Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We measured thyrotropin receptor antibodies in serum obtained from 2 groups of patients participating in clinical trials of recombinant interferon-alpha 2b for viral hepatitis. Group I: Patients with hepatitis B (N = 8), received interferon 5 x 10(6) units thrice weekly for 4 months. Group II: Patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis (N = 16) were randomized to receive interferon in a dose of either 0.25 x 10(6) or 3 x 10(6) U thrice weekly for 6 months and then crossed over to receive the other dosage schedule for a further 6 months. None of the patients developed thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotropin receptor antibody activity was detectable within the "normal range" (less than 10 U/l) in 6 patients prior to treatment. In Group I, thyrotropin receptor antibodies became detectable in 6 patients on treatment, in 4 of whom it was 10 U/l. In Group II, thyrotropin receptor antibody activity was unchanged on low-dose interferon, but on the higher dose became detectable in 9 patients, in 7 of whom it was greater than 10 U/l. We conclude that treatment with interferon is associated with the development of thyrotropin receptor antibodies in a large proportion of patients. It is possible that in some patients treated with higher doses of interferon the increase in thyrotropin receptor antibody activity may be sufficient to induce hyperthyroidism.
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PMID:Thyrotropin receptor antibodies following treatment with recombinant alpha-interferon in patients with hepatitis. 175 38

The behaviour of drug addicts and alcoholics leads to the cooperation of risk factors concerning the development of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The authors evaluate the prevalence of infections from B, C and Delta virus among a group of 40 intravenous drug users and 40 alcoholics affering to a territorial centre for drug dependence located in Valtellina (Italy). The prevalence of at least one serum marker of virus B, C or Delta hepatitis results to be 85% among drug addicts and 17% among alcoholics. The prevalence of Anti-HCV in alcoholics results to be much lower than found in former works. For what concerns the hepatitis B virus, 68% of the drug addicts and 10% of the alcoholics had at least one positive serum marker. The hepatitis B seronegative patients underwent vaccination with a recombinant-DNA vaccine. Those affected by chronic C hepatitis have been treated with alpha-recombinant interferon. All of the patients underwent health education, psychotherapy and drug-addiction therapy for a period of 8 months. These strategies in prevention and therapy aim to the reduction over the years of the incidence of chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma among intravenous drug users and alcoholics.
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PMID:[Prevalence of liver damage in alcoholics and drug addicts]. 176 28

Seventeen patients with chronic hepatitis B were treated with a 4-week administration of glycyrrhizin followed by a 4-week treatment with human lymphoblastoid interferon, then followed for 6 months after the end of treatment. All were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and hepatitis B virus-associated DNA polymerase (DNA-p) for at least 6 months before entry. All patients were Japanese and none of them were homosexuals. Eleven patients lost DNA-p activity and 10 of them lost HBeAg. Three of these 10 patients had antibody to HBeAg. In 10 patients who became HBeAg-negative, alanine aminotransferase levels after glycyrrhizin administration were higher and initial DNA-p activities relatively lower than the levels found in seven patients who remained HBeAg-positive. The immunomodulator provided by a short course of glycyrrhizin before administration of human lymphoblastoid interferon may be an effective treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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PMID:Glycyrrhizin withdrawal followed by human lymphoblastoid interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. 176 47

Two patients with chronic Hepatitis B virus infection were treated with recombinant alpha-interferon. A positive response with seroconversion from HbeAg to Anti HBe and loss of HBsAg and appearance of Anti-HBs was obtained in one patient. Clinical characteristics and factors that may influence the response are discussed in the light of a review of the literature.
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PMID:[Antiviral therapy with recombinant alpha-interferon in chronic B virus hepatitis]. 177 89

Since the hepatitis B virus is noncytopathic, it is generally believed that the individual specific immune response determines the course of infection. The lack of data about hepatitis B virus-specific T-cell reactions in acute infection led us to investigate the specific cellular immune response of infected individuals in terms of proliferation, and gamma-interferon and lymphotoxin production. Our results demonstrate that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B respond weakly to HBsAg. In contrast, patients with acute hepatitis show a vigorous response to the nucleocapsid antigen (HBcAg) in terms of proliferation and lymphokine production, while only few chronic virus carriers gave a proliferative response. Either of the antigens could activate lymphocytes to produce gamma-interferon and lymphotoxin, cytokines which may modulate antiviral immune response.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus antigen-specific T-cell activation in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B. 180 24

A study was made of the therapeutic efficacy of human leukocytic interferon (HLI) and leikinferon in the treatment of HBV- and HDV-infection. 21 patients were placed under observation. Of these, 6 presented with lingering hepatitis B (HB), 8 with chronic HB, 1 was a HBsAg carrier, 4 had Grades I-IV, acute hepatic encephalopathy, and 2 acute hepatitis delta. 15 patients received leikinferon, 6 were given HLI for injections. Indications and schemes for the treatment with interferon preparations are provided as are the clinico-biochemical and serological criteria for estimating the efficacy of interferon therapy. In lingering and chronic forms of HB, leikinferon exerts a beneficial effect. It is not costly, thus enabling one to carry out continuous treatment in patients suffering from chronic forms. HLI may be recommended as an effective agent.
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PMID:[The treatment of different forms of B and delta hepatitis with interferon preparations]. 181 67

Chronic delta hepatitis is a severe disease with a rapidly progressive course for which currently no effective treatment exists. Treatment with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) can inhibit HDV replication and improve serum chemistries in a number of patients. Meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials using at least 5 MU/m2 of alpha-IFN t.i.w. for a minimum of 3 months showed that alpha-IFN had a statistically significant effect in normalizing ALT values during therapy at a p level of less than 0.001, with a 10.24 odds ratio and a 28.69% risk difference (Mantel-Haentzel-Peto chi 2 = 24.13) but had no significant effect on ALT activity after its discontinuation. From hitherto available results, it appears that the best treatment schedule is a 5 MU standard dose of alpha-IFN given daily (QD) or 9 MU t.i.w. for at least 1 year, which is associated with a remission of the disease in 50-70% of patients. A trial conducted in Greece showed that the mean duration of disease remission under alpha-IFN therapy was 3.8 months per year compared to 1.7 months per year of non-treatment (relative risk = 2.8). Unlike hepatitis B, no factors predictive of the response to alpha-IFN therapy have been identified except, perhaps, for the duration of the disease. No adjuvants have been found to enhance the efficacy of alpha-IFN treatment and no therapeutic alternatives are available at present. Advances in understanding HDV replication and the pathogenetic mechanisms in chronic delta hepatitis may bring about significant improvement in its therapy in the future.
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PMID:Use of alpha-interferon in the treatment of chronic delta hepatitis. 183 31

Since demonstration of causative relationship of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, nation-wide preventive measures have made remarkable progress in Japan. This will contribute to minimizing the probability to create new sources for HBV infection resulting in reduction of the incidence with liver cirrhosis and HCC due to HBV infection in the next generation. Currently, however, HCC not due to HBV increased twice in the pastdecade up to three quarters of total HCC cases and 30-40% of them had previous history of blood transfusion. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody test revealed that at least three quarters of them are due to HCV infection. Seroepidemiological studies demonstrated that transmission route of HCV in mainly blood borne horizontal infection and partly by sexual contact. Transfusion of blood or blood products is major route in Japan. Elimination of HCV infected blood for blood transfusion and improvement of sanitary condition especially in health care system will be most effective counter measures for prevention of HCV infection. Antiviral therapy specially with interferon will be the most promising measure to intervene clinical progression of HCV infected cases to HCV related liver cirrhosis or HCC.
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PMID:[Breakthrough in human hepatocellular carcinogenesis--from hepatitis B virus to hepatitis C virus]. 184 17

Chronic hepatitis may take the form of a hepatitis B infection, a delta virus infection, or a non-A, non-B hepatitis including hepatitis C. All the viruses involved are transmitted predominantly by parenteral or sexual routes. New insights into the structure of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the immune response mechanisms of the organism permit a clear definition of the replicative state of the virus, and allow predictions to be made about the outcome of the disease. Development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the major complications associated with impaired life expectancy. Recently, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was identified as the agent responsible for most cases of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. The development of an assay for the detection of HCV-antibodies facilitated the diagnosis of this type of hepatitis. Moreover, the use of screening tests for hepatitis B and hepatitis C in blood donors will decrease the risk of acquiring hepatitis via contaminated blood products. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C with alpha-interferon has shown promising results. However, the dosage schedule, the period of treatment, and the selection of patients needs to be evaluated in further studies.
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PMID:Epidemiology, clinical course and treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. 185 Nov 29

A 54-year-old man with chronic B hepatitis was treated with interferon alfa. Despite resolution of the hepatitis B viral infection, he experienced severe jaundice, ascites, and encephalopathy. Further work-up showed hyperglobulinemia, chiefly immunoglobulin G, and positive smooth muscle and anti-nuclear antibodies. Because of these "autoimmune" features, the patient was treated with prednisone. One month later, a significant clinical and biochemical improvement was observed. A possible autoimmune mechanism induced by interferon alfa is proposed as the cause for the perpetuation of the necroinflammatory activity.
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PMID:Interferon-induced chronic active hepatitis? 186 Jun 46


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