Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The responsibility of the physician for viral infections in pregnancy has changed dramatically in the last 15 years. Genital herpes infections have become much more frequent, and the recognition of these infections in women near term is particularly important. Cytomegaloviruses have been found to be the most commom cause of congenital infection, but no satisfactory methods are available for prevention or treatment. Varicella is now recognized as a teratogen when infection occurs in the first 4 months of pregnancy. It can also cause severe generalized disease in the newborn when infection takes place in the last few days of gestation. Hepatitis B infections are becoming more frequent in many populations, and this virus can transmit to the child, particularly when maternal infection occurs in the last trimester. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus has been found to be a teratogen. This must be considered in southern states such as Florida and Texas, as well as in Central and South America. Rubella, fortunately appears to be coming under control with the intensive use of serodiagnosis and vaccines in the United States.
 ...
PMID:Viral infections in pregnancy. 20 10

The treatment of systemic vasculitides has changed during the past ten years from a uniform immunosuppressive regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone to a stage- and activity-adapted, more differentiated immunosuppressive and immunomodulating therapy. Due to the low incidence of these diseases, the assessment of these regimens by prospective, randomized, controlled trials has only been enabled through multicenter cooperation. In primary systemic vasculitides of small- or medium-sized vessels induction of remission therapy comprises methotrexate in early generalized disease without significant renal insufficiency, cyclophosphamide in full-blown generalized disease and additional plasma exchanges in cases of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis if oliguric, each in conjunction with oral prednisolone. After achievement of remission patients are switched to a less potent maintenance of remission therapy with better long-term tolerability, such as azathioprine. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay for large vessel vasculitides, supplemented by azathioprine or methotrexate in cases of critical organ perfusion or demand for high steroid doses. Therapy for secondary vasculitides relies essentially on the treatment of the underlying disease, which means virus elimination in cases of hepatitis B or C associated vasculitides. Immunosuppression in these diseases is reserved for organ- or life-threatening manifestations only.
 ...
PMID:[Therapy of primary systemic vasculitis]. 1468 97