Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019163 (hepatitis B)
 38,309 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum samples from 100 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis-related chronic liver disease and 100 patients with hepatitis B-related chronic liver disease were tested by first-generation and second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, a second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay and the nested polymerase chain reaction. In non-A, non-B hepatitis-related chronic liver disease, second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (anti-c22 and/or c200) and second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay showed 98% positivity, whereas first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (anti-c100-3) showed 89% positivity. The two second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay-negative samples were positive by nested polymerase chain reaction, but one second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay-positive sample was polymerase chain reaction negative. However, when this second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay-positive sample was tested by polymerase chain reaction using another set of primers, it was polymerase chain reaction positive. Therefore, 100% of the non-A, non-B hepatitis-related chronic liver disease serum samples were hepatitis C virus RNA positive by polymerase chain reaction. Nine hepatitis B-related chronic liver disease samples were first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay positive. Of the eight second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-positive hepatitis B-related chronic liver disease samples, six were first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay positive and five were second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay positive and polymerase chain reaction positive. One indeterminate second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay sample was polymerase chain reaction negative. Therefore, second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay appears to be as useful as polymerase chain reaction for detecting a chronic hepatitis C virus infection, although some discrepancies were noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Detection of chronic hepatitis C virus infection by four diagnostic systems: first-generation and second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay and nested polymerase chain reaction analysis. 137 8

To assess the role of the hepatitis C virus in patients with unexplained chronic liver disease, we tested for the presence of anti-hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) in the stored serum of patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and a variety of other chronic liver diseases. The anti-HCV assay was performed by both the enzyme-linked and recombinant immunoblot methods in 16 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. Eight of these 16 patients (50%) were seropositive. Six of these eight patients were born outside of the United States, compared with only one of eight seronegative patients (p = 0.021). Of the anti-HCV-positive cryptogenic cirrhotic patients, 50% also had markers of previous hepatitis B infection, compared with only 12.5% of seronegative patients. Evidence of anti-HCV positivity was found in 10%, 19%, 0%, and 0% in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis, respectively. We conclude that in a suburban American population, hepatitis C accounts for a significant percentage of patients with presumed cryptogenic cirrhosis. Unrecognized risk factors may account for a higher prevalence of HCV in foreign-born patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. A low prevalence of anti-HCV positivity is found in other forms of chronic liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of anti-HCV in cryptogenic cirrhosis in a suburban Detroit community. 137 12

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most important cause of transfusion-related non-A, non-B hepatitis. It is also thought to be the prime cause of non-transfusion-related or sporadic chronic liver disease. To assess the extent of HCV infection and its significance in this last form, we evaluated the clinical, serological and histological features of 84 consecutive HCV-related patients without a history of blood or blood products transfusion, alcohol or intravenous drug abuse or other known risk factors. Our results indicate that 68 patients (81%) had signs of chronicity, and 33 (39.2%) had superimposed cirrhosis. Serum abnormal alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities represented good predictive markers of liver histological signs of chronicity. The levels of serum gammaglobulins were found to parallel histological severity of liver disease. One or more hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated markers were present in 52 patients (61.9%). Only 6 (7.1%) were chronic HBV carriers, and 3 of them had signs of active virus replication. These data indicate that HCV plays a major role in the etiology of sporadic chronic liver disease. Its presence is associated with histological forms of chronic liver disease in most patients, who likely represent chronic HCV carriers.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis-C-virus-related chronic liver disease of sporadic type: clinical, serological and histological features. 137 48

The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was determined in 55 patients with chronic liver diseases including liver cirrhosis (42 patients), liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (8 patients), and chronic active hepatitis (4 patients). A total of 63.6% of these patients were positive for anti-HCV, a significantly higher prevalence than the rate of 3.9% observed in 488 asymptomatic volunteers. Of the 42 patients with liver cirrhosis 16 (38.1%) had positive anti-HCV without any markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), while 12 (28.6%) had markers of neither HCV nor HBV infection. Our findings suggest that HCV infection may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease in Saudi Arabia, which is an area of endemic HBV infection. Screening for anti HCV should be considered mandatory in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) especially where the etiology appears obscure.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus among Saudi patients with chronic liver diseases. 138 86

To investigate the prevalence and clinical features of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfection in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, antibody to hepatitis delta antigen (anti-HD) was determined in the sera of 328 HBV carriers in Japan. 1) Of the 328 HBV carriers, six (1.8%) were seropositive for anti-HD by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. IgM-antibody to hepatitis delta antigen was detected in 2/6 patients with a high anti-HDV titer. None of the patients was positive for hepatitis dealt antigen. 2) HBV carriers with chronic liver disease had a greater frequency of seropositivity of anti-HD than asymptomatic HBV carriers. These data indicate that HDV superinfection may be an etiologic agent of chronic liver disease in HBV carriers.
 ...
PMID:[Detection of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) markers in HBV carriers]. 143 81

A series of clinics were conducted in Delhi, India, in January, 1990. Of 54 patients with beta thalassemia major (mean age 7.6 years), 11.1% (6 out of 54) tested positive for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti HCV antibodies) and 66.6% (36 out of 54) showed evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Only 7.4% (4 out of 54) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive. Of their parents, 2.2% (2 out of 90) tested positive for anti HCV antibodies, 28.9% (26 out of 90) showed evidence of previous HBV infection and 11.1% (10 out of 90) were HBsAg positive. We argue that HCV constitutes a greater long term threat than HBV in these patients due to the higher incidence of chronic liver disease. We would advocate the introduction of HCV screening of donated blood as well as reinforcing the importance of HBV screening and immunization.
 ...
PMID:A study of hepatitis B and C prevalence and liver function in multiply transfused thalassemic and their parents. 145 8

The paper deals with the results of detection of liver diseases in 868 patients who underwent examination at the department of pulmonary tuberculosis surgery of the St. Petersburg research institute of phthisiopulmonology. The rate of carriage of hepatitis B surface antigen was 11.05%, while Al/At activity was increased in 30.41% of the cases. Signs of chronic liver disease were diagnosed in 84 patients. Morphological examination verified the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis in 53% of the cases, including 44% of virus etiology; in the rest of patients medicamentous and alcoholic forms were found. Specific liver affections were detected in 16% of the patients, dystrophic and cirrhotic changes in 25%, mainly of medicamentous and alcoholic etiology; in 8% the cause of liver affection remained +non-established.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis of liver diseases in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. 148 30

HBV infection acquired during infancy and early childhood has a high likelihood of progressing to chronic infection, which can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. In areas of the world where HBV infection occurs predominantly in infants and young children, routine infant immunization with hepatitis B vaccine is the most appropriate vaccination strategy. In the United States, the majority of HBV infections occur in adults with behaviors or occupations that put them at risk for HBV infection. Nevertheless, infection acquired during infancy and early childhood contributes significantly to the burden of chronic liver disease in the United States. Until recently, the vaccination strategy in the United States has included HBsAg screening of pregnant women and vaccination of infants born to infected women and vaccination of people in groups at high risk for HBV infection. Because of the difficulties in accessing and vaccinating persons from high-risk groups and the recent findings that HBV infection occurs more commonly among children in some groups in the United States than previously appreciated, the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee of the US Public Health Service and the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1991 endorsed a strategy of universal immunization of infants for hepatitis B. This strategy has the advantages of accessing infants in the United States through preexisting vaccine delivery systems and vaccinating individuals prior to their engaging in high-risk behavior. Continued screening of pregnant women for HBsAg is necessary to prevent perinatal HBV transmission and to identify for vaccination those household and sexual contacts of HBV carriers, a group that is also at high risk of HBV infection.
 ...
PMID:Impact of hepatitis B virus infection on women and children. 153 49

Two hundred and fifty four high risk persons or patients with hepatitis B virus related liver disease (209 men, 45 women; age range 1-78 years) were tested for anti-delta antibody and IgM anti-HBc to determine the prevalence of delta agent coinfection and superinfection. The prevalence of delta infection was as follows: acute viral hepatitis 23/148 (16%) and chronic liver disease 17/92 (19%), and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers 1/6 (17%). In the high risk population, the delta antibody prevalence was as follows: multiple transfusion recipients 3/8 (38%), patients with chronic renal failure 1/5 (20%) and medical professionals 2/7 (29%). Of 44 patients (34 men, 10 women; age 3-63 years) with delta infection, 26 (59%) had coinfection and 18 (41%) had superinfection. Six patients with anti-delta antibody had received blood transfusion(s) and six others gave history of parenteral exposure.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of delta virus infection in high risk population and hepatitis B virus related liver diseases. 155 4

We performed a quantitative study of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, including new parameters such as pre-S1 antigen (Ag), pre-S2 Ag, and anti-HBx, in 88 chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. New IMx assays for HBsAg and immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-HBc detection were also used. The population studied was composed of 65 chronic hepatitis cases (40 positive for hepatitis B antigen [HBeAg] and 25 positive for anti-HBe) and 23 anti-HBe-positive, asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Serum HBsAg levels detected by IMx were higher in HBeAg-positive than in anti-HBe-positive HBsAg carriers (all patient subgroups included) and correlated with the serum HBV DNA level (P = 0.0001). Both pre-S1 and pre-S2 Ags were detected by enzyme immunoassays in almost all HBsAg carriers. Both pre-S1 and pre-S2 Ag titers correlated positively with the serum HBsAg concentration (P = 0.0001), but only the pre-S1 Ag titer correlated with the level of serum HBV DNA (P = 0.02). The detection of low levels of IgM anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) antibodies by IMx was associated with the presence of liver disease (P = 0.05) but not with the level of viral replication. The prevalence of anti-HBx antibodies detected by the enzyme immunoassay was slightly, although not significantly, higher in patients with high levels of HBV DNA (greater than 100 pg/ml) than in patients without detectable HBV DNA (P = 0.16). In anti-HBe-positive chronic HBsAg carriers, the quantitative detection of serum HBV DNA, pre-S Ag titers, and IgM anti HBc allowed us to predict which patients suffered from chronic liver disease and/or supported viral replication (P < 0.05). In a follow-up study of eight patients undergoing antiviral therapy, the clearance of both pre-S1 Ag and HBV DNA was associated with a subsequent clearance of HBV. Therefore, the quantitative determination of HBV DNA, pre-S Ags, IgM anti-HBc may prove useful for the decision to use and the monitoring of antiviral therapy, especially in anti-HBe-positive HBsAg carriers.
 ...
PMID:New assays for quantitative determination of viral markers in management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. 158 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>