Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A gene region encoding a segment of the major surface protein, HBsAg, of hepatitis B virus was analyzed from serum samples after orthotopic liver transplantation of three hepatitis B virus chronic carrier patients treated with a human anti-hepatitis B virus monoclonal antibody (SDZ OST 577). Each of these three patients became HBsAg negative after transplantation and therapy with the human anti-hepatitis B virus monoclonal antibody but returned to HBsAg positivity (first detected 143,251 and 252 days after the transplantation). Polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification was performed on DNA from serum samples showing low levels of recurrent HBsAg and reduced antigen reactivity with SDZ OST 577 antibody. Polymerase chain reaction DNA included a 230-bp highly conserved, major S gene region that was cloned into M13 bacteriophage; analysis of this DNA segment provided a consensus of DNA sequences for the serum samples exhibiting altered reactivity with the therapeutic monoclonal. Analysis of independent DNA clones from serum samples of patients exhibiting low but detectable recurrent serum levels of posttherapy HBsAg revealed the presence of S protein variant sequences when compared with polymerase chain reaction DNA derived from the original infected liver or pretherapy serum HBsAg. Genetic variation was predominant in a highly conserved peptide domain that has previously been implicated in antibody binding and neutralizing antibody epitopes. In independent patients infected with either adw or ayw hepatitis B virus subtypes, single nucleotide changes resulted in one to two amino acid differences for each variant allele (residues 124, 129, 131, 137, 140 and/or 145) when compared with pretherapy viral DNA. Administration of serum containing one of these variant viruses to a single hepatitis B-naive chimpanzee resulted in subclinical hepatitis and detectable levels of circulating anti-HBs and anti-HBc antibodies 49 and 70 days after virus administration, respectively. Hepatitis B virus DNA was recovered on liver biopsy between 6 and 8 wk after inoculation, although the animal remained persistently seronegative for HBsAg. DNA sequence analysis of both primate and patient liver hepatitis B virus confirmed the presence of the DNA encoding the S protein variant and associates this DNA with the predominant hepatotropic virus in liver infection.
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PMID:Genetic alterations in the gene encoding the major HBsAg: DNA and immunological analysis of recurrent HBsAg derived from monoclonal antibody-treated liver transplant patients. 156 15

The abuse by injection of heroin or other drugs has long been associated with liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other viruses. Increasingly severe hepatic and virological complications of parenteral drug abuse have been reported due to infection with new viruses or concomitant alcohol abuse. The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) can replicate and cause liver infection only in the presence of HBV; such infection in HBV carriers may cause rapidly progressive and clinically significant liver disease. Liver cirrhosis is frequently detected in parenteral drug abusers who have chronic infection with both HBV and HDV or who also abuse alcohol. More than one quarter of those persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States of America are homosexual or heterosexual males who are parenteral drug abusers. Existing evidence implicates parenteral drug abusers in the spread of hepatitis viruses and the retrovirus associated with AIDS to the general population. To cope with these serious problems the authors suggest that more intensive international co-operation is needed, particularly with a view to promoting data collection, research and the exchange of knowledge and experience on measures that have been effective in dealing with parenteral drug abuse and its complications.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infection with hepatitis viruses in individuals abusing drugs by injection. 377 78

As a result of early basic biomedical research, the hepatitis B virus has become the best understood cause of viral liver infection in man. The virus has a unique antigenic structure and elicits specific antibody responses. A proper understanding of the serologic events during infection is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. Only 50 percent of infected individuals manifest clinical signs of disease, but 5 to 10 percent develop either a chronic asymptomatic antigen carrier state or chronic hepatitis. Some patients progress to cirrhosis and possibly to primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Hepatitis B viral infection: part I. Clinical features. 628 84

Interferon is presently the treatment of chronic liver infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. Major advances have been made in the field of hepatitis B virus with interferon, which is able to clear viral replication in 30 to 40% of the cases. Interferon is also efficient in the treatment of hepatitis C chronic infections, normalizing transaminase activity in 60 to 70% of the patients, but a relapse is observed after interruption of treatment, and a sustained remission is obtained in only 20% of the cases. These results demonstrate the need for further clinical research to elucidate the precise indications of this treatment.
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PMID:[Cytokines and hepatitis]. 768 35

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) produces chronic persistent liver infection in 1-2% of the U.S. population and is the leading cause of end stage liver disease in patients presenting for liver transplantation at our center. Efforts to cure persistent HCV infection are frequently unsuccessful, so the development of a HCV vaccine is a high priority. HCV envelope proteins are hypervariable so production of a recombinant surface antigen vaccine such as is available for hepatitis B is not likely to confer widespread, high level protective immunity. As the most highly conserved structural protein in the HCV genome, the core protein is one reasonable target for vaccine production. Presented here are data on the manufacture of recombinant core protein containing partial carboxy terminus deletions in an effort to increase the efficiency of core expression. The maltose binding protein (MBP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein prokaryotic expression systems were used to study two different constructs, expressing the first 140 and 163 amino acids of the core region. Deletion of the 23 amino acids (aa) from aa141-163 led to a marked increase in the efficiency of protein production from < 1 to 3-4 mg/liter for both systems studied. Protein purification was accomplished using affinity chromatography (MBP) or inclusion body isolation (GST) as determined by SDS-PAGE gels and immunotransblot with HCV core protein-specific monoclonal antibody. Finally, the immune response to recombinant protein was assessed in BALB/c mice using a MBP HCV core fusion protein and an ELISA developed using GST HCV core protein as a target. In all mice of this strain, serum anti-HCV core antibody titer increased to 10(-4), two logs above background, following immunization in conjunction with Freund's complete adjuvant. These results represent an encouraging first step toward production of a core protein vaccine. Recombinant core protein is a useful tool to study the immune response to core protein and may be useful to further study the epidemiology and biology of the HCV virus.
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PMID:High efficiency prokaryotic expression and purification of a portion of the hepatitis C core protein and analysis of the immune response to recombinant protein in BALB/c mice. 882 96

Five patients with acral chilblains and lupus anticoagulant activity revealed by coagulation analysis are reported. Three patients suffered a systemic lupus erythematosus, and two of them a completely developed antiphospholipid syndrome as well. Another case had chronic cutaneous lupus with only facial discoid lesions, and in the last one the lupus anticoagulant was likely related to a chronic liver infection of hepatitis B virus because she had not erythematous lupus. There are few dermatologic references about chilblain associated to lupus anticoagulant. Certain evidences suggest a pathogenic relation of this findings.
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PMID:[Perniosis and lupus anticoagulant]. 894 39

Two human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) generated in the Trimera mouse system are described. Both mAbs 17.1.41 and 19.79.5 are of the IgG1 isotype and have high affinity constants for HBsAg binding in the range of 10(-10) mol/L. Monoclonal antibody 17.1.41 recognizes a conformational epitope on the a determinant of HBsAg whereas mAb 19.79.5 recognizes a linear one. The 2 mAbs bind to a panel of hepatitis B virus (HBV) subtypes with distinct patterns. The neutralizing activity of these antibodies was tested in 2 different animal model systems. Administration of each mAb to HBV-Trimera mice, a system that provides a mouse model for human hepatitis B infection, reduced the viral load and the percentage of HBV-DNA-positive mice in a dose-dependent manner. These 2 mAbs were more effective than a polyclonal antibody preparation (Hepatect; Biotest Pharma, Dreieich, Germany) in both inhibition of HBV liver infection and reduction of viral load. A single administration of a mixture of these mAbs into HBV chronic carrier chimpanzees resulted in immediate reduction in HBsAg levels followed by recurrence to initial levels within few days. Thus, these mAbs may be potential candidates for preventive therapy or in combination with other antiviral agents against HBV. Further studies in humans are needed to assess these mAbs in various clinical indications.
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PMID:Preclinical evaluation of two human anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoclonal antibodies in the HBV-trimera mouse model and in HBV chronic carrier chimpanzees. 1096 Apr 54

Patients who will receive chemotherapy require careful assessment of liver function prior to treatment to determine which drugs are not appropriate, and which drug need dose modification. Many medications, alcohol has their more or less hepatotoxic effect, so because of their immunocompromise state, some body are prone to liver infection, including viral hepatitis. Lamivudine is effective in treating hepatitis B reactivation during chemotherapy. Now, the increased use of high-dose regimens with bone marrow or stem-cell support has been shown the drugs toxicities complication more, which does not observed in with conventional doses. Clinical judgment and a high index of suspicion remain critical tool in preventing and treating hepatic manifestations of cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy]. 1280 46

Chronic liver infection and cancer in the western Pacific region is disproportionate to the population globally. This study provides the first nationwide estimates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence in Cambodia among children five year of age. Using a simple and rapid test for HBsAg and multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design, we estimated HBsAg seroprevalence to be 3.5% (95% confidence interval = 2.4-4.8%) among five-year old children. Triangulating the results with other studies, we demonstrate the importance of interrupting perinatal transmission and one-time catch-up vaccination of older children born before nationwide introduction of vaccination for effective hepatitis B control in Cambodia and for reaching the disease control goal of less than 2% chronic infection rates among children > or = 5 years of age. The results demonstrate the feasibility of conducting nationwide serosurveys using simple and rapid tests to evaluate the impact of hepatitis B vaccination programs in lieu of standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
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PMID:Results from nationwide hepatitis B serosurvey in Cambodia using simple and rapid laboratory test: implications for National Immunization Program. 1963 79

Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is a major global health problem. HBV is the most common serious viral infection and a leading cause of death in mainland China. Around 130 million people in China are carriers of HBV, almost a third of the people infected with HBV worldwide and about 10% of the general population in the country; among them 30 million are chronically infected. Every year, 300,000 people die from HBV-related diseases in China, accounting for 40-50% of HBV-related deaths worldwide. Despite an effective vaccination program for newborn babies since the 1990s, which has reduced chronic HBV infection in children, the incidence of hepatitis B is still increasing in China. We propose a mathematical model to understand the transmission dynamics and prevalence of HBV infection in China. Based on the data reported by the Ministry of Health of China, the model provides an approximate estimate of the basic reproduction number R(0)=2.406. This indicates that hepatitis B is endemic in China and is approaching its equilibrium with the current immunization program and control measures. Although China made a great progress in increasing coverage among infants with hepatitis B vaccine, it has a long and hard battle to fight in order to significantly reduce the incidence and eventually eradicate the virus.
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PMID:Modeling the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus in China. 2340 81


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