Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nucleocapsid of Dane particles (= hepatitis B core antigen; HBcAg) was isolated from human sera either positive or negative for e-antigen (HBeAg)--an apparent marker for the level of infectious hepatitis B virus in serum. HBcAg from the HBeAg-positive serum pool consisted of two distinct populations of particles, one with a buoyant density (d) of 1.358 g/ml and a sedimentation coefficient (S20, w) of approximately 110, and another with d = 1.25 to 1.30 g/ml and S20, w approximately 70. Only the latter type of particles was isolated from an HBeAg-negative serum pool. HBcAg was labelled with 125I-p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, dissociated and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One major and one minor polypeptide with apparent mol. wt. of 16000 +/- 500 and 68000, respectively, were detected. Another component have the properties of a glycolipid with a mol. wt. in the order of 10(3) was observed. After isoelectric focusing, HBcAg was recovered in fractions with a pH between 4.0 and 5.8, suggesting heterogeneity in isoelectric points.
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PMID:Some properties of hepatitis B core antigen isolated from serum of infected humans. 7 70

An immune Indian ink micro-agglutination method has been evolved for the detection of an antigen present in the blood associated with infectious hepatitis (called IHxAg). In previous studies 86% of serum samples taken from children with hepatitis A proved to be positive by this technique. Present studies were related to 239 adult in-patients with a clinical diagnosis of hepatitis A (123 cases) or hepatitis B (116 cases). Blood samples taken serially during the illness were tested for IHxAg, HBsAg and anti-HBsAg. The results were in accordance with the clinical diagnosis in 60% in contradiction in 30%, whilst all tests brought negative results in 10%. The clinical laboratory findings (SGPT, thymol turbidity) were more in harmony with our laboratory results than with the clinical diagnoses. Rheumatoid factor did not disturb the immune Indian ink reaction, labile serum proteins caused, however, non-specific reaction in 30% of serum samples. When durocytes were used instead of Indian ink the rate of false positive results dropped to 10%. Sera taken in convalescent phase from patients with IHx antigenemia in the acute phase of illness contained an antibody against IHxAg. A crude gammaglobulin preparation from a pool of convalescent sera gave a precipitation line in agarose gel with an antigen present in the fecal extract of children with hepatitis A. This precipitation line proved to contain virus-like particles with an approximate diameter of 25 nm when tested by electronmicroscopy. No precipitation could be seen when sera of the same patients were tested against the same gammaglobulin preparation.
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PMID:Attempts to differential hepatitis B from hepatitis A infection by newly developed serological tests. 17 4

Serum samples from different groups of adults were tested for HBsAg and IHxAg, using a complement-fixation microtest and the Indian-ink immune reaction, respectively. (i) In healthy men 18-24 years of age, living in camps in closed communities, HBsAg was demonstrated in 1.5%, IHxAg in 12.2%, and both antigens in 0.7%. The incidence of HBsAg positivity seems to be age-dependent and influenced by environmental factors. (ii) For patients hospitalized with liver and/or biliary-tract diseases other than hepatitis, the respective percentages were 10, 13.5 and 4.5%. (iii) Of the cases clinically diagnosed as infectious hepatitis (IH, hepatitis A) or serum hepatitis (SH, hepatitis B), 14% were positive for both antigens whereas 10% were double-negative; 76% were positive for either HBsAg or IHxAg. In two-thirds of the single-positive cases the demonstrated antigen agreed with the clinical diagnosis, in one-third the unexpected antigen was present. (iv) SGPT and thymol turbidity values agreed better with the serological findings that with the clinical diagnosis. The number of days in hospital appeared to be related to both the serological findings and the clinical diagnosis. The clinical course was the most severe for those having both antigens in blood. (v) IHxantibodies from early convalescence were sensitive, those from a later stage were resistant, to 2-mercaptoethanol. (vi) No correlation was found between the presence of IHxAg and that of the rheumatoid factor. (vii) The IHx Indian-ink reaction is disturbed by the presence of labile serum proteins while the essentially similar reverse passive haemagglutination reaction was not affected by them. (viii) Testing for IHxAg seems to be a procedure valuable in the differential diagnosis of IH and SH, though the results are less convincing in adult age than in childhood.
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PMID:Serological differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis in adults. 18 Jul 57

Viral hepatitis is one of the most serious infectious diseases in the United States and is of great concern to the public health agencies, hospitals and research laboratories. Progress in our knowledge of this disease has been based on cooperation between specialists in many diverse scientific disciplines employing sophisticated scientific instruments and technics. Close cooperation between clinical pathologists and clinicians is of great importance in diagnosis. Biologic, immunologic, epidemiologic and morphologic studies have resulted in the demonstration that the disease is the result of infection with at least two different viruses, described as type A and type B hepatitis viruses. The first induces type A hepatitis (infectious or epidemic, or MS-2 strain) of longer incubation period, is transmitted parenterally and apparently by inhalation or ingestion of virus-containing material, by venereal means as well as by other means. Extremely sensitive methods are now available for the detection of hepatitis type B infection, based on the results of biochemical, biophysical and immunoelectronmicroscopic studies that resulted in our knowledge of structure and composition of type B virus, and our knowledge of host immune responses to the various components of this virus. Thus it is now known that two antigen-antibody systems are associated with viral hepatitis type B: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (HBsAb) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and antibody to it (HBcAb). The test for antibody to HBcAg appears to be a sensitive indicator of viral replication when only subdetectable amounts of HBsAg are circulated. Since the recent discovery and characterization of type A hepatitis virus, great progress has been made in our understanding of the relationship between type A and type B hepatitis viruses. There is no cross immunity between the two viruses, and as is now suspected, there may be at least another virus, described as type C virus, which may play an etiologic role in viral hepatitis. There is no doubt now that type A and type B hepatitis viruses can be transmitted to monkeys; type A to marmosets and chimpanzees, type B to chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys. The two viruses are serologically and immunologically distinct. This knowledge and the results of biologic experiments have laid a solid foundation of meaningful diagnostic procedures for the two types of viral hepatitis. Advances in biophysical and biochemical procedures of treatment of sera of hepatitis B patients have resulted in availability of viral material, noninfectious but immunogenic, for vaccination of chimpanzees. Protective efficacy trials of the vaccine in chimpanzees have demonstrated the vaccine to be fully protective against high doses of infectious hepatitis B virus...
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PMID:Viral type A and type B hepatitis: morphology, biology, immunology and epidemiology--a review. 21 39

Hbs-Ag, anti-Hbs, anti-Hbc and anti-HA were determined and the concentration of IgM measured in the sera of cases of acute infectious hepatitis which occurred in the Hannover area in 1975. Although there was a high degree of contamination with hepatitis A virus among the population, acute infectious hepatitis A was rare (n = 56). The hepatitis A virus is principally transmitted by contact with infection or while traveling in southern Europe. The greatest part of infectious hepatitis is due to hepatitis virus B (n = 211). Non-A, non-B hepatitis was less frequently observed (n = 62). A high percentage of patients with serum hepatitis and non-A, non-B hepatitis gave a history of parenteral exposure to possibly infectious material.
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PMID:[Seroepidemiology of acute infectious hepatitis (author's transl)]. 30 23

Materials of epidemiological analysis of familial infectious hepatitis nidality in 104 families are presented. The data obtained pointed to the preponderant affection of children constituting 97.1% of primary and 87.7% of subsequent cases in familial foci. Infection was brought to the families by schoolchildren in 57.7% of the cases, and by organized preschoolchildren--in 31.7% of the cases. The greatest affection of schoolchildren aged from 7 to 14 years in the foci with subsequent occurrence of the disease (77.7%) was explained by their marked age activity. This led to the conclusion that mass prophylaxis with alpha-globulin of these particular groups of children was of primary importance. The differences of the specific ratio of adults who contracted the disease in familial foci and in the region as a whole pointed to the possibility of infection of adults outside the family and on the prevalence in them of serum hepatitis.
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PMID:[Certain data concerning the analysis of the foci of infectious hepatitis in cases of subsequent occurrence of the disease in families]. 62 31

Australia Antigen was detected by radioimmunoassay technique in 80 cases of viral hepatitis. Incidence of the antigen was 40% in patients with epidemiologic data of infectious hepatitis, 84% in patients with epidemiologic data of serum hepatitis and 61% in a group of patients not reporting a reliable epidemiologic history. The count rate was periodically determined during the course of the illness in the attempt to evaluate, within the limits of the method, the amount of the antigen in the serum samples. Results are briefly discussed, together with the problem of the correlation between the presence of Australia Antigen and the two types of hepatitis infection.
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PMID:[Radioimmunologic determination of the Australia antigen during the course of viral hepatitis]. 81 60

One hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically HBsAg positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (HBs) and the core (HBc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis B virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (C) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human C. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that HBc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic HBSAg liver disease. C fixation by liver cells was shown in all HBC positive patients with chronic hepatitis; an active form was present in every case, except two with a persistent hepatitis, an inverse ratio of HBc to C binding fluorescence being noted between active chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic patients. HBc without C fixation was observed in only three patients in the incubation phase of infectious hepatitis. IgG deposits were often found in HBc containing, C fixing nuclei. No C binding or IgG deposits were observed in acute self-limited type B hepatitis, in serologically positive patients with normal liver or minimal histological lesions, with and without HBs cytoplasmic fluorescence in their biopsy, or in serologically negative individuals.
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PMID:Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. 100 73

Eighty-five patients notified to the local medical officer of health as infectious or serum hepatitis during the period 1 September 1974-1 September 1975 were investigated by questionnaire. Serum from 73 cases was tested for the presence of HBsAg. Sixteen cases were notified as serum hepatitis but only 13 were shown to have HBsAg in their serum. Sixty-eight cases were notified as infectious hepatitis and 21 HBsAg positive cases were found amongst the 57 sera tested. Two-thirds of the HBsAg positive cases were not suspected clinically. The epidemiology of hepatitis in Christchurch is discussed and suggestion is made that all notified cases of hepatitis should have blood tested for HBsAg.
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PMID:Hepatitis B surface antigen in notified cases of viral hepatitis. 106 82

The AA. carrie out an analysis of the results obtained by means of the radioimmunologic method and concludes as follows: 1) Au-positive acute hepatitis represent the more largely diffused form among adult people; 2) from a clinical point of view, it seems appropriate to modify definitions of A and B hepatitis, of infectious hepatitis or serum hepatitis, classifying this disease as follows: a) hepatitis with positive antigenemy; b) hepatitis with negative antigenemy; and this independently from the anamnestic and epidemiologic elements. In the second part of this report, the AA., after introducing some considerations on the effects of the therapy by means of steroids, illustrate the data concerning a study carried out on a group of Au-positive and Au-negative subjects, subdivided into treated and non treated patients. From these analysis, even if a statistical survey has not been made, no elements are noticed, able to differentiate the behaviour of the two groups of hepatitis studied, in comparison with the therapy by means of steroids. One single Au-negative case, within a certain period of time, after the therapy with steroids, showed the presence of a positivity of immunologic phenomena only by the radioimmunoassay.
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PMID:[Radioimmunologic determination of hepatitis antigen and its clinical implications]. 122 56


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