Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-A, non-B hepatitis was transmitted to four colony-born chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation of human sera. Two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from a patient with a clinical and serological diagnosis of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis whose blood appeared to transmit this disease to a nurse following accidental needle-stick, and the other two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from either of two former blood-donors whose HBsAg-negative blood appeared to transmit clinically recognisable hepatitis, and who were found to have raised serum-aminotransferase levels 1 1/2 and 5 years later. Serum-aminotransferase levels rose in all four chimpanzees, beginning 2--4 weeks after inoculation: peak alanine-aminotransferase values were 210 to 328 I.U./l. Evidence of hepatitis was present in liver biopsy specimens from all four chimpanzees, beginning 8--10 weeks after inoculation. None showed serological evidence of infection with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus.
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PMID:Transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis from man to chimpanzee. 7 18

Twenty-two patients who had an episode of transfusion-associated hepatitis not positive for hepatitis B antigen were examined for development of antibody to heaptitis A and B antigens, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Antibody response to the 27-nm virus-like hepatitis A antigen was measured by immune electron microscopy. In none of the 22 patients studied did serologic evidence of infection with hepatitis A virus develop during the study period. Nine of the 22 patients had antibody responses to cytomegalovirus, but it was difficult to relate these seroconversions to their hepatitis. In addition, all 22 patients had pre-existing antibody to the Epstein-Barr virus. It seems likely that at least a proportion of such antigen-negative transfusion-associated hepatitis is caused by other infectious agents, not yet identified.
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PMID:Transfusion-associated hepatitis not due to viral hepatitis type A or B. 16 36

Viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation. Active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses was found in 35%, 24%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (+/- 1.5) months (except in one patient with chronic viremia), and was followed by chronic viruria. Higher titers of infectious cytomegalovirus were found in the polymorphonuclear than in the mononuclear leukocyte fraction. Reactivation of a latent infection and, less likely, respiratory infection appear to be the most probable mechanisms of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. One to three months after transplant, cytomegalovirus infection may be related to fever, arthralgia, pneumonitis, and leukopenia; three to four months after transplant, the virus may be related to hepatitis; and 12-30 months after transplant, it may be related to retinitis in patients with chronic viremia. Although other causes of these complications are possible, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, measles virus, adenovirus, hepatitis B virus, and Toxoplasma gondii appear to be of lesser importance than cytomegalovirus in this respect.
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PMID:Epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation and immunosuppression. 17 15

Eleven of 40 patients in a hemodialysis unit had clinical or biochemical evidence of hepatitis during a five-week period. The clinical disease was mild, being limited solely to dialysis patients. Epidemiologic investigation indicated that the incubation period was between 17 and 35 days and that 10 of 11 patients had been exposed to a single venous-pressure monitor before onset. Dried blood and evidence of blood reflux up the venous-pressure gauge suggested that cross-contamination of the blood of successive patients probably resulted in transmission of disease. No association with the hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-hepatitis B antibody was demonstrated, but 10 of the 11 patients with elevated transaminase levels had evidence of recent exposure, to Epstein-Barr virus as manifested either by Ox-cell hemolysin titers or rises in titers to viral capsid antigen.
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PMID:HBs-Ag-negative hepatitis in a hemodialysis unit: relation to Epstein-Barr virus. 17 73

Frequent occurrence of post-transfusion hepatitis continues despite screening for Australia antigen in blood before transfusion and elimination of commercial donor sources. The majority of these cases appears unrelated to hepatitis B virus. Preoperative, acute, and convalescent serra were screened for evidence of hepatitis B, hepatitis A, Epstein-Barr, and cytomegalovirus exposure in 34 cardiac surgery patients developing post-transfusion hepatitis postoperatively. Four patients showed evidence of hepatitis B infection and 3 patients developed significant antibody titer rises to cytomegalovirus. No patient showed evidence for acute hepatitis A infection postoperatively in response to blood transfusions. Epstein-Barr virus was also not responsible for any cases of post-transfusion hepatitis. Presently available laboratory methods failed to implicate hepatitis A, Epstein-Barr, or cytomegalo-virus in the majority of non-B post-transfusion hepatitis cases. This suggests that identification and characterization of additional hepatitis-producing agents will be required to define further the epidemiology of post-transfusion hepatitis and develop measures for its prevention.
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PMID:Etiological spectrum of post-transfusion hepatitis. 17

The discovery of virus-specific messenger RNA in virus-induced animal tumors has led to the search for messenger RNA in human tumors that can be hybridized with the DNA of known oncogenic viruses. Attention has focused on the adenoviruses, which have produced cancer in laboratory animals and are widespread in man, and on three papovaviruses that have been isolated in human disease and which are oncogenic in hamsters. In other research, the association between human infection with herpesivurs type 2, which is likewise oncogenic in hamsters, and invasive carcinoma of the cervix is being examined. An experimental vaccine is being developed, and nonhuman primate models are being studied as part of this work. Epstein-Barr virus is still another suspected agent of human malignancies, specifically Burkitt's lymphoma and postnasal carcinoma. High prevalence of antigen to hepatitis B virus has been seen to correlate with high incidence of primary liver cell carcinoma, and studies are attempting to elucidate the relationship.
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PMID:Human studies following models of tumorigenesis by DNA tumor viruses in animals. 20 90

Several studies have recently documented the presence of persistently abnormal liver function tests in asymptomatic haemophiliacs. While the aetiology is unknown it is possible that repeated exposure to agents transmitted in blood products may be important. This study has attempted to determine the prevalence of viral exposure and its relationship to liver function in this multitransfused group of individuals. The prevalence of viral antibodies with the exception of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) was normal when compared to that in the general population. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was not detected, but anti-HBs was found in 83% of patients; 50% of patients had abnormal liver function. However, liver function tests were normal in all patients with mild haemophilia and were only rarely abnormal in patients who had no detectable antibody to CMV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and HBsAg. This study demonstrates that multiple transfusions of blood products, that is, cryoprecipitate and factor concentrates, do not increase the risk of exposure to the viruses studied with the exception of hepatitis B virus.
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PMID:Viral exposure and abnormal liver function in haemophilia. 22 50

The etiology of 72 episodes of liver disease that developed in 62 of 162 renal-transplant recipients was evaluated. Infection with hepatitis B virus was a minor problem, and none of our patients had evidence of infection with hepatitis A. Cytomegalovirus infection was ubiquitous in the population and probably accounted for many episodes of acute liver disease. This agent's role in causing chronic hepatitis is less secure. Infections with other viruses including Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and the herpes viruses were only rarely associated with hepatic disease. Azathioprine was responsible for some episodes of acute cholestasis but could not be incriminated as a direct cause of chronic disease. A cause could be identified for the majority of episodes of acute hepatic dysfunction, but the cause of most of the chronic hepatitis remains undetermined. It is likely that infection with non-A, non-B hepatitis virus accounts for much of this serious, often fatal, complication of renal transplantation.
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PMID:Etiology of liver disease in renal-transplant patients. 22 42

The frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been studied in 149 polytransfused thalassaemic patients and in healthy controls. Evidence for EBV infection was based on the detection of antibodies to viral capsid antigen (anti-VCA) and for HBV infection on the detection of either hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). The frequency of anti-VCA was not significantly higher in the patients (16.4%) compared to the controls (69.8%) whereas HBV infection was more frequently observed in the patients (91.3%) than in the controls (17.3%). There was also no evidence of repeated infection or recent infection with EBV in the polytransfused patients. These data suggest that transfusion of stored blood does not represent a significant factor of spread for EBV.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus infection in polytransfused patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia. 23 Jun 39

Non-A, non-B hepatitis was transmitted to seven of nine participants in a red blood cell-stimulation program following transfusion of blood from one asymptomatic donor. Five of the seven patients had clinical as well as biochemical evidence of infection, and three of these five were icteric. Incubation periods for the clinical cases ranged from 28 to 50 days, and duration of illness was from two to eight weeks. None of the seven patients showed serologic evidence of acute infection or reinfection with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus. Viremia persisted in the donor for at least 34 days, since non-A, non-B hepatitis was transmitted to program participants during that period.
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PMID:Non-A, non-B hepatitis among participants in a plasmapheresis stimulation program. 44 90


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