Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concept of chronic hepatitis is very complex. There is no generally recognized definition and no agreement on the nomenclature. In more recent times a subdivision into chronic persisting (CPH) and chronic active (aggressive or progressive) hepatitis (cah) has been proposed. Morphologically CPH has a mononuclear inflammatory infiltration of the portal fields with preservation of the lobules. In positive hepatitis B CPH, orcein-positive milkglass-shaped hepatocytes and washed-out nuclei have recently been established by immunofluorescence. Periportal inflammation (piecemeal necrosis) is characteristic of CAH. Severe forms show hepatocytolysis and confluent necroses in addition. Since there is not always a sharp division between CPH and CAH, an unequivocal diagnosis of clinical, biochemical, serologic and immunological data is required.
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PMID:[The morphogenesis of chronic hepatitis]. 10 39

Six patients with hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B 'e' antigen positive chronic active hepatitis, and elevated hepatitis B specific DNA polymerase activity were treated sequentially with fibroblast and leucocyte interferon. Fibroblast interferon induced a fall in serum transaminase activities in all patients, whereas a consistent decline in DNA polymerase activity was observed during leucocyte interferon administration only. After treatment one patient remained persistently DNA polymerase and hepatitis B 'e' antigen negative, whereas relapse to initial values occurred in others. Side effects included severe but reversible granulocytopenia, and chills responding to promethazine treatment. The differential biologies with their non-identity in in vitro studies.
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PMID:Differential effects of fibroblast and leucocyte interferon in HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis. 11 47

The clinical picture of liver disease in endemic areas of Schistosomiasis mansoni differs in many ways from that observed in alcoholic and other types of cirrhosis. In hepatosplenic schistosomiasis there is predominance of the clinical manifestations of portal hypertension, e.g., bleeding esophageal varices, while ascites, jaundice, and hepatic precoma or coma are much less common. Ammonia tolerance is usually normal and helps explain the low mortality rate during bleeding. Of special interest is the observation of a high incidence of persistent hepatitis B surface antigenemia among patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, suggesting increased susceptibility of such patients to the development of virus-induced chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: a contrast with cirrhosis. 12 11

A cryoprotein complex was isolated and characterized from a patient with chronic active hepatitis and a severe peripheral neuropathy. This cryoprotein was composed of IgM, IgG, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and had a concentration of approximately 36 mg per 100 ml of serum. Electron microscopic examination of the cryoprotein demonstrated aggregates of Dane particles in close association with the antigenically related tubular and spherical forms of HBsAg. HBsAg, IgM, and IgG were detected by immunofluorescent staining in the intima of small arteries and veins. The association of a high serum level of cryoprotein and deposition of the cryoprotein components in small blood vessels suggests a role for the cryoprotein in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy in this patient with chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Cryoprotein complexes and peripheral neuropathy in a patient with chronic active hepatitis. 18 Dec 85

The core and coat of hepatitis B virus were found by electron microscopy in parenchymal cells of a liver biopsy from a 61 year old man with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. Laparoscopy, 35 days after liver biopsy, and autopsy 42 days later confirmed the cirrhosis and showed in addition a well differentiated hepatoma. The possibility of a viral aetiology for the cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver is considered.
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PMID:Hepatitis B virus, cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver. An electron microscopic study. 18 67

Significant liver disease developed in 14 patients after renal transplantation. Nine patients had morphologic and functional evidence of chronic active hepatitis. In general, these patients had few symptoms of liver disease, even though the course of chronic active hepatitis was progressive. Despite large doses of prednisone, cirrhosis ultimately developed in five patients. The cause of chronic active hepatitis could not be related to azathioprine or methyldopa therapy because there was no perceptible change in the course of liver disease after treatment with these drugs was stopped. Three patients were persistently positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Isolated instances of granulomatous hepatitis (Mycobacterium kansasii) and of prolonged intrahepatic cholestasis were encountered in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Two patients had acute cytomegalovirus hepatitis. There was one episode each of fulminant herpes simplex hepatitis and severe fatty metamorphosis.
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PMID:Liver disease in renal transplant recipients. 18 93

The chief causes of liver disease in Ethiopia are reviewed, considering hospital data on admissions for hepatitis, cirrhosis, ascites and hepatoma. Liver diseases account for 11.4% of all medical admissions in 3 medical wards in Addis Ababa. The causes are viral hepatitis, post- hepatic and post necrotic and mixed cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcoholic cirrhosis is rare. Viral hepatitis with shivering, rigor and fever and elevated direct bilirubin levels are common in Ethiopians, especially in child-bearing women. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is often associated with hepatitis. The disease may be transmitted by several species of mosquitoes, placental transmission, or feces, urine, saliva or semen. Blood products are not screened for hepatitis B. Cirrhosis is common, and causes significant mortality, usually from esophageal varices and hepatic coma. Chronic active hepatitis patients may live for a time, especially if they are near a hospital and are treated with steroids. In Ethiopia presenting symptoms for hepatoma are anorexia, weight loss, persistent, burning, right upper quadrant pain, and a hard, nodular, tender RUQ mass. Over 5% of malignancies seen are primary hepatocellular carcinomas. 50% have HBsAG, compared to 3.8% of controls. 65% have alpha-fetoglobulins. It is suggested that some viral hepatitis cases progress to cirrhosis, of which some go on to hepatocellular carcinoma. Herbal medicines, aflatoxins and other toxins may also contribute to liver disease.
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PMID:Current views on liver diseases in Ethiopia. 20 62

Clustering of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with both subtypes adr and adw in three families of patients with chronic liver diseases or hepatocellular carcinoma was demonstrated in Taiwan where adw is the main subtype. The subtype in the children was similar to that in their mothers, suggesting maternal transmission. In all the family units clustered with different subtypes, the same pattern occurred, invariably with fathers carrying HBsAg/adr and the children carrying HBsAg/adw. The subtype difference clearly rules out the transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from father. Horizontal infection with the locally dominant adw-subtyped HBV in the children of fathers carrying HBsAg/adr explains the discrepancy of the subtypes in these families. Clustering of two HBsAg-positive brothers with hepatocellular carcinoma in one of the families was found. That both adr-subtyped and adw-subtyped HBV are capable of inducing chronic active hepatitis in another family suggests that host factors are probably more important in determining the clinical course of HBV infection.
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PMID:Clustering of different subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in families of patients with chronic liver diseases. 21 Jun 59

Sera from 44 patients with a well-documented diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were analysed for antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs, e-antigen (HBeAg) and anti-HBe, as well as antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Twenty-two patients had serologic evidence of hepatitis A infection. The frequency of anti-HAV was low in patients under 50 years of age (21%) but high among older patients (72%). There was, however, no significant difference between patients and age-matched controls regarding the prevalence of anti-HAV in serum. Markers for hepatitis B virus were found in 10 patients or 23% as compared with about 10% in Swedish blood donors. The results indicate that hepatitis A virus is of little importance in the pathogenesis of CAH and confirm the association between hepatitis B virus and development of chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Serologic markers of hepatitis A and B in chronic active hepatitis. 21 21

Numerous cases of chronic hepatitis have been shown to be closely associated with persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). A group of 100 patients suffering from chronic active hepatitis (CAH) was investigated for HBV serologic markers. Of these, 35 patients were HbsAg-positive; in 26 HBsAg-negative subjects, anti-HBc were detected using counterimmune electrophoresis and complement-fixation tests. These data suggest that chronic liver disease in patients who were only anti-HBc-positive might be related to persistent infection with hepatitis B virus. Epidemiological clinical and histopathological data were different when we compared CAH patients who were HBsAg-negative, but anti-HBc-positive, with HBsAg-positive CAH patients. A sequence is proposed leading from HBsAg-positive to HBsAg-negative CAH, cirrhosis, and hepatoma in temperate areas, according to a model similar to the one described in intertropical Africa.
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PMID:HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis related to hepatitis B virus. 21 84


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