested by the presence of anti-HBs in all examined children one month after conclusion of immunization. No diseases due to virus hepatitis B as well as persisting antigenemia were observed during the indicated 7-month period. Simultaneously there were one case with virus hepatitis B and 6 cases with persisting antigenemia in the control group of newborn infants.
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PMID:[The prevalence of the HBsAg carrier state among pregnant women and its effect on newborn infants. IV. Our experience in using hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin to immunize infants born to mothers who carry HBsAg]. 263 42

The immunogenicity and efficacy of different commercially available vaccines against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been demonstrated in a number of controlled vaccination trials throughout the world. However, the significance of pre-S proteins in hepatitis B vaccines is still controversially discussed. Therefore, a radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed to detect pre-S proteins in HBsAg-carriers as well as in different hepatitis B vaccines. This study confirmed the high amount of pre-S proteins as well as poly-albumin receptors in purified Dane particles and sera of patients with acute hepatitis B. The currently available plasma derived vaccine H-B-Vax and the recombinant hepatitis B vaccines Gen H-B-Vax and Engerix B yielded negative results in pre-S- and poly-albumin-receptor-RIAs. The plasma derived vaccine Hevac B Pasteur included pre-S encoded proteins. Future vaccination trials in man have to evaluate the role of pre-S antigens and antibodies in the pathogenesis and the protection of hepatitis B infection including recombinant pre-S vaccines which are under development.
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PMID:[Detection of pre-S gene products in HBsAg carriers and in hepatitis B vaccines]. 285 93


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